US3164963A

US3164963A - Apparatus for forming foundation members

Info

Publication number: US3164963A
Application number: US58050A
Authority: US
Inventors: Dolen O Talley; Myles H Schutte
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1960-09-23
Filing date: 1960-09-23
Publication date: 1965-01-12
Anticipated expiration: 1982-01-12

Description

Jan. 12, 1965 D. o. TALLEY ETAL APPARATUS FOR FORMING FOUNDATION MEMBERS 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Sept.

INVENTORS 1965 D. o. TALLEY ETAL 3,164,963

APPARATUS FOR FORMING FOUNDATION MEMBERS Filed Sept. 25, 1960 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 27a INVENTORS r a "Ja z: I

ATTORA/EVJ Jan. 12, 1965 D. o. TALLEY ETAL APPARATUS FOR FORMING FOUNDATION MEMBERS 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Sept. 23, 1960 fio/en O. 7b//eg My/es H. Jchuzze INVENTORJ 1 M United States Patent 3,164,963 APPARATUS FOR FGRMHN FGUNDATEGN MEMBER Dolen 0. Talley and Myles lit. Schutte, both of 4655 Telephone Road, Houstnn l7, Tex. Filed Sept. 23, 196%, Ser. No. %,05d 3'Claims. (Cl. 61-53.)

An important object of this invention is to provide a new and improved method and apparatus for forming concrete or similar hardenable foundation members under water wherein an outer casing is first positioned in the bottom sand, clay or other material below the water to seal oif the interior of the outer casing from water externally thereof, wherein an inner casing is located within the outer casing to provide a mold for the concrete or similar material when poured in the fluid condition, and wherein both of such casings are removable for use in the pouring and forming of other foundation members.

Another object of this invention is to provide a new and improved method for forming foundation columns or members wherein a tubular form is adapted to penetrate the bottom of a body of water by a fluid jetting action to seal the lower end of said form in the bottom so that drilling and other operations may subsequently be performed in said tubular form and down into said bottom even below the lower end of said form without the entry of water from externally of said form into the interior thereof.

A further object of this invention is to provide a new and improved method and apparatus for forming foundation columns or members, wherein a pair of casings are mounted with an annular space therebetween and with such annular space filled with sand or similar material, so that after the concrete is poured into the inner casing and prior to the hardening thereof, the inner casing is removable to leave the sand as the mold surface, whereby the sand, may be washed out or otherwise removed and the outer casing may then be readily removed after the' foundation member has set or hardened.

Still another object of this invention is to provide a new and improved method and apparatus for forming foundation columns or members wherein an outer casing is provided with means for sealing with the wall of a bore, whether such bore is formed of rock or other material, so as to prevent fluid externally of the casing from entering the area internally thereof during the forming of the columns or members.

The preferred embodiment of this invention will be described hereinafter, together with other features thereof, and additional objects will become evident from such description.

The invention will be more readily understood from a reading of the following specification and by reference to the accompanying drawings forming a part thereof, wherein an example of the invention is shown, and where- FIG. 1 is a view, partly in elevation and partly in section, illustrating the inner casing and the outer casing.

Bdhdfihd Patented Jan. 12, T965 .of this invention wherein the outer casing is removed from the foundation member or column which has been formed; 7

FIG. 4 is a fragmentary view illustrating a portion of the inner casing with the spacer members illustrated in detail;

FIG. 5 is an isometric view for illustrating the relationship between the outer casing and the inner casing during use;

FIG. 6 is a plan view illustrating a means for holding the outer casing in a stable position while the concrete or the like forming the foundation member or column is hardening or setting; 7

FIG. 7 is a view, partly in elevation and partly in section, taken on line 77 of FIG. 8 and illustrating a modified form of the invention;

FIG. 8 is a horizontal cross-sectional view taken on line S8 of FIG. 7 and further illustrating the modified form of the invention; and

FIG. 9 is a fragmentary view in section of another modification of this invention.

