US3197846A - Process for manufacturing a watchdial with hour-signs applied in relief - Google Patents

Process for manufacturing a watchdial with hour-signs applied in relief Download PDF

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US3197846A
US3197846A US789913A US78991359A US3197846A US 3197846 A US3197846 A US 3197846A US 789913 A US789913 A US 789913A US 78991359 A US78991359 A US 78991359A US 3197846 A US3197846 A US 3197846A
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dial
major surface
indicia
relief
face
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Vogt Andre
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B19/00—Indicating the time by visual means
    • G04B19/06—Dials
    • G04B19/10—Ornamental shape of the graduations or the surface of the dial; Attachment of the graduations to the dial
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49579—Watch or clock making
    • Y10T29/49583—Watch or clock making having indicia, face, or dial
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4981—Utilizing transitory attached element or associated separate material

Definitions

  • Dials with the hour-numerals applied in relief are generally prepared by affixing the numerals or other indicia one by one to the blank from which the dial is to be made.
  • each indicium requires a separate tool of its own shape.
  • the indicium is glued, welded or screwed to the blank, or fixed to it by legs attached to the indicium itself. Making these numerals and affixing them one by one is costly, both because of the time it takes and because of the tools required.
  • Another known procedure is to prepare the hour-numerals in one piece, for example by cutting them out from a sheet of the chosen material in such a way that they are all joined together by a thin filament and can then be placed in position in a one-stage operation.
  • This process is less costly than the first, but the numerals cannot be separated from each other, i.e. the filament joining them remains.
  • the aim of the present invention is to eliminate these disadvantages.
  • the drawing shows, by way of example, one way of carrying out the process forming the object of this invention.
  • FIGURES 1 and la show respectively the striking face and a cross-section of a die or stamp, or the bottom of a mould, used for making the casting.
  • FIGURES 2 and 2a show respectively the face and a cross-section of the casting produced by the instrument illustrated in FIGURE 1.
  • FIGURE 3 illustrates one stage of the procedure.
  • the instrument shown in FIG. 1 may be a die or stamp whose striking face 1 bears all the hour-indicia in intaglio, shaped and arranged, and therefore legibie, as they will eventually be on the finished dial.
  • This stamp is used to stamp the casting 2, consisting of a sheet of the metal of which the indicia are to be made.
  • the resultant casting is as shown in FIGURE 2, in which it is seen that the indicia are inverted.
  • the instrument of FIGURE 1 may be one of the elements bottom of a mould into which one pours or injects the constituent substance of the casting, which will again appear as in FIGURE 2.
  • the casting obtained by either of these procedures constitutes a holding tool which presents a surface 2 on which the hour-indicia which may be markers of conventional or unconventional character, though in the drawings these hour-indicia has been illustrated by the numerals 3, 9 and 12 (the intermediate numerals having been omitted), and the numerals 3, 9 and 12 being identified by the reference characters a, b and 0.
  • These hour-markers as shown in FIG. 2a stand out in relief. If necessary, the facing of the numerals is flattened by, for example, grinding.
  • the side of the casting with the indicia in relief is then applied to the upper surface of a blank 3, which is to compose the watch-face and which is already in its final finished state or requiring only the finishing touches.
  • the hour-indicia numerals are affixed to this blank (they may, for example, be glued on or welded on) and the combination 2, 3 is then machined by lathe, grinding wheel or a mechanical cutter to remove the constituent material of the casting 2. This done, there remains the blank 3, with the hour-indicia numerals attached in the desired shape and arrangement.
  • the machined surfaces of the signs are polished and the dial finished off in the usual way.
  • a small Welding projection could be made at the base of each indicia as indicated at 4 in FIGURE 2a.
  • This projection could be made by means of a corresponding hollow in each of the numerals on the instrument as illustrated in FIGURE 1a. If the contact faces of each projection have an even surface and if the intensity of the current, the pressure and time taken for Welding are properly chosen, the projections can be fused in such a way that the melted metal will not overflow the base of the indicia.
  • the method constituting the object of the present in- .Vention further permits the manufacture of dials with hour-indicia applied in plastic material, it being possible to stamp or mould the casting in such material.
