US317537A - howard - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.'

- S. M. HOWARD.

CHIMNEY AND GLOBE FOR LAMPS. No. 317,537. Patented'May 12, 1885;

F ga,

Nv PEIERS. Plwhw-Lhhognmr. Wm M D. c.

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Shet 2.

' S. M. HOWARD.

, CHIMNEY AND GLOBE FOR LAMPS. No. 317,537. Patented May 12, 1885.

N. PETERS. HMO-mm!- Wuhingmn. D. C.

UNITED STATES STANTON M; HOWARD, OF WHEE LINQ WEST VIRGIN 1A.

CILHMNEYI AND GLOBE QFOR'LA'MPS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 317,537, dated May 12, 1885.

' Application filed September 16, i882. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, STANTON M. HOWARD, of Wheeling, in the county of Ohio and State of West Virginia, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Chimneys and Globes The object of this invention is to render an ordinary lamp globe or chimney, or the globe or chimney of a lantern, or any like article capable of concentration of the rays of light on a particular spot or in a particular direction without detriment to its function of diffusion of light in the ordinary manner.

To this end my invention consists, first, of a globe, chimney, or like article adapted to be placed around a light, made of substantially uniform thickness, and provided with a lens or lenses fixed to the side of the said chimney or other article, and made homogeneous with the wall of said article.

It consists, in the second place, of a special mode and process for forming such globes, chimneys, or other articles with the said lens attached by first forming the lens and placing it in a cavity in the side of a suitable mold and then blowing in the molten glass, whereby the bowl or chimney is blown and molded to the lens.

It consists, further, in the form of mold and in other details of construction.

Heretofore it has been suggested that globes and chimneys could be made with indentations in the glass wall. This, however, would not form a lens, nor would it accomplish the purpose of concentrating the rays of light and throwing them upon an object more or less distant. Further, because it is necessary that there should be a lens formed in or made to adhere to the wall of the glass globe-or chimney, and for the best effect the adhesion of the lens should be such that the materials of the wall shall become homogeneous with that of the lens.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents aside elevation of one form of globe embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a vertical central section of the same, taken through Fig. 3 is another form of the globe Fig.4 is a section on line the lens. in side elevation.

a: 00 of Fig. 3, showing the lens and a part of y be illustrated; but those which have been re-- ferred to are sufficient for the purpose, as the invention does not depend upon the form of the globe or chimney.

The essential feature of the construction is that the lens should be placed within the wall to form a part of that wall which surrounds the light and difiuses the rays therefrom uniformly in all directions, except-ing in that part where the lens is situated. In that part the lens shows the concentrated rays in the direction toward which it faces in the ordinary manner of such lenses when used in darklanterns and like situations.

In Figs. 1 to 6 the globe A is represented as being provided with a double-convex lens, B, which is set upon one side in the lower part of the globe, so that the lens inclines outward, and is adapted to throw the light downward Figs. 6 and upon the table or in' any particular direction desired by the user.

In Figs. 7 and 8, where chimneys are represented, the lens is placed so as to throw the beam of light in a horizontal direction, and these forms of chimneys may be used upon lanterns. The lenses shown in Figs. 8 and 10 are'also double convex, while those shown in Figs. 7 and 9 are concavo-convex. Any form of lens may be used calculated to concentrate the rays of light.

I now proceed to describe the mode of making the described form of globes and chimneys with their lenses. These lenses B are first made in the ordinary way, and are caused to adhere to and form a part of the wall of the globe or chimney when the latter is blown in the mold.

The molds indicated at O are of ordinary shape, with one exception. In Figs. 7 and 9 they are formed with a recess, 12, fitted to the receive the lens, and in the figures last named the whole lens, with its inner surface is flush with the inner surface of the mold.

In Figs. 8 and '10 the lensis forniedorithe same curve as that of the chimney at that point where it is to be placed. It consequently lies snugly against the side of the wall of the mold. In any case the wallof the mold isadapted to receive, either by means of a cavity or by its ordinary hollowed or concave surface, the

lens which is to be fixed to the-globe or chim-- ney, and in this proper position the lens must be held while the operation of blowing the said globeor chimney is performed.

Molds for globes of ordinary form-such as those shown in Figs. 1 and 2are easily fitted to receive the lens.

Some means are necessary in order to hold the lens in place within the mold while the globe or .chimney is formed therein. As convenient and effective means for this purpose I have provided a small perforation, c, and pipe (I, the perforation passing through the wall of the chimney, so as to open to the inside-at about the middle point of the lens when said lens'is in its proper place. A slight suction upon the pipe, which may be applied by the mouth of the operator, is sufficient to hold the lens in place. Another way of holding the lens in position in the mold while the wall of the chimney or globeis being blown against it is shown in Fig. 10.

The mold is made in three sections, or what is known as a three-part-mold, and a cavity is made in the side of the mold at b,where two of the parts are jointed. The sections of the mold are opened at this point to receive the lens, and then closed or shut together,

which operates to hold the lens in place until the globe or chimney is finished. The halfsections of the mold are close together after the workman has inserted his blow-pipe containing the molten glass required to form the chimney. When the chimney is formed, the several sections of the mold are opened and the globe removed. The extra joint permits the lens to be readily removedfrom the mold, and affords a ready means of holding the lens during the process of making the chimney.

The lens is set in its place while yet hot, and the glass is immediately introduced and blown in the mold. This causes the glass of the chimney or globe, which is in a plastic condition, to adhere to the lens, and to be: come firmly welded thereto, so that the lens forms ahomogeneous part thereof. The molds in other respects are of ordinary construction. For different forms of lenses some slight modification of the cavity in which they are light in the ordinary manner.

received may be necessary, in order ,to make the edge of the lens coincide properly with the wall of the globe or chimney; but these details may be left to the knowledge of the skilled workman.

Only one lens upon each globe or chimney has been described; but it will be obvious that in the same manner two or more may be formed. Ordinarily,however, only one will be found necessary. In the case of globes they may be turned to bring the lens into any position and give the light in any desired direction, the globe in the other parts diffusing the When the lens is used upon the chimney of lanterns,the-lantern may be turned in the ordinary manner to throw the beam of light, as required, while the other parts of the chimney diffuse the light in all directions, as lanterns ordinarily do. As the lens is much thicker than contiguous parts of the globe or chimney, it is well to put a corrugation or corrugations in the glass immediately about the edge of the lens. This will take up the expansion and contractiom'and prevent breakage or cracking. The corrugation in the glass is shown at 6, Figs. 7 and 9, and the groove in the mold, whereby it is formed, is shown at f, Fig. 10.

Where the chimney or globe is to be used for reading or drawing purposes, the bowl or shell around the lens can be roughened or made opaque by well-known means, inorder to shade the eyes,and, for convenience in using it, the globe or chimney may be attached to I the lamp or gas burner with a supportingdevice capable of being tilted on its axis for the purpose of adjusting the chimney or globe to, any desired angle.

g The globe may be made of diiTerent-colored 1 glass, and engraved, etched, or otherwiseornamented, as taste or fancy may dictate.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is As a new article of manufacture, a lamp chimney or globe having one or more lenses protruding from its surface at one or more points in its circumference, said lens or lenses being additional to but homogeneous "with the thickness of the lamp or globe, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

STANTON M. HOWARD.

ICC

Images