US3177688A - Forging machine for the internal profiling of tubular workpieces, particularly of barrels for firearms - Google Patents

Forging machine for the internal profiling of tubular workpieces, particularly of barrels for firearms Download PDF

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Publication number
US3177688A
US3177688A US161531A US16153161A US3177688A US 3177688 A US3177688 A US 3177688A US 161531 A US161531 A US 161531A US 16153161 A US16153161 A US 16153161A US 3177688 A US3177688 A US 3177688A
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Prior art keywords
workpiece
pressure
gripping head
support
gripping
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Expired - Lifetime
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US161531A
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English (en)
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Kralowetz Bruno
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Individual
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A21/00—Barrels; Gun tubes; Muzzle attachments; Barrel mounting means
    • F41A21/16—Barrels or gun tubes characterised by the shape of the bore
    • F41A21/18—Grooves-Rifling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
    • B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
    • B21C37/152—Making rifle and gunbarrels
    • B21C37/153—Making tubes with inner- and/or outer guides

Definitions

  • This invention relates to forging machines for shaping the internal profile of tubular workpieces, particularly of barrels for firearms. It is known to use for this purpose a stepped mandrel for shaping the cartridge chamber at the same time as the barrel. Moreover, it is known to grip the workpiece between longitudinally spaced stops while it is being forged in order to obtain a more exact internal profile. Such gripping reduces length changes of the workpiece during forging and increases the penetration of each hammer blow. In a known forging machine for carrying out this process, the workpiece is gripped between a gripping head, which feeds the workpiece toward the hammers and at the same time rotates it about its axis, and a holder-up.
  • the latter is moved backwardly by the feed movement of the workpiece against the pressure of a liquid.
  • the back-pressure exerted by the holder-up on the workpiece in opposition to the feeding force determines the force with which the workpiece is gripped in its longitudinal direction during forging. It remains constant in the known machine. It has been found, however, that a constant gripping force does not give satisfactory results with tapered workpieces such as the tapered barrels used in automatic firearms. As the wall thickness of the workpiece increases, the penetration of the hammer blows decreases, and it would be necessary also to taper the outside of the barrel in order to obtain a well-defined internal profile throughout the length. of the workpiece since the constant longitudinal gripping force cannot correspond to the largest wall thickness of the workpiece.
  • the invention in its more specific aspects is concerned with an improvement of the known forging machine in which the holder-up moves backwardly in accordance with the feed movement of the workpiece against a con stantly applied back-pressure of a liquid, Which is being displaced.
  • the improvement resides essentially in means for automatically varying the back-pressure of the liquid in accordance with the wall thickness and/or the desired internal shape of the portion of the workpiece disposed between the hammers.
  • Such means may consist of a valve incorporated in the return conduit for the pressure liquid.
  • the force with which the workpiece is gripped in its longitudinal direction is increased with an increase 3,177,688 Patented Apr. 13, 1965 in the wall thickness or when an internal step or the like is being forged so that a satisfactory forging is obtained.
  • the valve provided in the return conduit may be controlled remotely by a feeler which scans a template dur-i' ing the feeding movement of the gripping head.
  • the shape of the template corresponds to the changing wall thickness of the workpiece or to the desired internal shape of a certain portion of the workpiece.
  • the backpressure of the holder-up and the gripping force are automatically varied in accordance with the scanned shape of the template during the feed movement of the workpiece.
  • the mandrel When the barrel and cartridge chamber are forged in one operation, that portion of the mandrel which conforms to the grooves and lands of the barrel is first placed between the hammers, and the workpiece is gradually pushed over the mandrel. During the final phase of the forging operation, the mandrel together with the workpiece follows the feed movement of the gripping head to cause an enlarged portion of the mandrel to enter the space between the hammers so that the cartridge chamber can be forged. To enable this operation to be performed automatically, the mandrel is connected to a pis ton slidable in a cylinder by a rod freely extending through the gripping head.
  • Liquid under pressure can be applied to the cylinder which is independently displace-1 able against a hydraulic resistance so that the mandrel, which is otherwise movable independently of the gripping head, engages a surface of the gripping head and is moved by the latter during the final phase of the feed movement of the workpiece.
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B are partlysectional respective views of the forging box with the holder-up and of the gripping head with the gripping head bed of a forging machine;
  • FIG. 2 shows the hydraulic circuit for varying 1 the back-pressure of the holder-up
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of a pressurecontrolling valve in the circuit of FIG. 2;
  • FIGS. 4 to 6 are sectional views illustrating the forging of a barrel with cartridge chamber on the machine of FIGS. 1A and 1B;
  • FIG. 7 shows the end of a modified workpiece intended to cooperate with a modified gripping head.
  • the forging hammer-s 1 and their drive means, not shown, as well as the means for varying their stroke position, are mounted in a forging box 1, in front of which the bed 2 for the displaceable gripping head 3 is disposed.
  • the rods 4 of pistons 5 sliding in cylinders 6 extend through the forging box 1' and are secured to the gripping head 3.
