US3293843A - Drawing and crimping synthetic polymer filaments - Google Patents

Drawing and crimping synthetic polymer filaments Download PDF

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Publication number
US3293843A
US3293843A US338997A US33899764A US3293843A US 3293843 A US3293843 A US 3293843A US 338997 A US338997 A US 338997A US 33899764 A US33899764 A US 33899764A US 3293843 A US3293843 A US 3293843A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
filaments
yarn
synthetic polymer
drawn
crimp
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US338997A
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English (en)
Inventor
Bibby Norman William
Burgess John Llewellyn
Crabbe Peter John
Jones Geoffrey Hugh
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
British Nylon Spinners Ltd
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British Nylon Spinners Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by British Nylon Spinners Ltd filed Critical British Nylon Spinners Ltd
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Publication of US3293843A publication Critical patent/US3293843A/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
    • D02J1/225—Mechanical characteristics of stretching apparatus
    • D02J1/226—Surface characteristics of guiding or stretching organs
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/14—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using grooved rollers or gear-wheel-type members
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
    • G21C3/30—Assemblies of a number of fuel elements in the form of a rigid unit
    • G21C3/32—Bundles of parallel pin-, rod-, or tube-shaped fuel elements
    • G21C3/34—Spacer grids
    • G21C3/352—Spacer grids formed of assembled intersecting strips
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Definitions

