US3158705A - Combination graze and impact switch - Google Patents
Combination graze and impact switch Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3158705A US3158705A US242336A US24233662A US3158705A US 3158705 A US3158705 A US 3158705A US 242336 A US242336 A US 242336A US 24233662 A US24233662 A US 24233662A US 3158705 A US3158705 A US 3158705A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- conducting member
- projectile
- switch
- graze
- impact
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
- F42C19/06—Electric contact parts specially adapted for use with electric fuzes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H35/00—Switches operated by change of a physical condition
- H01H35/14—Switches operated by change of acceleration, e.g. by shock or vibration, inertia switch
Definitions
- This invention relates to a combination graze and impact switch and more particularly to a laminated direct impact sensor consisting of electrical conductors of varying thicknesses and materials which are separated by dielectric elements, and in inertially operated spring-mass graze sensor.
- An object of this invention is to provide a switch to close an electrical firing circuit in a rocket or projectile fuze when actuated by direct or graze impact of the projectile; direct impact being defined as good contact of the projectile with a target and with good perpendicular relationship therewith, and graze impact meaning a glancing contact of the projectile with a target at angles of less than one degree.
- Another object of this invention is to provide a switch of laminated construction that will resist accidental closing thereof.
- a further object of this invention is to provide a graze and impact switch that will reset itself in event of an impact of insufiicient force to close it.
- a still further object is to provide a laminated graze and impact switch having predetermined operating levels which can be varied separately for graze and impact forces over a wide range of magnitudes.
- a final object is to provide a graze and impact switch of simple construction and having great reliability of operation.
- FIG. 1 is a fragmentary section view showing a simple forrm of the switch of the invention
- FIG. 2 is a fragmentary view showing a switch provided with additional components
- FIG. 3 is a side elevation of the nose portion of a projectile with parts broken away and showing one application of the switch of this invention therein.
- FIG. 1 there is illustrated a simple form of the switch of the invention, in axial section, and in this view, only the essential elements operating on direct projectile target impact are shown.
- a disc shaped conductor 1, of springlike metal is supported between supports 2 of dielectric material.
- a second conductor 3 is spaced from conductor 1 by the dielectric supports 2 to form an air gap 4 therebetween.
- Electrical leads 5 and 6 are connected to conductors 1 and 3 respectively and connect the conductors 1 and 3 to a firing circuit in a projectile, not shown.
- the switch of FIG. 1 has been provided with additional components to further increase safety and versatility thereof.
- a third conductor '7 is added and is spaced between conductors 1 and 3 by a dielectric support 8 to form a second air space 9.
- An additional lead 10 connects the conductors 1 and 7 to a lead 5 and a common terminal 11.
- Conductor '7 may be formed of ductile material, if desired, to effect permanent closure of the switch. In any case, the final contact must be made between conductors 7 and 3 to effect closure of the switch.
- the polarity shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 is arbitrary and canbe changed without affecting the closing of the switch; the size of all air gaps 4 and 9, and the thicknesses of dielectric supports 2 and S can lie varied and also the dielectric supports may be made of various dielectric materials to accommodate the varied magnitudes of impact forces.
- FIG. 3 there is illustrated a portion of a projectile 12 with its skin broken away to reveal one form of a switch, constructed according to the invention, completely assembled therein.
- the switch assembly is indicated generally by 13 and is composed of a relatively heavy cup 14 which is secured in projectile 1 by threads 15.
- Cup 15 is provided with a flange 18 and a spacer nut 19, threadably mounted in projectile 1 by threads 28, and abuts flange 18 to secure cup 16 in the assembly.
- a graze mechanism is provided in switch 13 and consists of a ball support 20 positioned in projectile l and is provided with a central boss 21 having an axial bore 22 which normally houses a steel ball 23. Ball 23 is normally retained by a leaf spring 24 in bore 22.
- a washer 25 of dielectric material between flange 18 and ball support 20 electrically insulates support 26 ⁇ from cup 16. Cup 16 forms one electrical conductor, while ball support 2% forms a second conductor.
- Leads 26 and 27 connect cups 1 3 and in respectively, to the firing circuit (not shown) in the projectile 1 for the initiation of the explosion thereof.
- Cup 14 further acts as a protection against accidental closing of the switch 13, such as might occur in dropping of the projectile or rough handling thereof.
- the operation of the switch 13 is simple. When projectile 12 hits a target directly, the impact force will crush the nose, or whatever other element is employed, to crush cup 14 to deform, in turn, cup 16 against ball support 2%) and close the switch 13 whereby the firing circuit of the projectile 1 (not shown) will be closed to initiate firing of the projectile.
