US3287587A - High temperature fluorescent lamp with reflector having mercury amalgamative material on its electrode stems - Google Patents

High temperature fluorescent lamp with reflector having mercury amalgamative material on its electrode stems Download PDF

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US3287587A
US3287587A US422673A US42267364A US3287587A US 3287587 A US3287587 A US 3287587A US 422673 A US422673 A US 422673A US 42267364 A US42267364 A US 42267364A US 3287587 A US3287587 A US 3287587A
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lamp
reflector
mercury
fluorescent lamp
amalgamative
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US422673A
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Richard A Menelly
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GTE Sylvania Inc
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Sylvania Electric Products Inc
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Priority to US422673A priority Critical patent/US3287587A/en
Priority to DES55360U priority patent/DE1934678U/en
Priority to GB54907/65A priority patent/GB1084500A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/70—Lamps with low-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure < 400 Torr
    • H01J61/72—Lamps with low-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure < 400 Torr having a main light-emitting filling of easily vaporisable metal vapour, e.g. mercury
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J5/00—Details relating to vessels or to leading-in conductors common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J5/02—Vessels; Containers; Shields associated therewith; Vacuum locks
    • H01J5/12—Double-wall vessels or containers

Definitions

  • the illuminating eificiency of a fluorescent lamp drops off from its maximum as the pressure of'mercury vapor, .being dependent on temperature, varies above or below an optimum, typically about four microns at about 35 C. at the coolest part of the lamp envelope.
  • the lamp may be required to operate at temperatures considerably above 35 C. with a conse-.
  • One type of high thermal VHO lamp has a deposit of indium or other mercury-amalgamative metal on its inner wall in the form of a ring or spot which wets the glass wall and adheres thereto.
  • Mercury pressure in such a lamp is reduced by amalgamation of the vaporized mercury fill with the indium.
  • mercury vapor pressure is held below optimum. But, as the lamp environment approaches the anticipated abnormally high temperatures, the mercury evaporates from the indium alloy and reaches optimum pressure.
  • the high thermal VHO lamp described above very successfully achieves high light output in most high temperature illuminating fixtures where conventional lamps would operate at greatly lowered exciency.
  • some lamp installations require a very high level of light to be restricted within a close fitting compartment such as a reflector which greatly intensify the over heating problem.
  • the lamp within a photocopying machine the lamp must provide an intense, reliably uniform light for printing from the copy material to a sensitized record in a very short time. At the same time the lamp must be shielded from sensitized paper outside the printing zone. Hitherto it has been necessary to cool even high thermal lamps by forced ventilation. Otherwise the very high temperatures arising will heat the high thermal lamps above their elevated operating temperature.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a fluorescent lamp capable of efficient operation in the most severe high temperature environments.
  • a mercury filled fluorescent lamp comprises an elongate envelope, at least one stem sealing one end of the envelope, and a deposit of mercuryamalgamative metal on the surface of the stem within the end of the envelope, said end being adapted to be disposed in a cooler environment than the major lamp portion so as to promote amalgamation of the mercury fill and deposit and reduce the vapor pressure of the mercury fill, thereby to increase the light output of the major portion of the lamp.
  • FIG. 1 is an elevation, partly broken away of a photocopying machine with a fluorescent lamp according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of the lamp of FIG. 1.
  • the external housing 2 is required to exclude ambient light.
