US3296695A - Production of plural-phase alloys - Google Patents
Production of plural-phase alloys Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3296695A US3296695A US324225A US32422563A US3296695A US 3296695 A US3296695 A US 3296695A US 324225 A US324225 A US 324225A US 32422563 A US32422563 A US 32422563A US 3296695 A US3296695 A US 3296695A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- billet
- alloy
- metal
- strip
- oxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 49
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims description 49
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DMFGNRRURHSENX-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium copper Chemical compound [Be].[Cu] DMFGNRRURHSENX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010622 cold drawing Methods 0.000 description 2
- PSFDQSOCUJVVGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N harman Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2NC2=C1C=CN=C2C PSFDQSOCUJVVGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000239290 Araneae Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000010029 Homer Scaffolding Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005555 metalworking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/01—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion starting from material of particular form or shape, e.g. mechanically pre-treated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/22—Making metal-coated products; Making products from two or more metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1078—Alloys containing non-metals by internal oxidation of material in solid state
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S75/00—Specialized metallurgical processes, compositions for use therein, consolidated metal powder compositions, and loose metal particulate mixtures
- Y10S75/95—Consolidated metal powder compositions of >95% theoretical density, e.g. wrought
- Y10S75/951—Oxide containing, e.g. dispersion strengthened
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
- Y10T29/49982—Coating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12229—Intermediate article [e.g., blank, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12333—Helical or with helical component
Definitions
- Pluralwphase alloys of the character with which this invention isi concerned heretofore have generally been made by themethodst of powder metallurgy, because the hard and: brittle phase which they contain cannot generally be incorporated into wrought shapes by customary melting, casting and metal working practices.
- a few such alloys have also been made, by internally oxidizing alloys comprising a small quantity of easily oxidizable metal in a relatively largequantity of a metal which does not oxidize readilyq It has even been proposed to produce alloys of this, latter character. by extruding surface-oxidized chips, turnings, punch press, scrap, etc., either before or after heating to, enable the surface oxide to diffuse into the metal and internally oxidizethe alloy.
- All such methods minor proportion of another metal with an element capable of forming a non-metallic compound with said other metal until particles of such compound are formed and substantially uniformly dispersed throughout the matrix metal.
- the it resulting plural-phase alloy sheet then is coiled on itself to form a billet, the billet is heated to the extrusion temperature of the plural-phase alloy, and the heated billet istextruded to form a coalesced alloy.
- Dispersion hardened alloys such for example as internally oxidized dispersion hardened alloys are readily made in massive wrought form by the method of the in vention.
- a thin strip of oxidation hardenable alloy that is, an alloy comprising a small quantity of a readily oxidizable metal the oxide of which hasta high heat of formation such as magnesium, beryllium; aluminum, or silicon, and a relatively large quantity of a metal which does not oxidize very readily, i.e.
- Solid solutions of other metals than these examples may also be used provided that there is a substantial contrast in the oxide heats of formation of the solvent and solute metals, the solvent metal having lower heat formation and the capability of diffusing effective amounts of oxygen without itself becoming excessively oxidized.
- Such alloys as noted above, are called oxidation hardenable alloys.
- the internal oxidation process is the most effective method known for producing increased strength and hardness by the dispersion of oxide particles in the matrix or solvent metal. It is, however, effective only for small sizes of metal parts or particles, smaller than about 0.1, and preferably smaller than about 0.02 in thickness or diameter. Larger thicknesses require excessively long times for completion of the internal oxidation process, and the slower rate of oxidation results in coarser and less effective precipitated oxide particles in the interiors of the larger pieces.
- In order to produce larger sections of internally oxidized material one may produce powders, chips, or other small particles of the solid solution alloy and then internally oxidize these particles, after which they may be compressed into a billet and coalesced by hot extrusion. This process has several shortcomings which the present invention overcomes. These shortcomings are:
- the aforementioned difficulties are overcome by first rolling the cast, solid solution alloy into a continuous strip, uniformly and suitably thin for effective and economically rapid internal oxidation.
- the strip should be less than 0.1", and preferably less than 0.02, in thickness.
