US3287954A - Method for heating steel billets - Google Patents

Method for heating steel billets Download PDF

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Publication number
US3287954A
US3287954A US220447A US22044762A US3287954A US 3287954 A US3287954 A US 3287954A US 220447 A US220447 A US 220447A US 22044762 A US22044762 A US 22044762A US 3287954 A US3287954 A US 3287954A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
billets
burners
path
article
furnace
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US220447A
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English (en)
Inventor
Carlton F Schrader
Molnar Louis
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Inland Steel Co
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Inland Steel Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Inland Steel Co filed Critical Inland Steel Co
Priority to US220447A priority Critical patent/US3287954A/en
Priority to DK402963AA priority patent/DK103291C/da
Priority to CH1069663A priority patent/CH411015A/fr
Priority to SE9419/63A priority patent/SE345288B/xx
Priority to AT696163A priority patent/AT258334B/de
Priority to GB34149/63A priority patent/GB1061421A/en
Priority to LU44354D priority patent/LU44354A1/xx
Priority to ES0291242A priority patent/ES291242A1/es
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3287954A publication Critical patent/US3287954A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0081—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for slabs; for billets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/70—Furnaces for ingots, i.e. soaking pits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
    • F27B9/147—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving on an inclined floor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to methods for heating steel billets prior to hot rolling, and more particularly to a method for heating billets of steel containing tellurium, in a manner which avoids surface checking of the billets during hot rolling.
  • Steels containing tellurium have machinability characteristics superior to those of steels containing the same other ingredients but not containing tellurium.
  • Steel billets usually have a square or rectangular polygonal cross-section (e.g., inches by 5 inches) and are usually several feet in length.
  • Surface checking is manifest by small cracks in the billets during hot rolling, typically at the corners of the billets, and surface checking renders the resulting rolled steel article commercially unsalable.
  • a billet is an unfinished form of the resulting steel article
  • the billets Prior to hot rolling of billets into articles such as rounds, hexagons, or other polygonal shapes, the billets aresubjected to heating which typically comprises moving the billets through an elongated furnace heated by sets of burners, each burner set typically consisting of several burners.
  • the burners fire flames of combustible fuels such as oil or gas.
  • One set of burners may fireflame along ,a path parallel to the'path along which the billets move as they pass from one end to the furnace to another.
  • Another set of burners typically fires along an angular path toward the path of the billets so that when the burners are fully open the outer end portion of the flame from this latter set of burners (i.e., the flame end portion remote from the burners) impinges the billets as they move through the furnace. tion of a flame parallel to the billets does not impinge the billets.
  • Billets of steel not containing tellurium can be heated by a method utilizing flame impingement on the billets without harming the billets from the standpoint of surface checking during hot rolling.
  • billets of steel containing tellurium cannot be hot rolled without surface checking if the steel billets have been preheated by a method utilizing flame impingement or which causes an extremely rapid pick-up in b.t.u.s by the billets. If preheating with flame impingement is employed, a tellurium-steel billet will undergo surface checking during hot rolling no matter how low or how high the final temperature to which the billet is heated.
  • the final temperature to which thebillet is heated is usually determined by hot rolling considerations. More specifically, if the billet is too cold, difficulties are experienced in rolling. If the billet is too hot, hot shortness or brittleness during hot rolling can result. Hot shortness is a different type of rolling-manifest defect, not to be confused with surface checking.
  • the billets in order to avoid surface checking of billets composed of steel containing tellurium, the billets must be preheated utilizing a method without flame impingement against the billets or Which avoids a very rapid pick-up in b.t.u.s.
  • One method by which this may be accomplished is by employing only furnace burners firing along paths parallel to the path of movement of the billets as they move through the furnace; or, if furnace burners firing along paths intersecting the path of the moving billets are employed,these burners must be only partially open so that the flame from these burners is relatively
  • the outer end por- 3,287,954 Patented Nov. 29, 1966 short and does not impinge against the moving billets or cause a rapid pick-up of b.t.u.s in the moving billets.
  • an embodiment of a method for heating billets of steel containing tellurium, without surface checking during hot rolling, and in accordance with the present invention may be performed in an elongated furnace 10 including two sets of burners 11, 12, each set consisting of several burners, although only one is shown for purposes of illustration.