  • the lamp 1 is located within a compartment formed by a reflector .4 having curved side and upper walls 6 which concentrate light from the lamp .1
  • the reflector compartment 4 mustshield light from parts of the printing mechanism through which sensitive paper passes before and after the exposure, and thelamp 1 is therefor closely confined within the reflector compartment 4.
  • the lamp 1 comprises an elongate tubular glass envelope 11 having on its inner wall a coating 12 of phosphor. At each end of .the envelope are glass'stems 14 which seal the ends of the envelope. Emissive electrodeslS are mounted inwardly of the stem press on lead wires 16 extending through the stem press to terminal pins 17 insulatively mounted in bases 18.
  • the lamp is filled with a small amount of rare gas such as argon and neon at low pressure, for example, one or two millimeters, and a fill of mercury.
  • an alternating current is applied across the electrodes 15 sustaining an arc discharge therebetween through the mercury vapor within the envelope, thereby causing the vapor to emit ultraviolet light which excites the phosphor coating 12 to fluorescence, particularly along the major portion of the lamp between the electrodes 15.
  • the lamp temperature will rise and the mercury vapor pressure increase. If the vapor pressure were uncontrolled it would, in the close confines of the reflector compartment, soon exceed an optimum value and light output would drop oif.
  • a band 21 of indium or other mercury-amalgamative metal is deposited on one or both of the stems 14 in the end of the lamp between the electrode 15 and the base 17, and the lamp is mounted with the indium band in the lamp end disposed in the cooler compartment 23 of the housing adjacent ventilation openings 24 outside the hotter reflect-or compartment.
  • the lamp is supported by engagement of its terminal pins 17 in sockets 22 attached to the housing 2.
  • the indium may be deposited by heating the glass stem to a temperature of about 160 C. and rubbing a pellet of indium against the heated barrel portion of the stem.
  • indium band 21 in the cooler environment adjacent ventilation openings 24 outside the reflector compartment causes more mercury to condense and amalgamate with the indium than would do so in the major portion of the lamp within the reflector, and thus makes it possible for the indium to control the mercury vapor by holding it at or near the optimum value for high light output. Further, it makes such control possible without the necessity for forced ventilation.
  • Manufacture of the lamp is simplified by applying the indium to the glass stem rather than to the inside wall of the envelope 1. It is also assured that after lamp operation mercury will condense at the lamp ends rather than on the phosphor of the major illuminating portion of the lamp.
  • a mercury/ indium ratio of 1.2 by weight is used; for example 38 milligrams of indium and 45 milligrams of mercury.
  • Such lamps will operate at F. on the glass stem with 35% to 40% greater light output than a conventional lamp.
  • a high temperature fluorescent lamp installation comprising a housing, a light compartment Within said housing including a reflector, a mercury filled fluorescent lamp extending through said reflector with at least one end of the lamp outside said reflector, said lamp including a stem sealing said one lamp end and extending toward the other lamp end, and a deposit of mercury-amalgamative metal on a portion of the surface of said stern,
  • a photocopying machine comprising a housing, partition means including a reflector forming a light compartment within said housing, said partition means forming an outer compartment between the housing and light compartment, ventilation means communicating with and cooling said outer compartment, a mercury filled fluorescent lamp extending through said reflector with at least one end' of the lamp outside said reflector, said lamp including a stem sealing said one lamp end and extending toward the other lamp end, and a deposit of mercuryamalgamative metal on a portion of a surface at said lamp end, and means to support the lamp with said portion, whereby said deposit is exposed to a temperature lower than that of the lamp portion within the reflector so as to reduce the vapor pressure of the mercury by amalgamation therewith, thereby to increase the light output of the lamp portion Within the reflector.