  • the pistons are reciprocated and cause the gripping head 3 to perform a feed movement toward thehammers 1 or a return movement.
  • a sleeve 7 gripping the workpiece is rotatably mounted in the gripping head 3 and is driven by means of a worm gearing 8 by a motor, not shown.
  • the forging box 1' is provided with a tubular guide 9 for a rotatable holder-up 10 which is backed by a piston 12 slidabie in a cylinder 11.
  • the cylinder 17 is axially displaceable between stops in a cylinder 18 fixed on the bed 2.
  • the cylinde'rs 17 and 18 communicate through bores 18' in a radial wall of the cylinder 17 through which the rod passes.
  • the pressure fluid conduit 19 opening into the cylinder 18 is constantly under pressure whereas pressure may be intermittently applied to the cylinder 17 through a conduit 20.
  • the workpiece which is a tapered barrel 21 (FIGS. 1A and 1B) or a cylindrical barrel 22 (FIGS. 4 to 6), is gripped between the holder-up 10 and the sleeve 7 of the gripping head 3.
  • the piston 12 drives oil from the cylinder 11 through a conduit 23, a pressure-setting piston valve 24 and a conduit 25 into a container 26, as shown in PEG. 2.
  • a control valve 27 is provided for controlling the pressure-setting valve 24 and is shown in more detail in FIG. 3.
  • the gripping head 3 carries a template 28, which is scanned by a feeler 29 during the movement of the gripping head.
  • a spring 31 applying pressure to a Valve cone 32' ⁇ of the control valve 27 is more or less stressed.
  • the piston 32 of the pressure-setting valve 24 is biased by a spring 31' toward a position in which the piston 32 blocks the orifice of the conduit 25.
  • the piston 32 is formed with a narrow bore 33, through which oil is continuously supplied at a low rate through a conduit 34 to the pressure-controlling valve 27. The oil returns from the valve 27 through a conduit 35 to the oil container 26.
  • the forging operation is performed as follows:
  • the workpiece 21 or 22 is first gripped in the gripping head 3. Pressure is applied to the piston 16 by fluid supplied through the conduit 29 to feed the mandrel 13 or 14 to a position between the hammers 1. Then the feed movement of the gripping head 3 is initiated, whereby the holder-up 10 is forced backwardly and the workpiece is moved between the hammers.
  • the cartridge chamber is to be forged (FIGS. 4 to 6)
  • an enlarged portion of the mandrel 14 which corresponds to the cartridge chamber, abuttingly engages a bottom surface 41 of a cup shaped insert 42 in the gripping head sleeve 7 in the last phase of the feed movement workpiece.
  • a groove 43 in the insert 42 defines a protruding annular portion 44, over which the displaced material can slide (FIG. 6).
  • the rear end of the workpiece may be provided with an annular recess 45, which is upset during the forging of a step as shown in dotted lines (FIG. 7). If the workpiece has a uniform outside diameter, the hydraulic back-pressure of the holder-up 16 is not increased until the cartridge chamber is shaped during the final phase of the forging operation in order to ensure the shaping of a satisfactory internal step.
  • gripping means for moving said workpiece through said area in a predetermined direction
  • said gripping means including (1) gripping head means movable on said support in said direction and having an end face adapted abuttingly to engage one end portion of said workpiece, said end face being formed with a protruding annular portion having an outside diameter which is smaller than that of the workplece, p
  • first pressure-fluid operated means for actuating said movement of said gripping head means, whereby a gripped workpiece and said holder-up means are moved in said direction when movement of said gripping head means is actuated by said first pressure fluid operated means;
  • (0) pressure fluid control means for varying the pressure of the fluid operating said second pressure-fluid open ated means responsive to the position of said gripping head means during movement of said gripping head means on said support.
  • gripping means for moving said workpiece through said area in a predetermined direction, said gripping means including (1) gripping head means movable on said support in said direction and adapted to engage one end portion of said workpiece,
  • first pressure-fluid operated means for actuating said movement of said gripping head means, whereby a gripped workpiece and said holder-up means are moved in said direction when movement of said gripping head means is actuated by said first pressure fluid operated means;
  • pressure fluid control means for varying the pressure of the fluid operating said second pressure-fluid operated means responsive to the position of said gripping head means during movement of said gripping head means on said support;
  • gripping means formoving said workpiece through said area in a predetermined direction, said gripping means including (1) gripping head means movable on said support in said direction. and adapted to engage one end portion 'of said workpiece,
  • one of said members of the second pressure fluid operated means being mounted on said support, the other member being connected to said holder up means for movement thereby;
  • pressure fluid control means for varying the pres sure of the fluid operating said second pressure-fluid operated means responsive to the position of said gripping head means during movement of said gripping head means on said support, said control means including (1) valve means connected to said cylinder memher for controlling'displacernent of liquid from said cylinder member during movement therein of said piston member,
  • scanning means having a template member and a feeler member, one of the members of said scanning means being mounted on said support, and the other member being connected to said head means for joint movement therewith, said scanning means being connected to said valve means for controlling the displacement of said liquid responsive to the position of said 40 head means scanned by saidscanningmeans.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
US161531A 1961-06-06 1961-12-22 Forging machine for the internal profiling of tubular workpieces, particularly of barrels for firearms Expired - Lifetime US3177688A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT438161A AT221909B (de) 1961-06-06 1961-06-06 Schmiedemaschine zum Innenprofilieren rohrförmiger Werkstücke, insbesondere von Schußwaffenläufen

