US3261838A - Quaternary ammonium salts of chrysanthemum acids - Google Patents

Description

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United 3,261,838 QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALTS F CHRYSANTHEMUM ACIDS Reginald L. Wakeman, Philadelphia, Pa., and Edward Griftin Shay, Belle Mead, N.J., assignors, by mesne assignments, to Milimaster Onyx Corporation, New York, N.Y., a corporation of New York No Drawing. Filed Apr. 23, 1964, Ser. No. 362,558 4 Claims. (Cl. 260-286) The object of the present invention is the preparation of relatively water-insoluble, microbiologically active compounds by reaction of certain quaternary ammonium hydroxides or their salts with chrysanthemum acids.

The products of this invention conform, in general, to the following structure:

wherein X may be a methyl group or a COOZ' group, and Z and Z are cations of microbiologically active quaternary ammonium compounds.

The chrysanthemum acids include chrysanthemum-- monocarboxylic acid and chrysanthemumdicarboxylic acid which are, respectively, 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-mthylpropenyl) propanecarboxylic acid and 3-carboxy-alpha-2,2- trimethyl cyclopropaneacrylic acid; they are components of pyrethrum and are also manufactured synthetically and are commercially available.

Typical examples of the quaternary ammonium compounds which may be used in this invention are the alkyl trimethyl ammonium chlorides, alkyl-benzyl trimethyl ammonium chlorides, alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chlorides, alkyl dimethyl menaphthyl ammonuim chlorides, alkyl dimethyl substituted-benzyl ammonium chlorides in which the benzyl radical is substituted with one or more side chains containing from 1 to 5 carbon atoms such, for example, as methyl, di-methyl, ethyl and the like and in which the carbon atoms may all be in the same or different side chains or in which the benzyl radical bears one, two or more halogen atoms such as chlorine or bromine, alkyl pyridinium chlorides, alkyl isoquinolinium chlorides and bromides, alkyl lower-alkyl pyrrolidinium chlorides, alkyl lower-alkyl monpholiniu-m chlorides in all of which the alkyl group may have from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and the lower-alkyl 'group may have from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and alkyl phenoxy ethoxy ethyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride in which the alkyl radical may also be iso-octyl or nonyl and in which the phenyl radical may, if desired, be substituted by a methyl radical. Various other analogs of these quaternanies may also be employed such, for example, as cetyl dimethyl ethyl ammonium bromide or oleyl dimethyl ethyl ammonium bromide.

In general, the quaternary ammonium compounds use- :ful in this invention are the higher alkyl quaternary ammonium hydroxides, halides (chlorides and bromides), sulfates, methosulfates and the like possessing the following formula:

RI I RIII where R is an alkyl or alkaralkyl radical containing from 8 to 22 carbon atoms or an alkyl .phenoxy ethoxy ethyl radical in which R is an alkyl radical containing from 8 to 9 carbon atoms and in which the phenyl radical may be substituted by a methyl group; R and R" are methyl or ethyl radicals or members of a heterocyclic ring sysat-exited July 19, 19185 tem such as pyridine, isoquiuoline, pyrrolidine and morpholine; R' is a methyl radical or a benzyl group or a substituted-benzyl group such, for example, as a monochlorobenzyl radical or a dichlorobenzyl radical or mix ture thereof or a methyl benzyl, dimethyl benzyl, ethyl benzyl, diethyl benzyl, isopropyl benzyl, tertiary butyl benzyl or another benzyl radical containing from 1 to 5 carbon atoms as side chains, either as a single side chain or a multiplicity of side chains including mixtures thereof or a menaphthyl group or hydrogenated menaphthyl group. When R and R" are members of a morpholine or pyrrolidine ring, R' is a methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl group. When R and R" are members of an unsaturated heterocyclic ring such as pyridine or isoquinoline, R is the same radical as R". X in the above 'formula corresponds to a halide radical such as chloride, bromide or iodide or to any other water-soluble anion such as methosulfate.

In general, we prefer to use such quaternary ammonium compounds which have a phenol coeflicient of at least with respect to both Staphylocofccus aureus and Salmonella typhosa at 20 C. when determined by the standard method given in the Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Ofiicial Agricultural Chemists, ninth edition (1960), page 63 et seq.

The compounds of this invention may be prepared by mixing aqueous solutions of the quaternary ammonium salts or hydroxides with an aqueous solution of chrysanthemurnmonocarboxylic or chrysanthemumdicarboxylic acid or with any of their water-soluble salts.

After thorough mixing, the organic product layer is separated from the aqueous layer (as with a separatory funnel) since two distinct phases are formed. Separation may be facilitated by the addition of an organic solvent immiscible with water. The product layer may be washed with water to remove any residual by-product salt or unreacted materials. The solvent, if any, may be evaporated and the product air or vacuum dried to a paste, wax, oil, or solid.