- This strip is then either directly internally oxidized, or is indirectly internally oxidized by first forming a surface oxide layer in an oxidizing environment and then diffusing inwardly the oxygen of such layers in an inert environment.
- the oxidized strip is then wrapped about a suitable mandrel to form a multilayer high density billet resembling a roll of paper.
- the mandrel may be a rod from a previous extrusion of the same alloy composition.
- any removable mandrel may be used.
- This wrapped billet is then heated (either in a can or not) to extrusion temperature and extruded into a rod or tube.
- the extrusion ratio is preferably higher than 15 to 1 to assure complete coalescense of the multilayer billet.
- the surface oxidized strip may be Wrapped into billet form, and diffusion can be accomplished by heating the wrapped billet containing enclosed surface oxides.
- the temperature and time of heating depend on the particular alloy and the actual thickness of the strip employed, but should be selected to insure that the enclosed oxide will be quite completely dissociated and to allow its oxygen to diffuse throughout the metal. It will be understood that the thinner the strip, the less need be the amount of surface oxide and the shorter the diffusion time.
- Example I An alloy of 0.25% magnesium, balance silver, was melted and cast into a bar, and rolled into 10" wide strip .010" thick by conventional processes.
- the alloy strip was formed into an open spiral coil with about A" spacing between turns to allow free circulation of air or oxidizing gas between turns.
- This open coil suitably supported on a heat resistant metal spider or carrier, was heated to 1350 F. in an air circulating furnace enriched with oxygen and was held at this temperature for /2 hour. Heating at such temperature and for such time was sufficient to oxidation harden, throughout, strip of this composition and thickness.
- the resulting internally oxidized strip was then wrapped around a mandrel of previously extruded rod, in diameter, of the same material.
- Example II An alloy of 0.1% beryllium, balance copper, was cast, rolled, and formed into an open coil as in Example I.
- the open coil was cleaned and pickled in acid and then was immersed in an alkaline oxidizing solution at 210 to 215 F. for 15 minutes, thereby producing an adherent, black copper oxide coating on each side of the coiled strip.
- the total oxygen content of the resulting coating was slightly in excess of that required to oxidize completely the beryllium contained in the strip to BeO.
- the oxide coated strip still in the soft condition, was wrapped about a rod of previously extruded oxidation hardened beryllium copper and was placed in a copper can and sealed. The sealed billet was heated for 4 hours at 1750 F.
- the heated and diffused billet was transferred directly to the extrusion press and was extruded under a force of 600 tons to %1" rod having 72,000 psi. tensile strength. On further cold drawing to .100" diameter, the tensile strength of the rod was increased to 93,000 psi.
- Example I In carrying out a process according to Example I, a continuous strip heating operation could be employed for the oxidizing step in place of batch heating of open coils.
- an alkaline chemical oxidizing bath is used to facilitate obtaining a uniform, controllable amount of copper oxide on the strip.
- the oxide coating thus formed is, in contrast to heat-formed oxide scale, adherent and nonspalling and easily withstands the subsequent wrapping operation by which the coiled billet is formed.
- Example III An alternative practice to that of Example III is to heat the beryllium copper strip either in the form of an open coil or in the form of a straight length in an environment that maintains a partial pressure of oxygen approximately equal to the dissociation pressure of Cu O, so as to diffuse oxygen into the strip without excessively oxidizing the copper. This may be accomplished, for instance, by heating the strip in a closed system containing C1120.
- the strip may be first heated in an oxidizing environment to form a surface oxide scale, after which it is heated in a neutral environment for sufficient time to difiuse the oxygen of the scale into the metal to oxidize and precipitate the beryllium; and then preferably the strip is heated in a reducing atmosphere to eliminate excess oxide over that required to oxidize the beryllium.
- an alloy composition containing a precipitated nitride phase may be made by diffusing nitrogen into a stri of nitridable composition, coiling the strip into a billet, and extruding it.
- Extruded shapes containing a precipitated carbide phase may be made by diffusing carbon into a thin strip of a suitable alloy, coiling the carburized strip into billet form, and extruding.