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3280612A (en) * 1966-10-25 Chuck fixture for tube bending apparatus
US3753365A (en) * 1971-05-06 1973-08-21 B Kralowetz Swaging machine for the internal profiling of tubular workpieces
US3893321A (en) * 1973-12-04 1975-07-08 Gfm Fertigungstechnik Swaging machine
US4157026A (en) * 1977-04-01 1979-06-05 Gfm Gesellschaft Fur Fertigungstechnik Und Maschinenbau Aktiengesellschaft Swaging machine for swaging large tubes
US20070193102A1 (en) * 2006-02-23 2007-08-23 Briggs Vernon R Composite firearm barrel
US20070261286A1 (en) * 2006-02-23 2007-11-15 Sturm, Ruger & Company, Inc. Composite firearm barrel reinforcement
US20100139356A1 (en) * 2007-06-29 2010-06-10 Ulrich Brochheuser Device and method for the axial forming of elongated hollow bodies
US7895877B1 (en) 2008-04-28 2011-03-01 Moreland Carl E Gun barrel stamper
US20160030989A1 (en) * 2013-03-07 2016-02-04 Steyr Mannlicher Gmbh Method for producing a gun barrel with integrally adjoining housing
US9365008B1 (en) * 2012-09-28 2016-06-14 Michael Kenneth Walker Actuating device
US20190015885A1 (en) * 2016-03-17 2019-01-17 Repkon Machine and Tool Industry and Trade Inc. Method for producing gun barrels and apparatus for performing such method

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1300502B (de) * 1964-04-02 1969-08-07 Hydraulik Gmbh Schrittbewegter Schmiedemanipulator mit Dosiervorrichtungsantrieb in gekoppelter Zwillingsbauart