In the drawings, the letter C designates generally the outer casing and the letter M designates generally the inner casing of the apparatus of this invention. As will be explained more in detail, the apparatus of this invention is particularly adapted for carrying out the method of this invention for the forming of a foundation member or column in the ground at the bottom of a'body of water W. The bottom of the body of water is indicated at B, and as will be explained, the outer casing C is adapted to be positioned in the ground at the bottom'B to form a seal to prevent the entry of the water from the body of Water W externally of the casing C into the interior thereof. Thereafter, the inner casing M is positioned inwardly of the outer casing C and drilling and other operations are performed for'forming a hole H of any suitable configuration in the ground below the apparatus of this invention into which concrete or the like is poured for forming the foundation member or column. Also, as will be more fully explained, after the concrete for the foundation member F has been poured, the inner casing M is removed while the concrete is still soft or wet, and thereafter, when the concrete has hardened, the outer casing C is removed in a manner to be hereinafter described. Therefore, the entire apparatus of the invention is removable from the foundation member F after it has hardened so that such apparatus may be used again for forming other foundation members.

Considering the invention more in detail, the outer casing C includes a cylindrical or tubular body or shell 1% which is preferably formed of steel or similar material. The bore of the shell 15) is open at both the upper and the lower ends thereof. At the lower end of the cylindrical or tubular body or shell 10, an outwardly extend ing radial flange MM is provided which connects with a flange 11a on a lower cylindrical extension 11. The flanges Mia and 11a are bolted together with bolts 12 or any other suitable securing means. Preferably, the thickness of the cylindrical or tubular extension 11 is greater than the thickness of the shell It so that such extension 11 has increased strength for penetration into the bottom B. The extension 11 has a plurality of jet nozzles 15 welded or otherwise suitably afiixed to the external surface thereof.

Each of such nozzles 15 is preferably formed of an angle iron which is welded at its edges to the external surface of the extension 11 and which is open at the lower end 15a and is connected with an annular fluid conductor or'tubular means 16 at its upper end 1511 so that fluid supplied to the annular couductor 16 is transmitted or conducted to each of the jet nozzles 15 for discharge through the lower openings 15a. The fluid conductor 16 may be a pipe or it may be formed as illustrated from an angle iron which has its edges welded to the external surface of the extension 11. Fluid is transmitted to the conductor 16 through a fluid pipe or tube 17 which extends to the upper end of the casing C and has a suitable hose 17a connected therewith for connection to any source of fluid under pressure. The tube 17 is secured to the body or shell of the casing C by suitable brackets 18 which are longitudinally spaced and are welded to the shell 10. The upper brackets are interconnected with a longitudinally extending frame 19 by welding or any other suitable securing means to protect the conductor 17 against damage and also for cooperation with an anchoring device to be hereinafter described. Preferably two fluid conductors or pipes 17 are provided as illustrated in FIG. 1, but it will be appreciated that more or less than that number may be utilized so long as fluid under pressure is supplied to the jet nozzles for discharging fluid under pressure in a jetting action from the lower open ends 15a of such nozzles 15.

The outer casing also has a plurality of longitudinally extending external channels or jet fluid jackets formed on the external surface of the shell 10. Such channels 25 are preferably formed of angle irons which have their edges welded or otherwise secured to the external surface of the shell 10. The lower end 25a of each of the channels 25 is closed, but the upper end 25b of each of the channels 25 is in communication with an annular fluid conductor 26 which is also preferably formed of an angle iron having its edges welded or otherwise secured to the external surface of the shell 10. A pipe or conductor 27 is connected to the conductor 26 for transmitting fluid under pressure to the annular conductor 26 and thus to the channels 25. A flexible connection 27a is preferably provided with the conductor 27 for connection with a suitable source of fluid under pressure such as a fluid pump. It will be appreciated that the flexible conductors 17a and 27a may both be connected to the same source of fluid under pressure, but they are preferably separately controlled with valves or the like as will be more evident hereinafter in carrying out the method of this invention.

Within each of the channels 25, there are a plurality of tubes or jet discharge nozzles 30 which extend down wardly and inwardly towards the bore of the shell 10. Each of such tubes 30 is open on both of its ends and therefore fluid may pass therethrough from the channel 25 into the bore of the shell 10. It is to be noted that the tubes 30 are preferably welded or are otherwise mounted in the wall of the shell 16 so as to extend therethrough and to provide a passage means from the channel 25 to the interior or bore of the shell 10. The angle of inclination of the tube 30 is such that sand or other similar material within the bore of the shell 10 does not accumulate in such tubes 30. Fluid under pressure from the supply source is adapted to be fed throgh the channels 25 and into the tubes 36 under a jetting or washing action for washing sand or other similar material from the interior of the shell 10, as will be more fully explained hereinafter.