  • a method of manufacturing a small watch dial having indicia in relief on the face of the dial comprising, providing a dial having a major surface corresponding to the face of the dial, finishing said major surface to substantially finished state, making a holding tool comprising a holding portion having a plurality of integral mirrorimage indicia in relief thereon to be secured to said dial face, positioning said holding tool on said major surface of said dial with said indicia in contact with said major surface, bonding said indicia to said major surface while maintaining said substanially finished state of all exposed portions of said major surface of the dial, and mechanically removing said holding portion from said indicia thereby to leave only said indicia bonded to said dial major surface.
  • a method of manufacturing a small watch dial having indicia in relief on the face of the dial comprising, providing a dial having a major surface corresponding to the face of the dial, finishing said major surface to substantially finished state, casting a holding tool comprising a plate having at least one integral mirror-image indicium in relief thereon to be secured to said dial face, positioning said holding tool on said major surface of said dial with said indicium in contact with said major surface, securing said indicium to said major surface while confining the weld to the area of said surface covered by said indicium and maintaining said substantially finished state of all exposed portions of said major surface of the dial, and mechanicaliy removing said plate from said indicium thereby to leave only said indicium welded to said dial major surface.
  • a method of manufacturing a small Watch dial having indicia in relief on the face of the dial comprising, providing a dial having a major surface corresponding to the face of the dial, finishing said major surface to substantially finished state, stamping a holding tool comprising a plate having at least one integral mirror-image indicium in relief thereon to be secured to said dial face, positioning said holding tool on said major surface of said dial with said indicium in contact with said major surface, welding said indicium to said major surface while confining the Weld to the area of said surface covered by said indicium and maintaining said substantially finished state of all exposed portions of said major surface of the dial, and mechanically removing said plate from said indicium thereby to leave only said indicium secured to said dial major surface.
  • a method of manufacturing a small watch dial having indicia in relief on the face of the dial comprising, providing a dial having a major surface corresponding to the face of the dial, finishing said major surface to substantially finished state, making a holding tool comprising a plate making at least one integral mirror-image indicium in relief thereon and having a protrustion extending from'and of lesser area than the base of said indicium adapted to be secured to said dial face, positioning said holding tool on said major surface of said dial with said protrusion in contact with said major surface, welding said protrusion to said major surface while confining the weld to the area of said surface covered by said indicium and maintaining said substantially finished state of all exposed portions of said major surface of the dial, and mechanically removing said plate from said indicium thereby to leave only said indicium secured to said dial major surface.
  • a method of manufacturing a small watch dial having indicia in relief on the face of the dial comprising, providing a dial having a major surface corresponding to the face of the dial, finishing said surface to a substantially finished state, making a holding tool comprising a plate having a plurality integral, angularly spaced mirrorimage indicia in relief thereon and each indicia having a protrusion extending from and of lesser area than the base thereof adapted tobe secured to said dial face, positioning said holding tool on said major surface of said dial with said protrusions in contact with said major surface, welding said protrusions to said major surface whereby said protrusions prevent overflow of metal beyond the base of the associated indicia, and mechanically removing said plate from said indicia thereby to leave only said indicia secured to said dial major surface.
  • a method of manufacturing a small watch dial having indicia in relief on the face of the dial comprising, providing a dial of a relatively thin material and having a major surface corresponding to the face of the dial, finishing said major surface to substantially finished state,
  • a method of manufacturing a small watch dial having indicia in relief on the face of the dial comprising,- providing a dial having a major surface corresponding to the face of the dial, finishing said major surface to substantially finished state, making a holding tool of a material different than said dial and having a plurality of integral mirror-image indicia in relief thereon in fixed positions and to be secured to said dial face, positioning said holding tool on said major surface in fixed relative positions representative of hourly indications on said dial,

