US3160513A - High-temperature reflective coating and method of making the same - Google Patents

High-temperature reflective coating and method of making the same Download PDF

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US3160513A
US3160513A US149609A US14960961A US3160513A US 3160513 A US3160513 A US 3160513A US 149609 A US149609 A US 149609A US 14960961 A US14960961 A US 14960961A US 3160513 A US3160513 A US 3160513A
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Prior art keywords
aluminum
reflective coating
same
making
alloy
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US149609A
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Westerveld Willem
Flipse Johannes
Kruimink Rudolf Maurits
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US Philips Corp
North American Philips Co Inc
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US Philips Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K3/00—Apparatus or processes adapted to the manufacture, installing, removal, or maintenance of incandescent lamps or parts thereof
    • H01K3/005—Methods for coating the surface of the envelope
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/06—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with metals
    • C03C17/09—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with metals by deposition from the vapour phase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
    • C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
    • C03C2217/25—Metals
    • C03C2217/263—Metals other than noble metals, Cu or Hg
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
    • C03C2218/10—Deposition methods
    • C03C2218/15—Deposition methods from the vapour phase
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • Y10T428/263—Coating layer not in excess of 5 mils thick or equivalent
    • Y10T428/264—Up to 3 mils
    • Y10T428/265—1 mil or less

Definitions

  • Aluminum mirrors are frequently used in incandescent lamps.
  • the temperature of the aluminum l-ayer may locally increase to about 350 C., at which value the reflection power decreases.
  • a particular type of incandescent lamp provided with an aluminum mirror is obtained by sealing a conical part of pressed glass provided with an aluminum mirror to a flat part of pressed glass. For a short time the sealing temperature amounts to about 800 C. Under these conditions the mirror of pure aluminum thus obtained is transparent at the points Where these high temperatures prevailed.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method of manufacturing aluminum mirrors which are free of this drawback.
  • Such aluminum mirrors can be obtained by using an alloy of aluminum and a small quantity of one or more of the metals of the iron group; iron, cobalt and nickel.
  • the layers obtained by using this alloy may be exposed to high temperatures for a long time without any appreciable change in the layer taking place.
  • an alloy containing in total between 0.1 and 1% by weight of the said metals iron, cobalt and/or nickel For practical reasons use is preferably made of an alloy containing in total between 0.1 and 1% by weight of the said metals iron, cobalt and/or nickel. Below 0.1% by Weight the said effect is obtained to a much smaller extent and above 1% by weight difliculties arise, when the same source of heat, for example an incandescent helix of tungsten or molybdenum is employed for a long time to transfer by vaporisation repeatedly fresh quantities of the alloy. With the same temperature of the helix the vaporisation time required is then found to increase gradually. Possibly, this eflect may be ascribed to the enrichment of the incandescent helix in the metal admixture of the alloy.
  • FIG. 1 is an elevation of the source of heat.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a mirror coating arrangement.
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a lamp provided with an aluminum mirror according to the invention.
  • a suitable source of heat may, for example, be anincandescent helix of tungsten or molybdenum, designated by 1 in FIG. 1.
  • a strip 2 of the alloy to be vaporized is inserted into the helix.
  • the assembly may be arranged on a plate of suitable, insulating material, designated by 4 in FIG. 2.
  • a glass cone 3 On the plate 4 is arranged a glass cone 3, which communicates at 5 with an exhaust pump.
  • the incandescent helix is electrically heated to a temperature of about 2000 C. After approximately 10 seconds 15 mgs. of the alloy will provide a layer of about 1500 A. in thickness.
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a finished lamp; reference numeral 6 designates the aluminum mirror, provided on the conical part 3 of the lamp; after the mirror has been applied, the Hat or spherical part 7 is sealed to the conical part.
  • the mirror does not exhibit any visible change, when the aforesaid alloy is used. If pure aluminum (99.98%) is used, the edge of the mirror is transparent after the parts 3 and 7 have been sealed together.
  • a method of providing on a support a reflective coating capable of withstanding temperatures of at least 350 C. without loss of reflectivity comprising the stepof applying to the support a layer of an alloy consisting of about 99.0 to 99.9% by Weight of aluminum and about 0.1 to 1% by weight of a metal selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt and nickel.
  • An object comprising a support and a reflective coating thereon capable of withstanding temperatures of at least 350 C. without loss of reflectivity, said coating being an alloy consisting of about 99.0 to 99.9% by weight of aluminum and about 0.1 to 1% by weight of a metal selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt and nickel.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)