  • Synthetic polymer filaments such as those of polyamide, polyester and polypropylene materials, are ex truded in an undrawn, straight condition normally by melt-spinning. Subsequent processes of drawing and crimping may then be carried out on the as-spun filaments to orient their molecules and to cause the filaments permanently to adopt a non-linear form when such is the form that is desired.
  • Such subsequent processes of drawing and crimping may be themselves distinct processes, or they may be combined in one distinct process, subsequent to that of extrusion.
  • both the drawing and the crimping may be carried out on the filaments immediately after extrusion and before they have been wound up.
  • One way of combining the drawing and crimping processes which has previously been proposed is to impart the drawing tension directly by two meshing toothedwheel members, so that the filaments are forced into a corrugated shape immediately after they have been drawn out into the molecularly-oriented state.
  • the filaments are preferably led several times round one of the toothed- Wheel members and a separator means therefor, so as to make a number of passes between the two members.
  • already drawn filaments are crimped by passing them between intermeshing toothedwheel members, preferably heated ones.
  • undrawn synthetic polymer filaments are heated and pulled under tension to pass once only between means causing the filaments to follow a sharply zig-zag path, the tension so imparted being such that the filaments are molecularly oriented, whereby the filaments are caused to adopt a permanently corrugated shape or crimp, said means having a component of motion in the mean direction of travel of the filaments at the points of contact therewith.
  • the undrawn filaments are advanced by feed rolls to pass in contact with and be heated by a heating means, such as a snubbing-pin or pins, from which means they are drawn by draw rolls under a total tension between said means and said draw rolls sufficient to orient their molecules, and whilst travelling between said means and said draw rolls and whilsthot, e.g. between 100 C. and 160 C., are pulled under tension to pass once only between the intermeshing teeth of a pair of toothed-wheel members rotated at a speed such that the filament speed on passage between the members is less than the surface speed of the draw rolls.
  • a heating means such as a snubbing-pin or pins
  • the feed rolls and draw rolls referred to may each comprise a main roll with its separator roll, or they may comprise a pair of nip rolls. If, however, nip rolls are employed for the draw rolls it is essential to have the teeth of the said toothed-Wheel members of an involute shape along their meshing sides, as the entire drawing tension will be concentrated at the toothed-wheel members in these circumstances, and involute teeth are essential to enable such tension to be applied without slip.
  • the process of the-invention may be carried out on the undrawn filaments as a distinct process, or as an intermediate stage of the extrusion and wind-up process.
  • the toothed-wheel members of the embodiment are maintained at a uniform temperature so that they shall not become gradually heated by contact from the hot filaments and thus be responsible for nonuniform crimping conditions along a length of the filaments. This may have to be achieved by a blast of air directed upwardly into their meshing area, or directed solely against one of the members.
  • the propensity to heat-up will however be less with stainless'steel than with brass members, although brass members may be preferred for general crimp quality.
  • the frequency of the crimp may be adjusted by altering the number of teeth per inch in the members, and the amplitude altered by increasing or decreasing the meshing engagement of the teeth.
  • the filaments themselves on emergence from the toothed-wheel members are desirably cooled to help set the crimp. This may be achieved by directing a blast of air directly on to them after their emergence, either with or without also impinging on to either or both of the members.
  • the fact that the filaments are pulled between the teeth of the toothed-wheel members under tension has two main advantages. Firstly, the crimp thereby imparted to the filaments is enhanced, compared with those processes in which the toothed-wheel members alone impart the whole drawing tension or in which already drawn filaments are passed between toothed-wheel members. Secondly, the apparatus is simplified compared with that required for the process in which the toothed-wheel members impart the whole drawing tension; and, because it is not necessary, as in the latter cases, to pass the filaments between the members with a plurality of passes, it is possible and simple to guard the members. and hence the apparatus is safer.
  • the former advantage appears to result from the facts that the continuous deformation of the filaments occurs whilst they are themselves under tension both leading towards and away from the toothed-wheel members; and that, with a single pass, there is less heating-up of the members by the filaments.
  • gear wheels as the toothed-wheel members; and gears of around 3 inches in diameter, with between about 7 and about 20 teeth per inch, are suitable for crimping heavy and medium denier multifilament nylon yarns.
  • involute teeth for the gears, as this shape allows for the driving of onegear by the other with a smooth transmission of rotary motion.
  • gear intermeshes of 35, 40 and thousandths of an inch have been employed with such involute teeth of thousandths of an inch depth.
  • the teeth may be regular in size and spacing around the gear; or, if novelty effects are required, the spacing may be irregular (the two gears being matched in this respect) or the amplitude of the teeth may be varied around the gear.
  • the teeth are helieally arranged around the periphery of the gear wheel, rather than with their tips parallel to the axis thereof. Preferably, with any shaped teeth, the tips are rounded.
  • the yarn may be led directly to the meshing area of the gears; or it may be led so as to make a partial wrap around the periphery of one gear before entering the meshing area.
  • the temperature of the yarn whilst being crimped is fairly critical. To be effective, the temperature must be at least about 100 C. for most synthetic polymer materials; and above about 140 C. the temperature appears to have no significant effect on the crimp in yarn of polyhexamethylene adipamide, and consequently economic and working conditions suggest that 140 C.-l60 C. should be the optimum range in practice. Naturally, the temperature of the heating means, such as a snubbing pin, will normally have to be slightly higher than the desired yarn temperature at crimping.
  • Example I The supply yarn was 3600 denier (undrawn) 68 filament multifilament yarn of polyhexamethylene adipamide, the filaments whereof had a triangular cross-section.
  • the apparatus employed was similar to that illustrated in the drawing, the snubbing pin being heated to 160 C. and the gear wheels being of 3-inch pitch diameter and having 150 involute teeth, 15 to the inch, one The whole depth of the teeth was 55 thousandths of an inch and the intermesh was 45 thousandths of an inch.
  • the circular tooth thickness at the pitch line was 30 thousandths of an inch; and the angle between the sides of adjacent teeth was 40.
  • the gear wheels were A, inch thick.
  • the carpet was piece-dyed, and the latent bulk of the crimped yarn was thereby developed.
  • the carpet had an excellent handle and cover.
  • Example II The apparatus employed in this instance was similar to that of Example I, save that the gears had 20 involute teeth to the inch.
  • the yarn was a multifilament yarn of polyhexamethylene adipamide, the filaments being of triangular crosssection, of 400 drawn denier.
  • the crimped, drawn yarn which had a skein length of 16 inches was knitted into a fabric with a full cardigan stitch, and the latent bulk of the yarn was developed during piece-dyeing.
  • the fabric had good stitch clarity, rib regularity, recovery from extension and depth of handle.
  • Example III Feed roll speed 286 feet/minute (surface speed). Gears speed 840 revolutions/ minute. Draw roll speed 1,000 feet/minute (surface speed). Draw ratio 3 5 The crimped, drawn yarn was very suitable for knitted outerwear.
  • Example IX The yarns were multifilament yarns of polyhexamethylene adipamide having 68 filaments of trilobal cross-section of 3600 denier in the undrawn state.
  • the yarn was heated by a wrap around a snubbing-pin heated to C. and brass gears having 38 straight-sided teeth with 7.1 teeth per linear inch were each independently driven and were cooled by a blast of air directed upwardly into their nip, the gear and roll speeds and the yarn speeds and tensions measured at the sundry positions along the threadline were as follows:
  • the yarn so drawn and crimped had the following properties making it suitable for use in carpets:
  • the skein length was measured by the conventional method in which a skein of yarn is made by winding 45 wraps on a 54-inch diameter wrap wheel under a tension just sufficient to straighten the yarn. The skein is then suspended in water at 60 C. and the skein length measured under a tension of 16 grams.
  • Crimp frequency is defined as the average of counts of the number of crirnps per inch under a tension of 1 milligram per denier.
  • polycaprolactam and polypropylene filaments may be so treated, in the latter instance heating of the feed rolls also being advantageous.
  • a heated plate may :be substituted, for instance. Again, more than one yarn may be passed simultaneously between the gear wheels, and the yarns either wound up together or separately.
  • a process for drawing and crimping synthetic polymer filaments comprising the steps of (a) positively advancing undrawn synthetic polymer filaments from a supply thereof, (b) heating said filaments. (c) subjecting said heated undrawn filaments to a drawing tension, (d) imparting a crimp to said heated filaments whilst they are hot and whilst they are under the drawing tension by passing them once only between means causing the filaments to follow a sharply zig-zag path, said means having a compoennt of motion in the mean direction of travel of the filaments at the points of contact therewith, and (e) pulling the crimped and drawn filaments under tension away from said means.
  • said means comprises a pair of intermeshing gear wheels.
  • a process for drawing and crimping synthetic polymer filaments comprising the steps of (a) imparting a regular planar crimp to said filaments whilst they are heated and whilst they are undergoing drawing, by passing them once only between means causing the filaments to follow a sharply zig zag path, said means having a component of motion in the mean direction of travel of the filaments at the points of contact therewith, (b) pulling the crimped and drawn filaments under tension away from said means, and (c) de-phasing said regular planar crimp by imparting a false twist to said crimped and drawn filaments. 5.
  • a process according to claim 4 in which the false twist is imparted by friction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
US338997A 1963-02-02 1964-01-20 Drawing and crimping synthetic polymer filaments Expired - Lifetime US3293843A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB4354/63A GB984922A (en) 1963-02-02 1963-02-02 Improvements in or relating to drawing and crimping synthetic polymer filaments