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Description

3,197,846 DIAL WITH IN RELIEF Aug. 3, 1965 A. VOGT PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A WATCH- HOUR-SIGNS APPL Filed Jan.
IED 29,
FIG. la
United States Patent PROQESS F011 MAN UFACTURWG A WATQH- DIAL WITH HOUR-SlGNS APPLIED IN RELEEF Andr Vogt, 20 Rue Jolimout, La Chaux-de-Fonds,
N euehatel, Switzeriand Filed Jan. 29, 1959, Ser. No. 789,913 Claims priority, application Switzerland, Feb. 18, 1958,
0 9 Claims. for. 29-177 Dials with the hour-numerals applied in relief are generally prepared by affixing the numerals or other indicia one by one to the blank from which the dial is to be made. For this procedure each indicium requires a separate tool of its own shape. The indicium is glued, welded or screwed to the blank, or fixed to it by legs attached to the indicium itself. Making these numerals and affixing them one by one is costly, both because of the time it takes and because of the tools required. Another known procedure is to prepare the hour-numerals in one piece, for example by cutting them out from a sheet of the chosen material in such a way that they are all joined together by a thin filament and can then be placed in position in a one-stage operation. This process is less costly than the first, but the numerals cannot be separated from each other, i.e. the filament joining them remains. The aim of the present invention is to eliminate these disadvantages. It consists in a process for manufacturing a watch-face with the hourindicia applied in relief, the essentials of the method being as follows: An instrument bearing the hour-indicia in intaglio, and in the shape and arrangement which they will have on the finished dial, is used to prepare a casting consisting of a blank with the hour-indicia in relief, but in the inverse of their normal shape and arrangement. The surface of this cast bearing the indicia in relief is applied to the blank from which the dial is to be made. The indicia are aflixed to this blank and the blank removed from the cast by mechanical means, so as to separate the indica from each other.
The drawing shows, by way of example, one way of carrying out the process forming the object of this invention.
FIGURES 1 and la show respectively the striking face and a cross-section of a die or stamp, or the bottom of a mould, used for making the casting.
FIGURES 2 and 2a show respectively the face and a cross-section of the casting produced by the instrument illustrated in FIGURE 1.
FIGURE 3 illustrates one stage of the procedure.
The instrument shown in FIG. 1 may be a die or stamp whose striking face 1 bears all the hour-indicia in intaglio, shaped and arranged, and therefore legibie, as they will eventually be on the finished dial. This stamp is used to stamp the casting 2, consisting of a sheet of the metal of which the indicia are to be made. The resultant casting is as shown in FIGURE 2, in which it is seen that the indicia are inverted. Alternatively, the instrument of FIGURE 1 may be one of the elements bottom of a mould into which one pours or injects the constituent substance of the casting, which will again appear as in FIGURE 2.
The casting obtained by either of these procedures constitutes a holding tool which presents a surface 2 on which the hour-indicia which may be markers of conventional or unconventional character, though in the drawings these hour-indicia has been illustrated by the numerals 3, 9 and 12 (the intermediate numerals having been omitted), and the numerals 3, 9 and 12 being identified by the reference characters a, b and 0. These hour-markers as shown in FIG. 2a stand out in relief. If necessary, the facing of the numerals is flattened by, for example, grinding. The side of the casting with the indicia in relief is then applied to the upper surface of a blank 3, which is to compose the watch-face and which is already in its final finished state or requiring only the finishing touches. The hour-indicia numerals are affixed to this blank (they may, for example, be glued on or welded on) and the combination 2, 3 is then machined by lathe, grinding wheel or a mechanical cutter to remove the constituent material of the casting 2. This done, there remains the blank 3, with the hour-indicia numerals attached in the desired shape and arrangement. The machined surfaces of the signs are polished and the dial finished off in the usual way.
To facilitate electric resistance welding and to prevent melted metal from spurting around the base of the numerals, which would spoil the appearance of the dial, a small Welding projection could be made at the base of each indicia as indicated at 4 in FIGURE 2a. This projection could be made by means of a corresponding hollow in each of the numerals on the instrument as illustrated in FIGURE 1a. If the contact faces of each projection have an even surface and if the intensity of the current, the pressure and time taken for Welding are properly chosen, the projections can be fused in such a way that the melted metal will not overflow the base of the indicia.
In addition to the hour-indicia, decorative motifs in relief could also be placed on the dial at the same time, simply by imparting their imprint in intaglio to the instrurnent used for making the casting.
The method constituting the object of the present in- .Vention further permits the manufacture of dials with hour-indicia applied in plastic material, it being possible to stamp or mould the casting in such material.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:
1. A method of manufacturing a small watch dial having indicia in relief on the face of the dial comprising, providing a dial having a major surface corresponding to the face of the dial, finishing said major surface to substantially finished state, making a holding tool comprising a holding portion having a plurality of integral mirrorimage indicia in relief thereon to be secured to said dial face, positioning said holding tool on said major surface of said dial with said indicia in contact with said major surface, bonding said indicia to said major surface while maintaining said substanially finished state of all exposed portions of said major surface of the dial, and mechanically removing said holding portion from said indicia thereby to leave only said indicia bonded to said dial major surface.