Description

Nov. 22, 1966 R. A. MENELLY 3,287,587
HIGH TEMPERATURE FLUORESCENT LAMP WITH REFLECTOR HAVING MERCURY AMALGAMATIVE MATERIAL ON ITS ELECTRODE STEMS Filed Dec. 51, 1964 I NVEN TOR.
HIGH TEMPERATURE FLUORESCENT LAMP WITH REFLECTOR HAVING MERCURY AMALGAMATIVE MATERIAL N ITS ELEC- TRODE STEMS I Richard A. Menelly, Danvers, Mass., assignor to Sylvania Electric Products Inc., a corporation of Delaware Filed Dec. 31, 1964, Ser. No. 422,673 2 Claims. (Cl. 313-113) This invention relates .to high thermal, very high output (VHO) mercury vapor fluorescent lamps, and particularly to lamps for use in the light compartmentof photocopying apparatus.
As is well known, the illuminating eificiency of a fluorescent lamp, for example, drops off from its maximum as the pressure of'mercury vapor, .being dependent on temperature, varies above or below an optimum, typically about four microns at about 35 C. at the coolest part of the lamp envelope. -In many installations, particularly in ahrrost completely enclosed fixtures such as troffer fixtures, or where the ambient temperature rises very high at times, the lamp may be required to operate at temperatures considerably above 35 C. with a conse-.
quent reduction in efiiciency.
One type of high thermal VHO lamp has a deposit of indium or other mercury-amalgamative metal on its inner wall in the form of a ring or spot which wets the glass wall and adheres thereto. Mercury pressure in such a lamp is reduced by amalgamation of the vaporized mercury fill with the indium. At ordinary lamp temperatures mercury vapor pressure is held below optimum. But, as the lamp environment approaches the anticipated abnormally high temperatures, the mercury evaporates from the indium alloy and reaches optimum pressure.
The high thermal VHO lamp described above very successfully achieves high light output in most high temperature illuminating fixtures where conventional lamps would operate at greatly lowered exciency. However, some lamp installations require a very high level of light to be restricted within a close fitting compartment such as a reflector which greatly intensify the over heating problem. For example, within a photocopying machine the lamp must provide an intense, reliably uniform light for printing from the copy material to a sensitized record in a very short time. At the same time the lamp must be shielded from sensitized paper outside the printing zone. Hitherto it has been necessary to cool even high thermal lamps by forced ventilation. Otherwise the very high temperatures arising will heat the high thermal lamps above their elevated operating temperature.
The object of the present invention is to provide a fluorescent lamp capable of efficient operation in the most severe high temperature environments.
According to the invention a mercury filled fluorescent lamp comprises an elongate envelope, at least one stem sealing one end of the envelope, and a deposit of mercuryamalgamative metal on the surface of the stem within the end of the envelope, said end being adapted to be disposed in a cooler environment than the major lamp portion so as to promote amalgamation of the mercury fill and deposit and reduce the vapor pressure of the mercury fill, thereby to increase the light output of the major portion of the lamp.
For the purpose of illustration a typical embodiment of the invention is shown in the accompanying drawing in which:
FIG. 1 is an elevation, partly broken away of a photocopying machine with a fluorescent lamp according to the invention; and
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of the lamp of FIG. 1.
United States Patent() 3,287,587 "Patented Nov. 22', 1966 'Such mechanisms/and optics, illuminated by fluorescent lamps, are well known.
As is typical of .such machines the external housing 2 is required to exclude ambient light. :In addition the lamp 1 is located within a compartment formed by a reflector .4 having curved side and upper walls 6 which concentrate light from the lamp .1
onthe printing zone of .the copy feeding mechanism 3, and end walls 7. At the'same time the reflector compartment 4 mustshield light from parts of the printing mechanism through which sensitive paper passes before and after the exposure, and thelamp 1 is therefor closely confined within the reflector compartment 4.