- the method of producing a wrought plural-phase alloy which comprises the steps of reacting, at an elevated temperature, a sheet of a solid solution alloy comprising major proportion of a matrix metal and a minor pro- 1 capable of; forming a non-metallic compound with said other metal; until particles of said compound are formed and. substantially uniformly dispersed as a separate phase throughout said matrix metal, coiling the resulting pluralphase, alloy sheet on itself to form a billet, heating the coiledqsheet billet to the extrusion temperature of the l plural-phase alloy, and extruding the heated billet to form t a coalesced extruded shape.
- non-metallic element is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and carbon.
- the method of forming a wrought shape of an internally oxidized alloy which comprises the steps of reactingflwith an oxidizing agent a sheet of a solid solution alloy comprising a major proportion of a matrix metalvand: a minor proportion of a relatively more easily oxidized metal to form an internally oxidized alloy sheet in which particles of an oxide of the more easily oxidized metal are dispersed throughout ,a matrix of the matrix metal, coiling.
- the resulting internally oxidized sheet on itself to form a billet, heating the billet to the extrusion temperature, of, the internally oxidized alloy, and extrud- 1 ing the heated billet to form a coalesced extruded shape.
- the matrix metal is a metal selected from groups Ib and VIII of the periodic table, and the more easily oxidized metal is selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, beryllium and silicon.
- the method of forming a wrought shape of an internally oxidized alloy which comprising the steps of reacting with gaseous oxygen at an elevated temperature a thin sheet of a solid solution alloy comprising a major proportion of a matrix metal and a minor proportion of a relatively more easily oxidized metal to form an internally oxidized alloy sheet in which particles of an oxide of the more easily oxidized metal are substantially uniformly dispersed throughout a matrix of the matrix metal, tightly coiling the resulting oxidized sheet on itself in con* centric layers to form a high densityscylindrical extrusion n billet, heating said billet to the extrusion temperature of the internally oxidized alloy, and extruding the billet to form a coalesced extruded shape.
- the method of forming a wrought shape of an internally oxidized alloy which comprises the steps of reacting with an oxidizing solution a thin sheet of a solid solution alloy comprising a major proportion of a matrix metal and a minor proportion of a relatively more easily oxidized metal to form a surface-oxidized alloy sheet, drying and heating the surface-oxidized sheet until particles of an oxide of the more easily oxidized metal are substantially uniformly dispersed throughout the sheet in a matrix of the matrix metal, tightly coiling the resulting internally oxidized alloy sheet on itself in concentric layers to form a high density cylindrical extrusion billet, heating said billet to the extrusion temperature of the internally oxidized alloy, and extruding the billet to form a coalesced extruded shape.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Wire Processing (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US324225A US3296695A (en) | 1963-11-18 | 1963-11-18 | Production of plural-phase alloys |
CA903,052A CA999057A (en) | 1963-11-18 | 1964-05-29 | Production of plural-phase alloys |
GB22789/64A GB1039316A (en) | 1963-11-18 | 1964-06-02 | Improvements in production of plural-phase alloys |
DE1964H0053144 DE1233145C2 (de) | 1963-11-18 | 1964-07-02 | Verfahren zur Herstellung mehrphasiger Legierungen im festen Zustand |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US324225A US3296695A (en) | 1963-11-18 | 1963-11-18 | Production of plural-phase alloys |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3296695A true US3296695A (en) | 1967-01-10 |
Family
ID=23262643
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US324225A Expired - Lifetime US3296695A (en) | 1963-11-18 | 1963-11-18 | Production of plural-phase alloys |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3296695A (de) |
CA (1) | CA999057A (de) |
DE (1) | DE1233145C2 (de) |
GB (1) | GB1039316A (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2673647A1 (fr) * | 1991-03-04 | 1992-09-11 | Trefimetaux | Procede de fabrication d'alliages de cuivre durcis par oxydation interne. |