The casing C may be raised and lowered by any suitable means, but as shown, an opening 10b is provided on each side of the shell 10 for the reception of a cable R (FIG. 3).

The inner casing or mold M is provided with a cylindrical or tubular body 40 which is formed of steel or similar material. Such body 40 has a plurality of longitudinally and laterally spaced radial spacers or separator members 41 welded or otherwise secured on the external surface of the body 40. Each of such spacers 41 extends radially and is provided with sharp knife edges 41a and 41b at the upper and lower edges thereof, respectively.

Also, each spacer 41 has a longitudinally extending knife edge 41c. Such knife edges 41a, 41b and 410 are provided for preventing the accumulation of sand on the spacers 41 during the carrying out of the method of this invention so that the removal of the inner casing or mold M when desired is not seriously hampered by the sand which is confined between the inner casing M and the outer casing C, as will be explained. The inner casing M and the outer casing C are preferably concentrically disposed and the spacers 41 maintain such concentric position. The spawrs 41 also maintain the annular space A between the inner casing M and the outer casing C. Sand S or a similar material is placed in such annular space A to serve as the mold when the inner casing M has been removed, as will be more fully explained.

The inner casing M may be lowered and raised into position for use and removed from position after use by any suitable means, but preferably openings 40a on diametrically opposite sides of the casing M are provided for receiving a cable such as the cable R shown in FIG. 3. It will be appreciated that hooks or any other kind of means may be used in place of the cable R. It should also be noted that in use, the inner casing M extends above the upper edge of the outer casing C so that the holes 40a are exposed and are accessible.

During the use of the apparatus of this invention in carrying out the method thereof, it is frequently desirable to anchor the outer casing C to prevent shifting thereof, particularly when the apparatus is used in a body of water such as a river which may have currents or similar fluid forces acting on the outer casing C. One type of anchoring means which may be used is illustrated in FIG. 6 wherein a pair of anchoring plates 59 are shown. Each anchoring plate has a notch 50b which corresponds in configuration with the external surface of the bracket 18 so that the anchoring plate 50 and the V bracket 18 interlock as shown in FIG. 6. The outer ends of the anchoring plate 5%) are provided with holes Stia which are secured by lines, cables or similar attaching means to a stable platform or another foundation member which has previously been formed. In some instances, the anchoring plates 50 may be secured to a barge which is floating on the body of water W and which is sufiiciently stable to retain the casing C against movement while the concrete of the foundation member F is hardening.

In carrying out the method of this invention, the outer casing C is lowered into the body of Water W until it reaches the ground at the bottom B. It will be appreciated that the hole H illustrated in FIG. 1 is not formed at that time. Therefore, the lower end of the casing C rests upon the bottom B when it is initially lowered into the water W to such position. The open ends 15a of the jet nozzles 15 are thus in position for directing fluid such as water or air under pressure to the bottom B. Such fluid under pressure is admitted through the line 17 or lines 17 to the annular conductor 16 and then to the jet nozzles 15. The ground at the bottom B is thus jetted or removed by the fluid force from the jet nozzles 15 so that the lower end of the casing C is allowed to sink down and penetrate into the ground or clay forming the bottom to thereby provide a seal with the lower end of the casing C in the clay. The fluid externally of the casing C cannot thereafter flow around the bottom of the casing C into the interior of the casing C, and the casing C is of such height that it extends above the upper surface of the body of water W so that the casing C effectively seals off fluid from flowing from the exterior of the casing C to the interior thereof.

The interior of the casing C is then preferably pumped substantially dry by dropping a suction hose into the interior of the casing C or by any other suitable means. The water may even be bailed out from the interior of the casing C, since it is not necessary to remove all of such water.

13 The hole l-I may nextbe drilled into the ground below the bottom B and interiorly ofthe casing C as shown in FIG. 1, but preferably, the-inner casing M is positioned within the casing C prior to the drilling Operations. In such case, the inner casing M is lowered on hooks or cables such as the cable R to position the lower end of the inner casing M on the bottom B within the interior of the casing C, but with the annular space A therebetween. As previously pointed out, the spacers 41 center or position the inner casing F and maintain same in a substantially concentric relationship with the outer casing C and with the annular space A therebetween.