As shown in FIGS. ,1 and 2 the lamp 1 comprises an elongate tubular glass envelope 11 having on its inner wall a coating 12 of phosphor. At each end of .the envelope are glass'stems 14 which seal the ends of the envelope. Emissive electrodeslS are mounted inwardly of the stem press on lead wires 16 extending through the stem press to terminal pins 17 insulatively mounted in bases 18. The lamp is filled with a small amount of rare gas such as argon and neon at low pressure, for example, one or two millimeters, and a fill of mercury. In operation an alternating current is applied across the electrodes 15 sustaining an arc discharge therebetween through the mercury vapor within the envelope, thereby causing the vapor to emit ultraviolet light which excites the phosphor coating 12 to fluorescence, particularly along the major portion of the lamp between the electrodes 15. During operation the lamp temperature will rise and the mercury vapor pressure increase. If the vapor pressure were uncontrolled it would, in the close confines of the reflector compartment, soon exceed an optimum value and light output would drop oif.
According to the present invention a band 21 of indium or other mercury-amalgamative metal is deposited on one or both of the stems 14 in the end of the lamp between the electrode 15 and the base 17, and the lamp is mounted with the indium band in the lamp end disposed in the cooler compartment 23 of the housing adjacent ventilation openings 24 outside the hotter reflect-or compartment. The lamp is supported by engagement of its terminal pins 17 in sockets 22 attached to the housing 2. The indium may be deposited by heating the glass stem to a temperature of about 160 C. and rubbing a pellet of indium against the heated barrel portion of the stem.
Location of the indium band 21 in the cooler environment adjacent ventilation openings 24 outside the reflector compartment causes more mercury to condense and amalgamate with the indium than would do so in the major portion of the lamp within the reflector, and thus makes it possible for the indium to control the mercury vapor by holding it at or near the optimum value for high light output. Further, it makes such control possible without the necessity for forced ventilation. Manufacture of the lamp is simplified by applying the indium to the glass stem rather than to the inside wall of the envelope 1. It is also assured that after lamp operation mercury will condense at the lamp ends rather than on the phosphor of the major illuminating portion of the lamp.
In a one foot lamp drawing 0.800 amperes a mercury/ indium ratio of 1.2 by weight is used; for example 38 milligrams of indium and 45 milligrams of mercury. Such lamps will operate at F. on the glass stem with 35% to 40% greater light output than a conventional lamp.
Other ratios of indium and mercury may be used in proportion to the power requirements and temperature environment of the particular lamp installation. Thus it will be understood that thepres ent invention includes all modifications and equivalents within the scope of the appended claims.
I claim: 7
1. A high temperature fluorescent lamp installation comprising a housing, a light compartment Within said housing including a reflector, a mercury filled fluorescent lamp extending through said reflector with at least one end of the lamp outside said reflector, said lamp including a stem sealing said one lamp end and extending toward the other lamp end, and a deposit of mercury-amalgamative metal on a portion of the surface of said stern,
and means to support the lamp with said portion outside said reflector, whereby said deposit is exposed to a temperature lower than that of the lamp portion within the reflector so as to reduce the vapor pressure ofthe mercury by amalgamation therewith,'thereby to increase the light output of the lamp portion within the reflector.
2. A photocopying machine comprising a housing, partition means including a reflector forming a light compartment within said housing, said partition means forming an outer compartment between the housing and light compartment, ventilation means communicating with and cooling said outer compartment, a mercury filled fluorescent lamp extending through said reflector with at least one end' of the lamp outside said reflector, said lamp including a stem sealing said one lamp end and extending toward the other lamp end, and a deposit of mercuryamalgamative metal on a portion of a surface at said lamp end, and means to support the lamp with said portion, whereby said deposit is exposed to a temperature lower than that of the lamp portion within the reflector so as to reduce the vapor pressure of the mercury by amalgamation therewith, thereby to increase the light output of the lamp portion Within the reflector.
References Cited by the Examiner JAMES W. LAWRENCE, Primary Examiner.
GEORGE N. WESTBY, S. D. SCHLOSSER,
Assistant Examiners.