Publications (1)

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US3293843A true US3293843A (en) 1966-12-27

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US338997A Expired - Lifetime US3293843A (en) 1963-02-02 1964-01-20 Drawing and crimping synthetic polymer filaments

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US3293843A (de)
CH (1) CH430033A (de)
DE (1) DE1435357C3 (de)
ES (1) ES295682A1 (de)
GB (1) GB984922A (de)
LU (1) LU45328A1 (de)
NL (1) NL144676B (de)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3396445A (en) * 1967-06-01 1968-08-13 Stevens & Co Inc J P Method for texturizing yarns
US3408717A (en) * 1966-01-19 1968-11-05 Fiber Industries Inc Method for texturing synthetic polymer filaments
US3417446A (en) * 1965-11-16 1968-12-24 Ici Ltd Method and apparatus of gear crimp
US3461657A (en) * 1967-10-27 1969-08-19 Scragg & Sons Textile apparatus
US3462811A (en) * 1965-08-06 1969-08-26 Ici Ltd Method and apparatus for crimping yarn
US3636600A (en) * 1967-08-04 1972-01-25 American Enka Corp Apparatus for crimping and drawing yarn
US3833976A (en) * 1972-12-20 1974-09-10 Du Pont Process for texturing yarn by gear crimping
US3949041A (en) * 1974-01-17 1976-04-06 Schwarz Eckhard C A Method for texturing synthetic filament yarn
US4021520A (en) * 1973-03-17 1977-05-03 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for the manufacture of filament yarn having protruding filament ends
US4273823A (en) * 1978-10-27 1981-06-16 Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Gear crimped polyester yarns