Description

1964 w. WESTERVELD ETAL 3,
COATING HIGH-TEMPERATURE REFLECTIVE AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME Filed Nov. 2. 1961 INVENTOR WILLEM WEST ERVELD JOHANNES FLIPSE BYRUDOLF M.K um K United States Patent 3,160,513 HIGH-TEMPERATURE REFLECTTVE (IQATHNG AND METHGD 6F MtAKlNG THE SAME Willem Westerveld, Johannes Fiipse, and Rudolf Maurits Kruiminir, all of Emmasingel, Eindhoven, Netherlands, assignors to North American Philips Company, lino, New York, N.Y., a corporation of Delaware Filed Nov. 2, 1961, Ser. No. 149,609 Claims priority, application Netherlands Nov. 19, 1960 2 Ciaims. (Cl. 11735) The invention relates to a method of applying aluminum by vaporisation to a support. The method according to the invention is particularly suitable for the manufacture of aluminum mirrors exposed to high temperatures.
Aluminum mirrors are frequently used in incandescent lamps.
When such a lamp burns, the temperature of the aluminum l-ayermay locally increase to about 350 C., at which value the reflection power decreases.
A particular type of incandescent lamp provided with an aluminum mirror is obtained by sealing a conical part of pressed glass provided with an aluminum mirror to a flat part of pressed glass. For a short time the sealing temperature amounts to about 800 C. Under these conditions the mirror of pure aluminum thus obtained is transparent at the points Where these high temperatures prevailed.
This phenomenon is probably to be attributed to recrystallisation in the layer.
The object of the invention is to provide a method of manufacturing aluminum mirrors which are free of this drawback.
It has been found that such aluminum mirrors can be obtained by using an alloy of aluminum and a small quantity of one or more of the metals of the iron group; iron, cobalt and nickel.
The layers obtained by using this alloy may be exposed to high temperatures for a long time without any appreciable change in the layer taking place.
For practical reasons use is preferably made of an alloy containing in total between 0.1 and 1% by weight of the said metals iron, cobalt and/or nickel. Below 0.1% by Weight the said effect is obtained to a much smaller extent and above 1% by weight difliculties arise, when the same source of heat, for example an incandescent helix of tungsten or molybdenum is employed for a long time to transfer by vaporisation repeatedly fresh quantities of the alloy. With the same temperature of the helix the vaporisation time required is then found to increase gradually. Probably, this eflect may be ascribed to the enrichment of the incandescent helix in the metal admixture of the alloy.
Patented Dec. 8, 1964 The method according to the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawing.
FIG. 1 is an elevation of the source of heat.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a mirror coating arrangement.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a lamp provided with an aluminum mirror according to the invention.
With the method according to the invention a suitable source of heat may, for example, be anincandescent helix of tungsten or molybdenum, designated by 1 in FIG. 1. A strip 2 of the alloy to be vaporized is inserted into the helix. The assembly may be arranged on a plate of suitable, insulating material, designated by 4 in FIG. 2. On the plate 4 is arranged a glass cone 3, which communicates at 5 with an exhaust pump. After adequate vacuum has been attained, for example between 10- and 10' mm. mercury, the incandescent helix is electrically heated to a temperature of about 2000 C. After approximately 10 seconds 15 mgs. of the alloy will provide a layer of about 1500 A. in thickness.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a finished lamp; reference numeral 6 designates the aluminum mirror, provided on the conical part 3 of the lamp; after the mirror has been applied, the Hat or spherical part 7 is sealed to the conical part. The mirror does not exhibit any visible change, when the aforesaid alloy is used. If pure aluminum (99.98%) is used, the edge of the mirror is transparent after the parts 3 and 7 have been sealed together.
What is claimed is:
1. A method of providing on a support a reflective coating capable of withstanding temperatures of at least 350 C. without loss of reflectivity comprising the stepof applying to the support a layer of an alloy consisting of about 99.0 to 99.9% by Weight of aluminum and about 0.1 to 1% by weight of a metal selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt and nickel.
' 2. An object comprising a support and a reflective coating thereon capable of withstanding temperatures of at least 350 C. without loss of reflectivity, said coating being an alloy consisting of about 99.0 to 99.9% by weight of aluminum and about 0.1 to 1% by weight of a metal selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt and nickel.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,160,714 Biggs May 30, 1939 2,918,595 Cressman Dec. 22, 1959 FOREIGN PATENTS 492,928 Great Britain Sept. 29, 1938

Claims (1)

1. A METHOD OF PROVIDING ON A SUPPORT A REFLECTIVE COATING CAPABLE OF WITHSTANDING TEMPERATURES OF AT LEAST 350*C. WITHOUT LOSS OF RELECTIVITY COMPRISING THE STEP OF APPLYING TO THE SUPPORT A LAYER OF AN ALLOY CONSISTING OF ABOUT 99.0 TO 99.9% BY WEIGHT OF ALUMINUM AND ABOUT 0.1 TO 1% BY WEIGHT OF A METAL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF IRON, COBALT AND NICKEL.
US149609A 1960-11-10 1961-11-02 High-temperature reflective coating and method of making the same Expired - Lifetime US3160513A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3807969A (en) * 1970-07-13 1974-04-30 Southwire Co Aluminum alloy electrical conductor
US3807016A (en) * 1970-07-13 1974-04-30 Southwire Co Aluminum base alloy electrical conductor

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB492928A (en) * 1936-10-06 1938-09-29 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to methods of coating articles with highly reflecting surfaces
US2160714A (en) * 1932-07-20 1939-05-30 Hygrade Sylvania Corp Apparatus for interiorly coating lamps, tubes, and the like
US2918595A (en) * 1957-04-29 1959-12-22 Gen Electric Coating composition for electric lamps

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2731366A (en) * 1948-12-28 1956-01-17 Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co Method of vapor depositing coatings of aluminum
US2731365A (en) * 1948-12-28 1956-01-17 Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co Method of vapor depositing coatings of aluminum
DE1091398B (en) * 1956-01-26 1960-10-20 Tervakoski Osakeyhtioe Process for the metallization of tape-shaped carriers in a high vacuum

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2160714A (en) * 1932-07-20 1939-05-30 Hygrade Sylvania Corp Apparatus for interiorly coating lamps, tubes, and the like
GB492928A (en) * 1936-10-06 1938-09-29 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to methods of coating articles with highly reflecting surfaces
US2918595A (en) * 1957-04-29 1959-12-22 Gen Electric Coating composition for electric lamps

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3807969A (en) * 1970-07-13 1974-04-30 Southwire Co Aluminum alloy electrical conductor
US3807016A (en) * 1970-07-13 1974-04-30 Southwire Co Aluminum base alloy electrical conductor

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