After the inner casing M is thus in'position within the outer casing C, the sand S or similar filler is poured into the annular space A to fill same. The amount of the sand S may be varied so long as there is enough sand to extend above the upper end of the foundation member F when it is poured.

With the inner casing M in position, and preferably with the sand S also in the annular space A, the usual type of drilling bit or auger for drilling into ground is lowered for forming the hole H. An underrearner is also preferably used to form the underreanied flared section H. The apparatus for such drilling and underreaming are of course well known. After the drilling operations, the inner casing M and the sand S are placed in position it they were not previously so positioned.

The concrete for the foundation member F is then poured into the interior of the inner casing M and downwardly into the hole H and the underreamed portion H to fill same to the desired height for the foundation member or column F. The inner casing M serves as the mold for the concrete above the hole H during the pouring of the concrete or the like. Other materials besides concrete may of course be used, but concrete is the most common for such foundation members. While the concrete of the foundation member F is still soft or wet, the inner casing M is lifted upwardly and is removed. When the inner casing M is thus removed, the sand S remains in position and shifts slightly downwardly and into contact with the concrete of the foundation member F to retain the same shape for the foundation member F as previously created by the inner surface of the mold M. Thus, the sandS actually becomes the mold for the portion of thefoundation member F extending above the ground.

The concrete or other material of the foundation member F is then alloWed-to-harden. During such hardening period, the anchoring plates b are preferably connected to the plates 18 at the upper end of the body it) as illustrated in FIG. 6. Such anchoring plates '59 are connected to any stable platform, barge or other foundation members, or any other suitable supports so that the cylinder C is prevented from shifting.

After the concrete F has hardened, the anchoring plates 5t if used, are removed, and then, fluid such as water or air under presure is introduced through the line 27a to the conductor 27 and to the annular channel 26 for discharge into the longitudinal channels 25 and then such fluid is discharged or jetted from the tubes 3% for Washing or loosening the sand S. Such loosening and washing of the sand S is preferably done simultaneously with the introduction of fiuid under pressure to the jet nozzles 15 and a'lifting of the casing C upwardly with a cable or other means R. Therefore, as the casing C is raised and the jetting action is imparted through the jets 1 .5 to the ground therebelow, the casing C is loosened from its sealed position and is raised as shown in FIG. 3. The sand S is washed from the interior of the casing C as also shown in FIG. 3 during such raising of the casing C. Thus, the casing C is completely removable from the foundation member F, leaving only the foundation member F after the method of this invention is per formed. The apparatus of this invention is therefore ready for use again for the forming of otherfoundation members. 7

In connection with the foregoing description, it will be evident that various modifications may be made within the scope of the invention. For example, although the spacers il are shown as mounted on the inner casing M, such spacers 41 may instead be Welded or otherwise secured to the interior of the outer casing C. Also, it should be pointed out that the invention is not limited to use under water.

Other specific modifications are illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8. The outer casing C-l is identical with the casing C except that adjustable spacer bolts 141 are provided therewith to take the place of the spacers 41. Each of the spacer bolts 141 is threaded into a nut 141a which extends through the wall of the casing C1 and is welded or otherwise secured thereto. The spacer bolts 141 are disposed circumfereutially and longitudinally and are adjustable inwardly and outwardly to serve as spacers for spacing the inner casing or mold M-I from the outer casing C4, whether the mold Ml is concentrically dis posed with respect to the casing C-l or is offset as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.

In the use of the modification of FIGS. 7 and 8, the outer casing C1 is positioned with its lower end in the clay at the bottom B. Then, after removing the water from inside the casing C-l, a hole H-ll is drilledwith the usual augur (not shown) of sufficient size so that the inner casing Ml may extend below the lower edge of the casing C-l (FIG. 7) if it is desired to use such casing Mlt to retain the walls of the hole H-ll against collapse prior to the pouring of the concrete. The spacer bolts Mil are adjusted after the drilling and prior to the lowering of the casing M1 so as to contact the external surface of the casing M1 and maintain it in vertical alignment as it is lowered into the hole H4.