2. A method according to claim 1 in which said indicia are bonded to said major surface by gluing.
3. A method according to claim 1 in which said indicia are bonded to said major surface by Welding.
4. A method of manufacturing a small watch dial having indicia in relief on the face of the dial comprising, providing a dial having a major surface corresponding to the face of the dial, finishing said major surface to substantially finished state, casting a holding tool comprising a plate having at least one integral mirror-image indicium in relief thereon to be secured to said dial face, positioning said holding tool on said major surface of said dial with said indicium in contact with said major surface, securing said indicium to said major surface while confining the weld to the area of said surface covered by said indicium and maintaining said substantially finished state of all exposed portions of said major surface of the dial, and mechanicaliy removing said plate from said indicium thereby to leave only said indicium welded to said dial major surface.
5. A method of manufacturing a small Watch dial having indicia in relief on the face of the dial comprising, providing a dial having a major surface corresponding to the face of the dial, finishing said major surface to substantially finished state, stamping a holding tool comprising a plate having at least one integral mirror-image indicium in relief thereon to be secured to said dial face, positioning said holding tool on said major surface of said dial with said indicium in contact with said major surface, welding said indicium to said major surface while confining the Weld to the area of said surface covered by said indicium and maintaining said substantially finished state of all exposed portions of said major surface of the dial, and mechanically removing said plate from said indicium thereby to leave only said indicium secured to said dial major surface.
6. A method of manufacturing a small watch dial having indicia in relief on the face of the dial comprising, providing a dial having a major surface corresponding to the face of the dial, finishing said major surface to substantially finished state, making a holding tool comprising a plate making at least one integral mirror-image indicium in relief thereon and having a protrustion extending from'and of lesser area than the base of said indicium adapted to be secured to said dial face, positioning said holding tool on said major surface of said dial with said protrusion in contact with said major surface, welding said protrusion to said major surface while confining the weld to the area of said surface covered by said indicium and maintaining said substantially finished state of all exposed portions of said major surface of the dial, and mechanically removing said plate from said indicium thereby to leave only said indicium secured to said dial major surface.
7. A method of manufacturing a small watch dial having indicia in relief on the face of the dial comprising, providing a dial having a major surface corresponding to the face of the dial, finishing said surface to a substantially finished state, making a holding tool comprising a plate having a plurality integral, angularly spaced mirrorimage indicia in relief thereon and each indicia having a protrusion extending from and of lesser area than the base thereof adapted tobe secured to said dial face, positioning said holding tool on said major surface of said dial with said protrusions in contact with said major surface, welding said protrusions to said major surface whereby said protrusions prevent overflow of metal beyond the base of the associated indicia, and mechanically removing said plate from said indicia thereby to leave only said indicia secured to said dial major surface.
8. A method of manufacturing a small watch dial having indicia in relief on the face of the dial comprising, providing a dial of a relatively thin material and having a major surface corresponding to the face of the dial, finishing said major surface to substantially finished state,
making a holding tool of a material different than said dial and having at least one integral mirror-image, indicium in relief thereon to be secured to said dial face, positioning said holding tool on said major surface of said dial with said indicium in contact with said major surface in and extending inwardly from the outer periphery of said dial in a fixed position, welding said indicium to said major surface in said fixed position while confining the weld to the area of said surface covered by said indicium and maintaining said substantially finished state of all exposed portions of said major surface of the dial, and mechanically removing said tool from said indicium thereby to leave only said indicium secured to said dial major surface in relief.
9. A method of manufacturing a small watch dial having indicia in relief on the face of the dial comprising,- providing a dial having a major surface corresponding to the face of the dial, finishing said major surface to substantially finished state, making a holding tool of a material different than said dial and having a plurality of integral mirror-image indicia in relief thereon in fixed positions and to be secured to said dial face, positioning said holding tool on said major surface in fixed relative positions representative of hourly indications on said dial,
welding said indicia to said major surface in said positions while confining the Welds to the areas of said surface covered by said indicium and maintaining said substantially finished state of all exposed portions of said major surface of the dial, and mechanically removing said tool from said indicia thereby to leave only said indicia welded to said dial major surface in relief.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS WHITMORE A. WILTZ, Primary Examiner. CARL F. KRAFFT, NEDWIN BERGER, Examiners.