  • Tellurium-containing steel billets 13 are introduced into furnace 10 at one end 14 and are moved along the length of the furnace (from left to right as shown in the drawing) by conventional means, such as a ram (not shown), familiar to those skilled in the art.
  • the billets reach the far end of the furnace, designated by the numeral 16, they are discharged onto a rolling mill stand or roller means 17 which transport the billets 13 to the rolling mill rolls (not shown).
  • bottom burners 11 and top burners 12 may be heated by the flame from bottom burners 11 and top burners 12, all of which may be fired with oil, gas or other conventional fuel.
  • Bottom burners 11 fire along a path 18 substantially parallel to the path 15 along which the billets move.
  • Top burners 12 fire along an angular path 19 which intersects the path 15 of billets 13 so that the flame from burner 12 will impinge against or cause an extremely rapid b.t.u. pick-up in moving billets 13 if burners 12 are firing at full blast.
  • burners 12 are cut back so that they are only partially open, the flame from burners 12 will not extend so far thatit impinges against billets 13.
  • Heating the billets in a manner which avoids surface checking can be accomplished utilizing only parallel firing burners such as 11, all of which fire along a path parallel to the path of billets 13.
  • parallel firing burners 11 do not provide sufiicient rapidity of heating to fulfill commercial requirements
  • angular firing burners 12 also can be utilized, but only in a partially open condition, to provide additional heat in furnace 10. In a partially open condition, that is, one in which the flames from burners 12 do not extend far enough to impinge against billets 13, surface checking can be avoided to the same extent that it can be avoided if burners 12 are completely shut off.
  • thermocouples (20 and 21 in the drawing) were installed to measure the furnace temperature at the formers respective locations. After-the billets were discharged from the the flame Without cutting down the extent to which the burners are open.
  • the billets should be heated to a hot rolling tem- 5 perature in the range between about 1950 F. and 2050 F.
  • a tellurium-containing, as rolled steel article produced in accordance with the present invention has a relatively smooth surface (i.e., an unchecked surface free of when the latter has a polygonal cross-section.
  • tellurium-containing steels refers to a steel having the following typical range of elements:
  • top burner setting expressed as soft means no flame impingement on the billet.
  • tellurium-containing steels In addition to the above elements, 0.02-0.50 wt. percent leadis oftentimes used in conjunction with tellurium to in the term tellurium-containing steels refers to steels Burner Setting Furnace Temp. at Furnace Temp. at Temp. of heated Steel com- 1st thermocouple 2d thermocouple billet at first Surface condition position F. F. rolling mill stand, after hot rolling Top Bottom 2,260' avg 2, 20 avg 1,940 Surface got poorer 2,280 high- 2,240 highas furnace temp. 2,235 avg 2 10 avg.-- 1,850 increased. 2,250 high 2,220 high. .d0 .do B 2,180 avg 2, 10 av 1,930
  • the method of the present invention is not limited to employment in billet-heating furnaces such as those illustrated diagrammatically in the drawing.
  • the method may be employed in other billet-heating furnaces of the type illustrated on pages 4079 of The Making, Shaping and Treating of Steel, 7th edition, 1957, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa., the important considerations being the heating of the moving billets while avoiding flame impingement thereagainst.
  • a method for deterring surface checking on a hotworked article composed of tellurium-containing steel comprising the steps of:
  • a source of heat comprising a plurality of flames fired into said furnace along the length thereof; heating said article to a hot-working temperature as the article moves on said path through said furnace; said heating of the article being performed in its entirety without impingement of the outer end portion of any of said flames on the surface of said article;
  • At least one of said flames is fired parallel to said path.
  • At least one of said flames is fired along a path intersecting said path of the article
  • At least one of said flames is fired along a path intersecting said path of the article
  • said article is removed from said furnace when the temperature of the article is between 1950 F. and 2050 F.
  • each of said flames is fired along a path selected from the group consisting of a path parallel to the path of said article and a path intersecting the path of said article;
  • each of said flames being fired in a manner which avoids impingement of the outer end portion of the flame on the surface of the article.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Control Of Heat Treatment Processes (AREA)
US220447A 1962-08-30 1962-08-30 Method for heating steel billets Expired - Lifetime US3287954A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US220447A US3287954A (en) 1962-08-30 1962-08-30 Method for heating steel billets
DK402963AA DK103291C (da) 1962-08-30 1963-08-23 Fremgangsmåde til opvarmning af stålbarrer.
CH1069663A CH411015A (fr) 1962-08-30 1963-08-27 Procédé pour chauffer des brames ou billettes d'acier avec addition de tellure et four pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé
AT696163A AT258334B (de) 1962-08-30 1963-08-29 Verfahren zum Erhitzen von Blöcken oder Knüppeln aus tellurhaltigem Automatenstahl vor dem Warmwalzen
SE9419/63A SE345288B (fr) 1962-08-30 1963-08-29
GB34149/63A GB1061421A (en) 1962-08-30 1963-08-29 Method of and apparatus for heating steel billets
LU44354D LU44354A1 (fr) 1962-08-30 1963-08-30
ES0291242A ES291242A1 (es) 1962-08-30 1963-08-30 Procedimiento de caldeo de los lingotes o pletinas de acero