WO2002046108A2 (de) * | 2000-12-07 | 2002-06-13 | Leibniz-Institut Für Festkörper- Und Werkstoffforschung Dresden E.V. | Metallband für epitaktische beschichtungen und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1333554A (en) * | 1969-10-27 | 1973-10-10 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Superconducting members and methods of manufacture thereof |
JPS521277B1 (de) * | 1970-02-09 | 1977-01-13 | ||
JPS5021355B1 (de) * | 1970-12-15 | 1975-07-22 | ||
GB1341726A (en) * | 1971-02-04 | 1973-12-25 | Imp Metal Ind Kynoch Ltd | Superconductors |
BE792936A (fr) * | 1971-12-22 | 1973-06-18 | Imp Metal Ind Kynoch Ltd | Procede pour produire des supraconducteurs |
US3836404A (en) * | 1972-06-28 | 1974-09-17 | Atomic Energy Commission | Method of fabricating composite superconductive electrical conductors |
US3838503A (en) * | 1972-07-12 | 1974-10-01 | Atomic Energy Commission | Method of fabricating a composite multifilament intermetallic type superconducting wire |
US3763553A (en) * | 1972-09-26 | 1973-10-09 | Imp Metal Ind Kynoch Ltd | Method of fabricating intermetallic type superconductors |
US3811185A (en) * | 1973-03-23 | 1974-05-21 | Us Navy | Method for enhancing v{11 ga thin film growth |
JPS5713620A (en) * | 1980-06-27 | 1982-01-23 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Method of producing compound superconductor |
AT1239U1 (de) | 1996-03-27 | 1997-01-27 | Plansee Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung eines verbundwerkstoffes |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2261436A (en) * | 1940-05-24 | 1941-11-04 | Edmund R Week Jr | Spark plug and method of making the same |
US2913813A (en) * | 1955-06-22 | 1959-11-24 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Composite metal product |
US3113376A (en) * | 1958-07-22 | 1963-12-10 | Texas Instruments Inc | Alloying |
US3140172A (en) * | 1961-06-30 | 1964-07-07 | Texas Instruments Inc | Production of alloy materials |
US3181936A (en) * | 1960-12-30 | 1965-05-04 | Gen Electric | Superconductors and method for the preparation thereof |
US3218693A (en) * | 1962-07-03 | 1965-11-23 | Nat Res Corp | Process of making niobium stannide superconductors |
-
1963
- 1963-11-18 US US324225A patent/US3296695A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1964
- 1964-05-29 CA CA903,052A patent/CA999057A/en not_active Expired
- 1964-06-02 GB GB22789/64A patent/GB1039316A/en not_active Expired
- 1964-07-02 DE DE1964H0053144 patent/DE1233145C2/de not_active Expired
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2261436A (en) * | 1940-05-24 | 1941-11-04 | Edmund R Week Jr | Spark plug and method of making the same |
US2913813A (en) * | 1955-06-22 | 1959-11-24 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Composite metal product |
US3113376A (en) * | 1958-07-22 | 1963-12-10 | Texas Instruments Inc | Alloying |
US3181936A (en) * | 1960-12-30 | 1965-05-04 | Gen Electric | Superconductors and method for the preparation thereof |
US3140172A (en) * | 1961-06-30 | 1964-07-07 | Texas Instruments Inc | Production of alloy materials |
US3218693A (en) * | 1962-07-03 | 1965-11-23 | Nat Res Corp | Process of making niobium stannide superconductors |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2673647A1 (fr) * | 1991-03-04 | 1992-09-11 | Trefimetaux | Procede de fabrication d'alliages de cuivre durcis par oxydation interne. |
WO2002046108A2 (de) * | 2000-12-07 | 2002-06-13 | Leibniz-Institut Für Festkörper- Und Werkstoffforschung Dresden E.V. | Metallband für epitaktische beschichtungen und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
WO2002046108A3 (de) * | 2000-12-07 | 2002-09-26 | Dresden Ev Inst Festkoerper | Metallband für epitaktische beschichtungen und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
US20050031890A1 (en) * | 2000-12-07 | 2005-02-10 | Bernd De Boer | Metal strip for epitaxial coatings and method for the production thereof |
US6908691B2 (en) * | 2000-12-07 | 2005-06-21 | Institut Fuer Festkoerper-Und Werkstoffforschung Dresden E.V. | Metal strip for epitaxial coatings and method for the production thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA999057A (en) | 1976-10-26 |
DE1233145C2 (de) | 1967-08-03 |
DE1233145B (de) | 1967-01-26 |
GB1039316A (en) | 1966-08-17 |
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