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190202067A (en) * 1902-01-25 1902-03-13 Emil Hinz Improvements in Machines for Treating Boiler and similar Tubes.
US2299105A (en) * 1940-03-18 1942-10-20 Dominion Eng Works Ltd Method and apparatus for forging billets
US2519837A (en) * 1946-03-22 1950-08-22 Mathews Conveyer Co Feeding apparatus
DE1057851B (de) * 1953-05-26 1959-05-21 Chambersburg Eng Co Schlagregelung fuer Gegenschlaghaemmer
US2894421A (en) * 1956-01-12 1959-07-14 Gerhard H Appel Apparatus for straightening and for relieving stresses in workpieces
US2917809A (en) * 1955-09-14 1959-12-22 Ingersoll Rand Canada Method of forming gun barrels
US2976549A (en) * 1956-03-12 1961-03-28 Neo Products Corp Hollow metal article and method and apparatus for forming same
US3042006A (en) * 1960-11-14 1962-07-03 Applied Power Ind Inc Fluid pressure actuated power unit

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190202067A (en) * 1902-01-25 1902-03-13 Emil Hinz Improvements in Machines for Treating Boiler and similar Tubes.
US2299105A (en) * 1940-03-18 1942-10-20 Dominion Eng Works Ltd Method and apparatus for forging billets
US2519837A (en) * 1946-03-22 1950-08-22 Mathews Conveyer Co Feeding apparatus
DE1057851B (de) * 1953-05-26 1959-05-21 Chambersburg Eng Co Schlagregelung fuer Gegenschlaghaemmer
US2917809A (en) * 1955-09-14 1959-12-22 Ingersoll Rand Canada Method of forming gun barrels
US2894421A (en) * 1956-01-12 1959-07-14 Gerhard H Appel Apparatus for straightening and for relieving stresses in workpieces
US2976549A (en) * 1956-03-12 1961-03-28 Neo Products Corp Hollow metal article and method and apparatus for forming same
US3042006A (en) * 1960-11-14 1962-07-03 Applied Power Ind Inc Fluid pressure actuated power unit

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3280612A (en) * 1966-10-25 Chuck fixture for tube bending apparatus
US3753365A (en) * 1971-05-06 1973-08-21 B Kralowetz Swaging machine for the internal profiling of tubular workpieces
US3893321A (en) * 1973-12-04 1975-07-08 Gfm Fertigungstechnik Swaging machine
US4157026A (en) * 1977-04-01 1979-06-05 Gfm Gesellschaft Fur Fertigungstechnik Und Maschinenbau Aktiengesellschaft Swaging machine for swaging large tubes
US7934332B2 (en) 2006-02-23 2011-05-03 Sturm, Ruger & Company, Inc. Composite firearm barrel
US20070193102A1 (en) * 2006-02-23 2007-08-23 Briggs Vernon R Composite firearm barrel
US20070261286A1 (en) * 2006-02-23 2007-11-15 Sturm, Ruger & Company, Inc. Composite firearm barrel reinforcement
WO2008054461A3 (en) * 2006-02-23 2008-11-06 Sturm Ruger & Co Composite firearm barrel
US8316568B2 (en) 2006-02-23 2012-11-27 Sturm, Ruger & Company, Inc. Composite firearm barrel reinforcement
US7921590B2 (en) 2006-02-23 2011-04-12 Strum, Ruger & Company, Inc. Composite firearm barrel reinforcement
CN101754820B (zh) * 2007-06-29 2012-12-12 Gkn动力传动***国际有限责任公司 用于细长的空心件的轴向成形的装置和方法
US20100139356A1 (en) * 2007-06-29 2010-06-10 Ulrich Brochheuser Device and method for the axial forming of elongated hollow bodies
US7895877B1 (en) 2008-04-28 2011-03-01 Moreland Carl E Gun barrel stamper
US9365008B1 (en) * 2012-09-28 2016-06-14 Michael Kenneth Walker Actuating device
US20160030989A1 (en) * 2013-03-07 2016-02-04 Steyr Mannlicher Gmbh Method for producing a gun barrel with integrally adjoining housing
US9662696B2 (en) * 2013-03-07 2017-05-30 Steyr Mannlicher Gmbh Method for producing a gun barrel with integrally adjoining housing
US20190015885A1 (en) * 2016-03-17 2019-01-17 Repkon Machine and Tool Industry and Trade Inc. Method for producing gun barrels and apparatus for performing such method
US10857580B2 (en) * 2016-03-17 2020-12-08 Repkon Machine and Tool Industry and Trade Inc. Method for producing gun barrels and apparatus for performing such method

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AT221909B (de) 1962-06-25

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