- Predetermined operating levels for the switches shown in FIGS. 1-3, can be selected by varying the strength and spacing of the conducting elements and the air gaps to meet the varied impact force magnitudes.
- the operation levels for the graze impact forces can be controlled also by the design of the spring element 24.
- switch of the invention has been shown and described in the foregoing specification as being applied to a projectile, other uses for the switch may be found where its use is applicable.
- a combination graze and impact switch for closing a projectile electric firing circuit and including a laminated assembly secured in said projectile, said assembly comprising a crushable member; a first electrical conducting member, a spacing element disposed between said crushable member and said first conducting member whereby said crushable member is spaced from said first conducting member to form an air gap therebetween; a second electrical conducting member; a nonconduct-' ing member between said first conducting member and said second conducting member whereby said second conducting member is spaced from said first conducting member, whereby upon a direct target impact of said propectile, said crushable member is crushed against said first conducting member to cause said first conducting member to deform and contact said second conducting member to close said switch; and a graze actuated means carried by said second conducting member compnising a steel ball housed in said second conducting member and a leaf spring connected at one of its ends to said second conducting member and normally retaining said steel ball against movement out of said second conducting member, said steel ball, upon projectile graze, moving out of said second conducting member against
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Switches Operated By Changes In Physical Conditions (AREA)
Description
Nov. 24, 1964 R. w. BLISS COMBINATION GRAZE AND IMPACT SWITCH Filed Dec. 4, 1962 INVENTOR. .Euberi 1d. Bliss United States Patent 3,158,7ti COMBKNATIQN GRAZE AND IMPACT SWHTCH Robert W. Bliss, Champaign, llL, assignor, by mesne assignments, to the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Army Filed Dec. 4, i962, Ser. No. 242,336 2 Claims. (Cl. 2tltl6i.tl8)
This invention relates to a combination graze and impact switch and more particularly to a laminated direct impact sensor consisting of electrical conductors of varying thicknesses and materials which are separated by dielectric elements, and in inertially operated spring-mass graze sensor.
An object of this invention is to provide a switch to close an electrical firing circuit in a rocket or projectile fuze when actuated by direct or graze impact of the projectile; direct impact being defined as good contact of the projectile with a target and with good perpendicular relationship therewith, and graze impact meaning a glancing contact of the projectile with a target at angles of less than one degree.
Another object of this invention is to provide a switch of laminated construction that will resist accidental closing thereof. i
A further object of this invention is to provide a graze and impact switch that will reset itself in event of an impact of insufiicient force to close it.
A still further object is to provide a laminated graze and impact switch having predetermined operating levels which can be varied separately for graze and impact forces over a wide range of magnitudes.
A final object is to provide a graze and impact switch of simple construction and having great reliability of operation.
The specific nature of the invention as well as other objects and advantages thereof, will clearly appear from a description of a preferred embodiment as shown in the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary section view showing a simple forrm of the switch of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary view showing a switch provided with additional components, and
FIG. 3 is a side elevation of the nose portion of a projectile with parts broken away and showing one application of the switch of this invention therein.
Referring now to the drawing in which (see FIG. 1) there is illustrated a simple form of the switch of the invention, in axial section, and in this view, only the essential elements operating on direct projectile target impact are shown. A disc shaped conductor 1, of springlike metal is supported between supports 2 of dielectric material. A second conductor 3 is spaced from conductor 1 by the dielectric supports 2 to form an air gap 4 therebetween.
Upon a direct target impact of a projectile (no projectile being shown in this view), force F, caused by crushing of the projectiles nose or an impact operated member in the projectiles nose will deform conductor 1 through air gap 4 to contact conductor 3, thus closing the firing circuit (not shown) through leads 5 and 6:
As shown in FIG. 2, the switch of FIG. 1 has been provided with additional components to further increase safety and versatility thereof.
A third conductor '7 is added and is spaced between conductors 1 and 3 by a dielectric support 8 to form a second air space 9.
An additional lead 10 connects the conductors 1 and 7 to a lead 5 and a common terminal 11.
3,153,765 Patented Nov. 24, 1964 Upon a direct hit of the projectile, conductor 1, being of spring-like material will deform to contact second conductor 7 and deform that conductor to contact conductor 3 to close the switch. I
Conductor '7 may be formed of ductile material, if desired, to effect permanent closure of the switch. In any case, the final contact must be made between conductors 7 and 3 to effect closure of the switch.
The polarity shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 is arbitrary and canbe changed without affecting the closing of the switch; the size of all air gaps 4 and 9, and the thicknesses of dielectric supports 2 and S can lie varied and also the dielectric supports may be made of various dielectric materials to accommodate the varied magnitudes of impact forces.