Claims (1)

1. A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A SMALL WATCH DIAL HAVING INDICIA IN RELIEF OF THE FACE OF THE DIAL COMPRISING, PROVIDING A DIAL HAVING A MAJOR SURFACE CORRESPONDING TO THE FACE OF THE DIAL, FINISHING SAID MAJOR SURFACE TO SUBSTANTIALLY FINISHED STATE, MAKING A HOLDING TOOL COMPRISING A HOLDING PORTION HAVING A PLURALITY OF INTEGRAL MIRRORIMAGE INDICIA IN RELIEF THEREON TO BE SECURED TO SAID DIAL FACE, POSITIONING SAID HOLDING TOOL ON SAID MAJOR SURFACE OF SAID DIAL WITH SAID INDICIA IN CONTACT WITH SAID MAJOR SURFACE, BONDING SAID INDICIA TO SAID MAJOR SURFACE WHILE MAINTAINING SAID SUBSTANIALLY FINISHED STATE OF ALL EXPOSED PORTIONS OF SAID MAJOR SURFACE OF THE DIAL, AND MECHANICALLY REMOVING SAID HOLDING PORTION FROM SAID INDICIA THEREBY TO LEAVE ONLY SAID INDICIA BONDED TO SAID DIAL MAJOR SURFACE.
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3451869A (en) * 1964-04-06 1969-06-24 Jean Nydegger Method of ultrasonically welding plastic index characters to a plastic clock dial plate
US5513153A (en) * 1995-02-13 1996-04-30 Timex Corporation Method of manufacturing three-dimensional indicia on electroluminescent timepiece dials and timepiece dials produced thereby
US6113726A (en) * 1995-08-28 2000-09-05 Promatec Systems S.A. Method of moulding and applying marks on a surface
US6404704B1 (en) * 1999-03-05 2002-06-11 Eta Sa Fabriques D'ebauches Dial including brilliants, appliques or other applied elements and method for securing such elements thereto
US9298165B2 (en) * 2014-06-30 2016-03-29 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Typesetting fixing method, display plate and timepiece