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US220447A US3287954A (en) 1962-08-30 1962-08-30 Method for heating steel billets

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3287954A true US3287954A (en) 1966-11-29

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US220447A Expired - Lifetime US3287954A (en) 1962-08-30 1962-08-30 Method for heating steel billets

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US3287954A (fr)
AT (1) AT258334B (fr)
CH (1) CH411015A (fr)
DK (1) DK103291C (fr)
ES (1) ES291242A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1061421A (fr)
LU (1) LU44354A1 (fr)
SE (1) SE345288B (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3710608A (en) * 1970-12-02 1973-01-16 Inland Steel Co Method for heating unfinished tellurium-containing steel articles before hot rolling
EP0045815A1 (fr) * 1980-08-11 1982-02-17 Inland Steel Company Produit semi-fini en acier et procédé pour sa fabrication
CN103667672A (zh) * 2013-12-05 2014-03-26 天津钢铁集团有限公司 一种抑制小方坯轴承钢加热弯钢的工艺方法

Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1902493A (en) * 1931-06-22 1933-03-21 Gen Electric Wire making process
US2133673A (en) * 1936-06-19 1938-10-18 Amco Inc Continuous heating furnace
US2199138A (en) * 1939-09-12 1940-04-30 Earl E Moore Heating metal slabs
US2338045A (en) * 1940-08-04 1943-12-28 American Steel & Wire Co Preparing metal for drawing operations
US2378338A (en) * 1943-02-19 1945-06-12 Carnegie Illinois Steel Corp Coating for and method of scale formation control on slabs and the like
US2388128A (en) * 1944-02-11 1945-10-30 Joseph C Eckel Alloy steel
US2406554A (en) * 1943-12-28 1946-08-27 Aluminum Co Of America Heating metal bodies preparatory to hot working
US2638334A (en) * 1948-01-29 1953-05-12 Jones John Frederick Robert Furnace for the heat treatment of materials
US2696378A (en) * 1951-08-13 1954-12-07 United States Steel Corp Method of heating steel slugs for forging or extrusion
US2708379A (en) * 1950-02-07 1955-05-17 United States Steel Corp Method of hot rolling stainless steel
US2756493A (en) * 1953-08-07 1956-07-31 Rolls Royce Forging with fusible coating
US2859323A (en) * 1956-10-29 1958-11-04 Magnethermic Corp Differential temperature measurement on billets
US2959506A (en) * 1958-08-04 1960-11-08 Carl M Carman Low alloy high tensile strength high impact strength steel
US2966349A (en) * 1957-01-24 1960-12-27 United States Steel Corp Method of heating objects

Patent Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1902493A (en) * 1931-06-22 1933-03-21 Gen Electric Wire making process
US2133673A (en) * 1936-06-19 1938-10-18 Amco Inc Continuous heating furnace
US2199138A (en) * 1939-09-12 1940-04-30 Earl E Moore Heating metal slabs
US2338045A (en) * 1940-08-04 1943-12-28 American Steel & Wire Co Preparing metal for drawing operations
US2378338A (en) * 1943-02-19 1945-06-12 Carnegie Illinois Steel Corp Coating for and method of scale formation control on slabs and the like
US2406554A (en) * 1943-12-28 1946-08-27 Aluminum Co Of America Heating metal bodies preparatory to hot working
US2388128A (en) * 1944-02-11 1945-10-30 Joseph C Eckel Alloy steel
US2638334A (en) * 1948-01-29 1953-05-12 Jones John Frederick Robert Furnace for the heat treatment of materials
US2708379A (en) * 1950-02-07 1955-05-17 United States Steel Corp Method of hot rolling stainless steel
US2696378A (en) * 1951-08-13 1954-12-07 United States Steel Corp Method of heating steel slugs for forging or extrusion
US2756493A (en) * 1953-08-07 1956-07-31 Rolls Royce Forging with fusible coating
US2859323A (en) * 1956-10-29 1958-11-04 Magnethermic Corp Differential temperature measurement on billets
US2966349A (en) * 1957-01-24 1960-12-27 United States Steel Corp Method of heating objects
US2959506A (en) * 1958-08-04 1960-11-08 Carl M Carman Low alloy high tensile strength high impact strength steel

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3710608A (en) * 1970-12-02 1973-01-16 Inland Steel Co Method for heating unfinished tellurium-containing steel articles before hot rolling
EP0045815A1 (fr) * 1980-08-11 1982-02-17 Inland Steel Company Produit semi-fini en acier et procédé pour sa fabrication
CN103667672A (zh) * 2013-12-05 2014-03-26 天津钢铁集团有限公司 一种抑制小方坯轴承钢加热弯钢的工艺方法
CN103667672B (zh) * 2013-12-05 2015-09-09 天津钢铁集团有限公司 一种抑制小方坯轴承钢加热弯钢的工艺方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1061421A (en) 1967-03-15
CH411015A (fr) 1966-04-15
AT258334B (de) 1967-11-27
SE345288B (fr) 1972-05-23
ES291242A1 (es) 1964-01-16
LU44354A1 (fr) 1963-10-30
DK103291C (da) 1965-12-13

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