It is not necessary to use an aqueous medium. Any solvent or solvent mixture in which the starting materials are soluble will be satisfactory. Non-aqueous solvents facilitate the separation of byproduct inorganic salt and reduce the need for vacuum drying to get an anhydrous product. When a non-aqueous medium is employed, it is usually necessary to add a small amount of water to facilitate ionic reaction.

The product may be used, if desired, without drying since any entrapped water is irrelevant to the microbiological activity of the compounds. In other applications, removal of water may be essential for reasons not related to biological activity.

An alternative method for the preparation of compounds especially applicable to the tpeat nent of fabric, ropes,

r dl -woven, fabr and reticulated 'orconvoluted materials involves a two-step process'l"lntlie first step, the material is passed through a bath containing the anionic moiety. Excess solution is removed by methods well known to those skilled in the art. The treated material is then passed through a second bath wherein the concentration of quaternary ammonium compound is such that the material pickup will result in an equivalent amount of quaternary ammonium compound reacting with the anionic moiety, depositing the product in the most intimate way on the surface and in the interstices, convolutions and reticulations of the material.

The method of adjustment of solution concentration to achieve the required pickup is well known to those skilled in the art. The order of treatment may be reversed Without affecting the biological activity or durability of the product on the material. The products of this invention may be formulated as water dispersions by disdiillliCH RQ'Giil solving them in a water miscible organic solvent such as acetone or methanol and diluting with Water or by dissolving them in emulsifiable oils such, for example, as sulfonated castor oil or pine oil and diluting with water. In preparing aqueous dispersions, emulsifying agents such, for example, as ethylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols may be used with or without organic solvents.

It is surprising that the compounds of this invention exhibit high microbiological activity despite their relative insolubility in water. Because of their unusual combination of phsyical and microbiological properties, they can be used to impart laundry-resistant anti-microbial characteristics to textiles. They can also be used as the active agent in antimildew finishes for textiles which are resistant to leaching with water.

Although the compounds have low water solubility, they are compatible with various organic solvents, plasticizers and high molecular weight compounds. Consequently, they may be incorporated as anti-microbial agents in synthetic resins and plastics. The compounds are compatible with natural and synthetic rubber latices. Therefore, they may be used to prepare bacteriostatic films and molded objects deposited from such latices.

The compounds can be incorporated into cutting and grinding fluids Without precipitation. Also, they blend well with non-ionic and anionic surface active agents. In such compositions they retain their microbiological activity.

It will be understood that the properties of the products described herein will vary depending upon the nature of the cationic quaternary ammonium compound used in their preparation as well as the anionic compound reacted therewith.

The chemical, physical and biological properties of the products of our invention make them especially appropriate for the following applications when suitably incorporated in active amounts in an appropriate vehicle, binder, medium or substrate:

(1) Mildewproofing fabric, canvas, ropes, textiles, awnings, sails, tenting and other woven and non-woven reticulated materials.

(2) Paint rnildewstats.

(3) Jet plane fuel additive to control growth of microorganisms.

(4) Odor preservative agents for clothes and shoes.

(5 Mildew retardant and odor suppressant for shoes and other leather products.

(6) Topical antiseptics.

(7) Antidandruff agents.

(8) Disinfection agents for hair and gut of man and beast.

(9) Bacteriostatic furniture dressing.

(10) Surface finishes for stone, plaster, tile, cement, brick and other inorganic building materials to retard growth of microorganisms, fungi, mold and algae.

(11) Wool preservative.

(12) Plant and tree spray to combat fungi.

(13) Antimycotic agents for soap wrappers.

(14) Self-sanitizing brushes.

(15) Mildewproofing agent in and on plastic and film.

(16) Mildewproofing of cellulosics, cardboard, fibreboard,

paper and cordage.

(17) Contact biostat for application to film, waxes and cloth to preserve cheese, meats and vegetables and other food products.

(18) Algal inhibition, especially on surfaces and in solution where low foaming is desirable.

(19) Paper pulp slime control.

(20) Sanitizing agent for rug, carpet, curtains.

(21) Egg preservation.

(22) Adhesive preservation.

(23) Preservation of latex paints.

(24) Preservation of metal-working compounds.

(25) Additives for soap and for both anionic and nonanionic detergents in liquid, bar, powder, bead, solution and other forms to impart bacteriostatic and fungistatic properties thereto.

(26) Bacteriostatic agents for household laundry soften- (27) Algastat and bacteriostat in recirculated water for cooling towers, air conditioners and humidifiers.

(28) Bacteriostat and algastat for flood waters and brines used in secondary oil recovery.

(29) Fungistat for seed and soil treatment against damping-otf.