Obviously, many combinations are possible.
In FIG. 3, there is illustrated a portion of a projectile 12 with its skin broken away to reveal one form of a switch, constructed according to the invention, completely assembled therein. The switch assembly is indicated generally by 13 and is composed of a relatively heavy cup 14 which is secured in projectile 1 by threads 15.
A second cup 16 of relatively thinner metal than cup 14 is spaced from cup 14 to provide an air gap 17. Cup 15 is provided with a flange 18 and a spacer nut 19, threadably mounted in projectile 1 by threads 28, and abuts flange 18 to secure cup 16 in the assembly.
A graze mechanism is provided in switch 13 and consists of a ball support 20 positioned in projectile l and is provided with a central boss 21 having an axial bore 22 which normally houses a steel ball 23. Ball 23 is normally retained by a leaf spring 24 in bore 22. A washer 25 of dielectric material between flange 18 and ball support 20 electrically insulates support 26} from cup 16. Cup 16 forms one electrical conductor, while ball support 2% forms a second conductor.
The operation of the switch 13 is simple. When projectile 12 hits a target directly, the impact force will crush the nose, or whatever other element is employed, to crush cup 14 to deform, in turn, cup 16 against ball support 2%) and close the switch 13 whereby the firing circuit of the projectile 1 (not shown) will be closed to initiate firing of the projectile.
If a glancing impact of projectile 1 occurs, steel ball 23 moves out of bore 22 to force spring 24 against cup 16 and close the switch 13.
Predetermined operating levels, for the switches shown in FIGS. 1-3, can be selected by varying the strength and spacing of the conducting elements and the air gaps to meet the varied impact force magnitudes.
The operation levels for the graze impact forces can be controlled also by the design of the spring element 24.
While the switch of the invention has been shown and described in the foregoing specification as being applied to a projectile, other uses for the switch may be found where its use is applicable.
Variations and modifications may be eitected without departing frorn the scope of the novel concept of the present invention as set forth in the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. A combination graze and impact switch for closing a projectile electric firing circuit and including a laminated assembly secured in said projectile, said assembly comprising a crushable member; a first electrical conducting member, a spacing element disposed between said crushable member and said first conducting member whereby said crushable member is spaced from said first conducting member to form an air gap therebetween; a second electrical conducting member; a nonconduct-' ing member between said first conducting member and said second conducting member whereby said second conducting member is spaced from said first conducting member, whereby upon a direct target impact of said propectile, said crushable member is crushed against said first conducting member to cause said first conducting member to deform and contact said second conducting member to close said switch; and a graze actuated means carried by said second conducting member compnising a steel ball housed in said second conducting member and a leaf spring connected at one of its ends to said second conducting member and normally retaining said steel ball against movement out of said second conducting member, said steel ball, upon projectile graze, moving out of said second conducting member against the bias of said spring to contact said first conducting member and close said switch.
2. A switch as set forth in claim 1 wherein said crushable element is relatively thicker than said first conducting member.
References Cited by the Examiner FOREIGN PATENTS 692,015 5/53 Great Britain.
BERNARD A. GILHEANY, Primary Examiner.
Claims (1)