Claims (1)

1. A HIGH TEMPERATURE FLUORESCENT LAMP INSTALLATION COMPRISING A HOUSING, A LIGHT COMPARTMENT WITHIN SAID HOUSING INCLUDING A REFLECTOR, A MERCURY FILLED FLUORESCENT LAMP EXTENDING THROUGH SAID REFLECTOR WITH AT LEAST ONE END OF THER LAMP OUTSIDE SAID REFLETOR, SAID LAMP INCLUDING A STEM SEALING SAID ONE LAMP END AND EXTENDING TOWARD THE OTHER LAMP END, AND A DEPOSIT OF MERCURY-AMALGAMATIVE METAL ON A PORTION OF THE SURFACE OF SAID STEM, AND MEANS TO SUPPORT THE LAMP WITH SAID PORTION OUTSIDE SAID REFLECTOR, WHEREBY SAID DEPOSIT IS EXPOSED TO A TEMPERATURE LOWER THAN THAT OF THE LAMP PORTION WITHIN THE REFLECTOR SO AS TO REDUCE THE VAPOR PRESSURE OF THE MERCURY BY AMALGAMATION THEREWITH, THEREBY TO INCREASE THE LIGHT OUTPUT OF THE LAMP PORTION WITHIN THE REFLECTOR.
US422673A 1964-12-31 1964-12-31 High temperature fluorescent lamp with reflector having mercury amalgamative material on its electrode stems Expired - Lifetime US3287587A (en)

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US422673A US3287587A (en) 1964-12-31 1964-12-31 High temperature fluorescent lamp with reflector having mercury amalgamative material on its electrode stems
DES55360U DE1934678U (en) 1964-12-31 1965-12-28 FLUORESCENT LAMP.
GB54907/65A GB1084500A (en) 1964-12-31 1965-12-28 A mercury vapour fluorescent lamp

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3373303A (en) * 1965-04-29 1968-03-12 Westinghouse Electric Corp Amalgam-containing fluorescent lamp with integral starting aid
US3504215A (en) * 1967-11-30 1970-03-31 Westinghouse Electric Corp Planar fluorescent lamp with integral amalgam type mercury-vapor pressure control component
US3548241A (en) * 1968-05-06 1970-12-15 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Method of incorporating an amalgam or an amalgam-forming metal in a lowpressure mercury discharge lamp,and lamp produced by such method
US3869772A (en) * 1974-04-25 1975-03-11 Gte Sylvania Inc Method of incorporating amalgam-forming material in a fluorescent lamp
US3898720A (en) * 1972-09-28 1975-08-12 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method of providing a fluorescent lamp stem with an integral mercury-vapor pressure regulating means

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2869011A (en) * 1954-03-02 1959-01-13 Philips Corp Electric incandescent lamp for motor-car lighting
GB861122A (en) * 1957-02-22 1961-02-15 Gen Electric Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to sodium vapour electric discharge lamps
US3007071A (en) * 1958-04-29 1961-10-31 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp
US3048737A (en) * 1960-02-23 1962-08-07 Westinghouse Electric Corp Gaseous discharge device and method

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2869011A (en) * 1954-03-02 1959-01-13 Philips Corp Electric incandescent lamp for motor-car lighting
GB861122A (en) * 1957-02-22 1961-02-15 Gen Electric Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to sodium vapour electric discharge lamps
US3007071A (en) * 1958-04-29 1961-10-31 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp
US3048737A (en) * 1960-02-23 1962-08-07 Westinghouse Electric Corp Gaseous discharge device and method

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3373303A (en) * 1965-04-29 1968-03-12 Westinghouse Electric Corp Amalgam-containing fluorescent lamp with integral starting aid
US3504215A (en) * 1967-11-30 1970-03-31 Westinghouse Electric Corp Planar fluorescent lamp with integral amalgam type mercury-vapor pressure control component
US3548241A (en) * 1968-05-06 1970-12-15 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Method of incorporating an amalgam or an amalgam-forming metal in a lowpressure mercury discharge lamp,and lamp produced by such method
US3898720A (en) * 1972-09-28 1975-08-12 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method of providing a fluorescent lamp stem with an integral mercury-vapor pressure regulating means
US3869772A (en) * 1974-04-25 1975-03-11 Gte Sylvania Inc Method of incorporating amalgam-forming material in a fluorescent lamp

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GB1084500A (en) 1967-09-20
DE1934678U (en) 1966-03-17

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