The microbiological activity of our compounds has been evaluated for microbiological stasis by the Standard Tube Dilution Test, the technique for which is common knowledge to those skilled in the art. A Difco Bacto CSMA Broth #0826 was used in the study. This test is used to determine the lowest concentration of microbiologically active compounds which will inhibit the growth of the organism in question. For a wide range of applications, the inhibition of growth rather than outright kill is satisfactory.

Briefly put, the Tube Dilution Test consists in placing 9 cc. of the CSMA Broth in a test tube which is then sterilized in an autoclave. One cc. solution of the microbiologically active compound at an appropriate concentration is added to the test tube which is then inoculated with 0.1 cc. of a twenty-four hour old culture of the organism under study. The test tube is then incubated at 37 C. for forty-eight hours and observed for bacterial growth.

The same procedure is followed for fungi. In such tests, however, the tubes are incubated for fourteen days at a temperature suitable for optimum fungal growth, usually 25 C.

This invention is illustrated by, but not restricted to, the following examples:

Example I The potassium salt of chrysanthemummonocarboxylic acid was obtained by saponifying its ethyl ester with potassium hydroxide. A stock solution of the salt in water was prepared at 40% concentration by weight. An aliquot of this solution containing 0.155 molecular weight of the salt was agitated vigorously while adding a chemically equivalent amount of a 10% solution of a commercial grade of alkyl dimethyl ethyl-benzyl ammonium chloride (Onyx Chemical Corporations ETC-471 in which the alkyl distribution is 50% C 30% C 17% C 3% C The mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel wherein it separated into two phases. The organic product layer was removed and dried in vacuo to yield the alkyl dimethyl ethyl-benzyl ammonium salt of 2,2-dimethyl-3- (2-methylpropenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid as a viscous brown liquid in 98% of the theoretical yield.

Example 11 To an aliquot of the stock solution of potassium salt of ehrysanthemummonocarboxylic acid of Example I was added, while agitating vigorously, a chemically equivalent amount of a 10% solution of a commercial grade of alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (Onyx Chemical Corporations BTC-824 in which the alkyl distribution IS C14, C16, C12, C13). A small amount of benzene was added to facilitate phase separation. The organic product layer was separated and dried to yield 96% of the theoretical of the alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium salt of 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropenyl) cyclopropanecarboxylic acid as a viscous brown liquid.

Example III In a similar manner, an aliquot of the solution of the chrysanthemummonocarboxylic acid salt was reacted with a chemically equivalent amount of an aqueous-alcohol solution of a commercial grade of alkyl isoquinolinium bromide (Onyx Chemical Corporations Isothan Q-75 in which the alkyl distribution is 50% C 30% C 17% C 3% C The reaction mixture was heated to evaporate off the alcohol; a small quantity of benzene was added and the mixture transferred to a separatory funnel. The organic product layer was removed and vacuum dried. The product, the alkyl isoquinolinium salt of 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropenyl) cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, was recovered in the theoretical yield as a dark brown viscous liquid.

Example IV Using the Standard Tube Dilution Test described above, the following bacteriostatic levels were determined. (S.a.=StaphyI0c0ccus aureus, S.t.==Salm0nlella typhosa, A.n.=Aspergillus niger.)

1. A quaternary ammonium compound having the structure:

wherein X is selected from the group consisting of a methyl group and a COOZ group and Z and Z are cations of a microbiologically active quaternary ammonium compound having a phenol coefficient of at least with respect to both Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhosa at 20 C. and having at least one alkyl of 8 to 22 carbon atoms on the quaternary nitrogen.

22. The alkyl dimethyl ethyl-benzyl ammonium salt of 2,2-dimethyl-3-(Z-methylpropenyl) cyclopropanecarboxylic acid wherein the alkyl has 8 to 22 carbon atoms.

3. The alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium salt of 2,2-dimethyl 3 (Z-methylpropenyl) cyclopropanecarboxylic acid wherein the alkyl has 8 to 22 carbon atoms.

4. The alkyl isoquinolinium salt of 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2- methylpropenyl) cyclopropanecarboxylic acid wherein the alkyl has 8 to 22 carbon atoms.

References Cited by the Examiner Kastenbaum: The Effect of Chrysanthemummonocarboxylic Acid Upon Respiratory Pathways, Dissertation Abstr. 20, 1129 (1959).

Swartz: Surface Active Agents and Detergents, vol. II, Interscience, 1958, pages 211, 220 and 222 relied upon.

ALEX MAZEL, Primary Examiner.

HENRY R. JILES, NICHOLAS S. RIZZO, Examiners.

D. G. DAUS, Assistant Examiner.

Claims (2)

1. A QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUND HAVING THE STRUCTURE:

4. THE ALKYL ISOQUINOLINUM SALT OF 2,2-DIMETHYL-3-(2METHYLPROPNYL) CYCLOPROPANECARBOXYLIC ACID WHEREIN THE ALKYL HAS 8 TO 22 CARBON ATOMS.