Citations (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US241771A (en) * 1881-05-17 Paul wftrtz
US275343A (en) * 1883-04-03 Method of inlaying and embossing celluloid
US657217A (en) * 1897-07-27 1900-09-04 William Heeren Sign.
US1357739A (en) * 1919-09-20 1920-11-02 Gen Electric Method of manufacturing packings for rotating shafts
US1607822A (en) * 1926-04-13 1926-11-23 Waterbury Clock Co Method of producing luminous dials for clocks and watches
US1816915A (en) * 1929-04-12 1931-08-04 Fiberloid Corp Method of forming inlays
US1995036A (en) * 1932-09-13 1935-03-19 Premier Metal Etching Company Index dial plate
CH188926A (en) * 1937-11-08 1937-01-31 Stern Freres Sa Timepiece dial.
US2103263A (en) * 1935-05-15 1937-12-28 Hamilton Watch Co Dial for watches and other instruments
US2196998A (en) * 1935-05-15 1940-04-16 Hamilton Watch Co Method of making watch dials
US2447609A (en) * 1945-04-16 1948-08-24 John T Breece Process of making marquetry inlay
US2625450A (en) * 1951-02-20 1953-01-13 Taylor Winfield Corp Roller bearing
US2702428A (en) * 1949-08-25 1955-02-22 Ibm Matrix plate for wire printers
US2761198A (en) * 1952-10-02 1956-09-04 Stern Charles Method for producing time-indicating elements
US2934815A (en) * 1954-03-09 1960-05-03 Engelhard Ind Inc Method of manufacturing a collector ring
US2936519A (en) * 1956-03-28 1960-05-17 M O Valve Co Ltd Manufacture of interdigital metal structures

Patent Citations (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US241771A (en) * 1881-05-17 Paul wftrtz
US275343A (en) * 1883-04-03 Method of inlaying and embossing celluloid
US657217A (en) * 1897-07-27 1900-09-04 William Heeren Sign.
US1357739A (en) * 1919-09-20 1920-11-02 Gen Electric Method of manufacturing packings for rotating shafts
US1607822A (en) * 1926-04-13 1926-11-23 Waterbury Clock Co Method of producing luminous dials for clocks and watches
US1816915A (en) * 1929-04-12 1931-08-04 Fiberloid Corp Method of forming inlays
US1995036A (en) * 1932-09-13 1935-03-19 Premier Metal Etching Company Index dial plate
US2103263A (en) * 1935-05-15 1937-12-28 Hamilton Watch Co Dial for watches and other instruments
US2196998A (en) * 1935-05-15 1940-04-16 Hamilton Watch Co Method of making watch dials
CH188926A (en) * 1937-11-08 1937-01-31 Stern Freres Sa Timepiece dial.
US2447609A (en) * 1945-04-16 1948-08-24 John T Breece Process of making marquetry inlay
US2702428A (en) * 1949-08-25 1955-02-22 Ibm Matrix plate for wire printers
US2625450A (en) * 1951-02-20 1953-01-13 Taylor Winfield Corp Roller bearing
US2761198A (en) * 1952-10-02 1956-09-04 Stern Charles Method for producing time-indicating elements
US2934815A (en) * 1954-03-09 1960-05-03 Engelhard Ind Inc Method of manufacturing a collector ring
US2936519A (en) * 1956-03-28 1960-05-17 M O Valve Co Ltd Manufacture of interdigital metal structures

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3451869A (en) * 1964-04-06 1969-06-24 Jean Nydegger Method of ultrasonically welding plastic index characters to a plastic clock dial plate
US5513153A (en) * 1995-02-13 1996-04-30 Timex Corporation Method of manufacturing three-dimensional indicia on electroluminescent timepiece dials and timepiece dials produced thereby
US6113726A (en) * 1995-08-28 2000-09-05 Promatec Systems S.A. Method of moulding and applying marks on a surface
US6404704B1 (en) * 1999-03-05 2002-06-11 Eta Sa Fabriques D'ebauches Dial including brilliants, appliques or other applied elements and method for securing such elements thereto
US9298165B2 (en) * 2014-06-30 2016-03-29 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Typesetting fixing method, display plate and timepiece

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