The sand S or similar material is then poured into the annlar space between the casings M1 and C-1, after which the concrete is poured. The inner casing M-l is preferably removed before the concrete has hardened, and then after the concrete has hardened, the sand S is washed away with fluid such as water or air under pressure which is supplied through the channels 25 and tubes 30, and the outer casing Cl is lifted upwardly, by discharging fluid under pressure from jet nozzles 15 if desired or necessary.

In FIG. 9, a further modification is illustrated wherein the lower annular extension 111, a portion of which is shownyis modified as corn-pared to the extension 11 of FIGS. 1 and 7, but otherwise, the outer casing C3 of HG. 9 may be the same as either the form of FIG. 1 or the modification of FIG. 7. The annular extension Hill is connected to the body or shell it by any suitable means such as the bolts 12 (FIG. 1). An annular resilient inflatable tube 8% which is formed of rubber or other flexible material is anchored to the extension 111 at its upper and lower ends by

bands

81 and 82, respectively. The tube 8t? may also have its upper and lower ends vulcanized or otherwise adhered to the extension 111. A fluid conductor tube 117 extends downwardly from the upper end of the shell It? in the same manner as the tube 17 of FIG. 1 and such tube 117 extends into the tube it so as to supply fluid under pressure into the interior of the tube till for inflating same When desired. The fluid in the tube St) may also be released through the tube 117 when it is desired to deflate the tube 80.

The modification of FIG. 9 is used when the bottom B-l is formed of rock or other material which is so hard that the jets 15 of FIGS. 1 and 7 cannot penetrate. In such cases, the bottom or material 3-1 is drilled with a rock bit to form an annular hole H2 and then the outer casing C4) is lowered to position the lower end of the casing C-3 in the hole H-2. The tube 89 is deflated until in such position, and then the fluid under pressure is admitted into the tube 8% from the tube 117 to inflate or expand the tube 80 into sealing contact with the wall of the hole H-Z. Water is then prevented from passing from the area externally of the casing C3 to the interior thereof due to the seal provided by the tube 30. The other steps in carrying out the method as described in connection with FIGS. 1 and 7 are then performed. After the concrete of the member F has hardened, the tube 80 is deflated by permitting a release of the fluid under pressure through the tube 117 and then the casing C-3 is withdrawn. It should be noted that after the casing C-3 is positioned in sealing contact with the wall of the hole H-2, the internal hole H3 is drilled and such hole H3 is smaller than the internal diameter of the extension 111 so that the concrete will not contact the casing -3.

The foregoing disclosure and description of the invention is illustrative and explanatory thereof and various changes in the size, shape and materials, as well as in the details of the illustrated construction, may be made within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.

What is claimed is:

1. An apparatus for use in forming foundation members of concrete or the like, comprising:

(a) an outer casing adapted to be positioned in a body of water with its lower end engaged with such bottom,

(b) fluid jet nozzles disposed eircumferentially on the lower end of said outer casing for directing jets of fluid into the bottom to thereby facilitate the penetration of such lower end of the outer casing in the bottom to form a seal therewith,

(c) tubular means mounted on said outer casing for supplying fluid under pressure to said jet nozzles,

(d) an inner casing disposed within the bore of said outer casing and adapted to have its lower end resting on the bottom also,

(e) said inner casing being of a smaller diameter than said outer casing to form an annular space therebetween for receiving sand,

(f) a jet fluid jacket mounted on the external surface of said outer casing,

(g) means for introducing fluid under pressure into said jet fluid jacket, and

(h) jet discharge nozzles in the Wall of said outer casing at longitudinally spaced points and in communication with said fluid jacket and the interior of said outer casing for transmitting the fluid under pressure into the sand.

2. An apparatus for use in forming foundation members of concrete or the like, comprising:

(1)) fluid jet nozzles disposed circumferentially on the lower end of said outer casing for directing jets of fluid into the bottom to thereby facilitate the penetration of such lower end of the outer casing in the bottom to form a seal therewith,

(a) said inner casing being of a smaller diameter than said outer casing to form an annular space therebetween for receiving sand,

(f) a plurality of longitudinal separator members on said inner casing and engageable with the inner wall of said outer casing to maintain said annular space,

g) a jet fluid jacket mounted on the external surface of said outer casing,

(11) means for introducing fluid under pressure into said jet fluid jacket, and

(i) jet discharge nozzles in the Wall of said outer casing at longitudinally spaced points and in communication with said fluid jacket and the interior of said outer casing for transmitting the fluid under pressure into the sand.