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1552595A (en) * 1975-09-29 1979-09-19 Ici Ltd Drawing and crimping a synthetic yarn
EP0034439B1 (de) * 1980-02-18 1984-07-18 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Zahnradgekräuselte Effektgarne und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2030252A (en) * 1932-11-18 1936-02-11 Celanese Corp Manufacture of textile materials
US2321726A (en) * 1941-10-23 1943-06-15 Edward D Andrews Method of manufacturing thread
US2988799A (en) * 1956-09-24 1961-06-20 Burlington Industries Inc Process for treating yarns, filaments and fibers
US3024516A (en) * 1959-05-18 1962-03-13 Chemstrand Corp Apparatus for treating filament yarn
US3041706A (en) * 1960-11-17 1962-07-03 Monsanto Chemicals Apparatus for processing cold-drawable textile filaments
US3094834A (en) * 1959-07-03 1963-06-25 British Nylon Spinners Ltd Apparatus for simultaneously stretching and falsetwisting yarn
US3124628A (en) * 1960-11-07 1964-03-10 Method for producing twisted
US3192597A (en) * 1963-08-21 1965-07-06 Monsanto Co Yarn texturing apparatus and method

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2030252A (en) * 1932-11-18 1936-02-11 Celanese Corp Manufacture of textile materials
US2321726A (en) * 1941-10-23 1943-06-15 Edward D Andrews Method of manufacturing thread
US2988799A (en) * 1956-09-24 1961-06-20 Burlington Industries Inc Process for treating yarns, filaments and fibers
US3024516A (en) * 1959-05-18 1962-03-13 Chemstrand Corp Apparatus for treating filament yarn
US3094834A (en) * 1959-07-03 1963-06-25 British Nylon Spinners Ltd Apparatus for simultaneously stretching and falsetwisting yarn
US3124628A (en) * 1960-11-07 1964-03-10 Method for producing twisted
US3041706A (en) * 1960-11-17 1962-07-03 Monsanto Chemicals Apparatus for processing cold-drawable textile filaments
US3192597A (en) * 1963-08-21 1965-07-06 Monsanto Co Yarn texturing apparatus and method

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3462811A (en) * 1965-08-06 1969-08-26 Ici Ltd Method and apparatus for crimping yarn
US3417446A (en) * 1965-11-16 1968-12-24 Ici Ltd Method and apparatus of gear crimp
US3408717A (en) * 1966-01-19 1968-11-05 Fiber Industries Inc Method for texturing synthetic polymer filaments
US3396445A (en) * 1967-06-01 1968-08-13 Stevens & Co Inc J P Method for texturizing yarns
US3636600A (en) * 1967-08-04 1972-01-25 American Enka Corp Apparatus for crimping and drawing yarn
US3461657A (en) * 1967-10-27 1969-08-19 Scragg & Sons Textile apparatus
US3833976A (en) * 1972-12-20 1974-09-10 Du Pont Process for texturing yarn by gear crimping
US4021520A (en) * 1973-03-17 1977-05-03 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for the manufacture of filament yarn having protruding filament ends
US3949041A (en) * 1974-01-17 1976-04-06 Schwarz Eckhard C A Method for texturing synthetic filament yarn
US4273823A (en) * 1978-10-27 1981-06-16 Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Gear crimped polyester yarns

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES295682A1 (es) 1964-04-16
DE1435357C3 (de) 1981-07-02
NL6400825A (de) 1964-08-03
NL144676B (nl) 1975-01-15
LU45328A1 (de) 1964-03-31
GB984922A (en) 1965-03-03
CH430033A (de) 1967-02-15
DE1435357B2 (de) 1976-04-29
DE1435357A1 (de) 1968-12-19

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