3. An apparatus for use in forming foundation members of concrete or the like, comprising:

(b) fluid jet nozzles disposed circumferentially on the lower end of said outer casing for directing jets of fluid into the bottom to thereby facilitate the penetration of such lower end of the outer casing in the bottom to form a seal therewith,

(c) tubular means mounted on said outer casing for supplying fluid under pressure to said jet nozzles, (d) an inner casing disposed within the bore of said outer casing and adapted to have its lower end resting on the bottom also,

(2) said inner casing being of a smaller diameter than said outer casing to form an annular space therebetween for receiving sand,

(f) a plurality of longitudinal separator members on said outer casing and engageable with the outer wall of said inner casing to maintain said annular space,

g) a jet fluid jacket mounted on the external surface of said outer casing,

(/1) means for introducing fluid under pressure into said jet fluid jacket, and

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 739,268 Shuman Sept. 15, 1903 961,788 Moran June 21, 1910 1,181,141 Johnson May 2, 1916 1,198,621 Davis Sept. 19, 1916 1,435,144 Bignell Nov. 14, 1922 1,552,711 Lane Sept. 8, 1925 1,651,215 Masztics Nov. 29, 1927 1,665,795 Sipe Apr. 10, 1928 1,686,738 Ellis Oct. 9, 1928 2,326,155 McCook Aug. 10, 1943 2,332,168 Riches Oct. 19, 1943 2,354,936 Bignell Aug. 1, 1944 2,555,951 Allard June 5, 1951 2,649,694 Pickman Aug. 25, 1953 2,663,064 Latham Dec. 22, 1953 2,757,225 Dunn July 31, 1956 2,763,038 Hagerty et al Sept. 18, 1956 2,924,947 Peterson Feb. 16, 1960 3,113,436 Nalen Dec. 10, 1963 FOREIGN PATENTS 18,467 Netherlands Aug. 15, 1928 732,494 Great Britain June 22, 1955 751,643 Germany June 22, 1953

Claims

2. AN APPARATUS FOR USE IN FORMING FOUNDATION MEMBERS OF CONCRETE OF THE LIKE, COMPRISING: (A) AN OUTER CASING ADAPTED TO BE POSITIONED IN A BODY OF WATER WITH ITS LOWER END ENGAGED WITH SUCH BOTTOM, (B) FLUID JET NOZZLES DISPOSED CIRCUMFERENTIALLY ON THE LOWER END OF SAID OUTER CASING FOR DIRECTING JETS OF FLUID INTO THE BOTTOM TO THEREBY FACILITATE THE PENETRATION OF SUCH LOWER END OF THE OUTER CASING IN THE BOTTOM TO FORM A SEAL THEREWITH, (C) TUBUALAR MEANS MOUNTED ON SAID OUTER CASING FOR SUPPLYING FLUID UNDER PRESSURE TO SAID JET NOZZLES, (D) AN INNER CASING DISPOSED WITHIN THE BORE OF SAID OUTER CASING AND ADAPTED TO HAVE ITS LOWER END RESTING ON THE BOTTOM ALSO, (E) SAID INNER CASING BEING OF A SMALLER DIAMETER THAN SAID OUTER CASING TO FORM AN ANNULAR SPACE THEREBETWEEN FOR RECEIVING SAND, (F) A PLURALITY OF LONGITUDINAL SEPARATOR MEMBERS ON SAID INNER CASING AND ENGAGEABLE WITH THE INNER WALL OF SAID OUTER CASING TO MAINTAIN SAID ANNULAR SPACE, (G) A JET FLUID JACKET MOUNTED ON THE EXTERNAL SURFACE OF SAID OUTER CASING, (H) MEANS FOR INTRODUCING FLUID UNDER PRESSURE INTO SAID JET FLUID JACKET, AND (I) JET DISCHARGE NOZZLE IN THE WALL OF SAID OUTER CASING AT LONGITUDINALLY SPACED POINTS AND IN COMMUNICATION WITH SAID FLUID JACKET AND THE INTERIOR OF SAID OUTER CASING FOR TRASMITTING THE FLUID UNDER PRESSURE INTO THE SAND.