1. A COMBINATION GRAZE AND IMPACT SWITCH FOR CLOSING A PROJECTILE ELECTRIC FIRING CIRCUIT AND INCLUDING A LAMINATED ASSEMBLY SECURED IN SAID PROJECTILE, SAID ASSEMBLY COMPRISING A CRUSHABLE MEMBER; A FIRST ELECTRICAL CONDUCTING MEMBER, A SPACING ELEMENT DISPOSED BETWEEN SAID CRUSHABLE MEMBER AND SAID FIRST CONDUCTING MEMBER WHEREBY SAID CRUSHABLE MEMBER IS SPACED FROM SAID FIRST CONDUCTING MEMBER TO FORM A AIR GAP THEREBETWEEN; A SECOND ELECTRICAL CONDUCTING MEMBER; A NONCONDUCTING MEMBER BETWEEN SAID FIRST CONDUCTING MEMBER AND SAID SECOND CONDUCTING MEMBER WHEREBY SAID SECOND CONDUCTING MEMBER IS SPACED FROM SAID FIRST CONDUCTING MEMBER, WHERBY UPON A DIRECT TARGET IMPACT OF SAID PROJECTILE, SAID CRUSHABLE MEMBER IS CRUSHED AGAINST SAID FIRST CONDUCTING MEMBER TO CAUSE SAID FIRST CONDUCTING MEMBER TO DEFORM AND CONTACT SAID SECOND CONDUCTING MEMBER TO CLOSE SAID SWITCH; AND A GRAZE ACTUATED MEANS CARRIED BY SAID SECOND CONDUCTING MEMBER COMPRISING A STEEL BALL HOUSED IN SAID SECOND CONDUCTING MEMBER AND A LEAF SPRING CONNECTED AT ONE OF ITS ENDS TO SAID SECOND CONDUCTING MEMBER AND NORMALLY RETAINING SAID STEEL BALL AGAINST MOVEMENT OUT OF SAID SECOND CONDUCTING MEMBER, SAID STEEL BALL, UPON PROJECTILE GRAZE, MOVING OUT OF SAID SECOND CONDUCTING MEMBER AGAINST THE BIAS OF SAID SPRING TO CONTACT SAID FIRST CONDUCTING MEMBER AND CLOSE SAID SWITCH.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US242336A US3158705A (en) | 1962-12-04 | 1962-12-04 | Combination graze and impact switch |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US242336A US3158705A (en) | 1962-12-04 | 1962-12-04 | Combination graze and impact switch |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US3158705A true US3158705A (en) | 1964-11-24 |
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US242336A Expired - Lifetime US3158705A (en) | 1962-12-04 | 1962-12-04 | Combination graze and impact switch |
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Cited By (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3621163A (en) * | 1970-01-19 | 1971-11-16 | Acb Corp | Inertia switch |
US3722415A (en) * | 1963-04-19 | 1973-03-27 | Us Navy | Electrostatic contact fuze |
US3769911A (en) * | 1971-12-14 | 1973-11-06 | Atomic Energy Commission | Contact fuse |
US3783791A (en) * | 1970-11-07 | 1974-01-08 | Rheinmetall Gmbh | Switch for electrical impact detonators |
US3927286A (en) * | 1972-06-13 | 1975-12-16 | Foehl Artur | Inertia type switch having bridging ball contactor and plural, concentric conductive ring array |
US3931764A (en) * | 1973-06-28 | 1976-01-13 | Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm Gmbh | Accelerator switch |
US3939692A (en) * | 1973-11-05 | 1976-02-24 | Bolliger Alfred R | Assembly for testing shock absorbers incorporated in vehicles |
US3990368A (en) * | 1972-05-01 | 1976-11-09 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Actuator assembly for munition fuze |
US4030418A (en) * | 1975-10-30 | 1977-06-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Gravity deployed mine with combined upper clearing charge firing and delayed main charge initiation |
US4036143A (en) * | 1975-03-26 | 1977-07-19 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Impact contact device for projectiles |
US4040354A (en) * | 1975-10-30 | 1977-08-09 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Gravity-deployed double-ended anti-tank mine |
USRE29434E (en) * | 1973-11-05 | 1977-10-11 | Assembly for testing shock absorbers incorporated in a vehicle | |
US4058060A (en) * | 1975-10-30 | 1977-11-15 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Gravity-deployed munition with a mechanical gravity-controlled switch |
US4480550A (en) * | 1982-07-26 | 1984-11-06 | Motorola, Inc. | Relative velocity sensor for void sensing fuzes and the like |
US4513664A (en) * | 1983-05-13 | 1985-04-30 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Impact switch for guided projectiles |
FR2555304A1 (en) * | 1983-11-23 | 1985-05-24 | Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm | Inner contact cowling for naval target projectiles |
US4581507A (en) * | 1984-12-26 | 1986-04-08 | Motorola, Inc. | Impact switch |
US4587903A (en) * | 1982-12-08 | 1986-05-13 | Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft | Tripping system for electrical percussion fuses |
US4715281A (en) * | 1985-09-26 | 1987-12-29 | Gebruder Junghans Gmbh | Impact switch for fuses |
WO1999006787A1 (en) * | 1997-08-01 | 1999-02-11 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Acceleration/deceleration sensing switch for munitions |
US6105504A (en) * | 1969-06-30 | 2000-08-22 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Contact exploder |
US7614345B1 (en) * | 2005-06-27 | 2009-11-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of The Navy | Impact switch |
US11085745B1 (en) * | 2020-02-10 | 2021-08-10 | James Sherwood Pierce, Sr. | Two stage projectile for armor piercing |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB692015A (en) * | 1950-07-21 | 1953-05-27 | Graviner Manufacturing Co | Improvements in or relating to aircraft provided with crash or impact detecting devices |
-
1962
- 1962-12-04 US US242336A patent/US3158705A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB692015A (en) * | 1950-07-21 | 1953-05-27 | Graviner Manufacturing Co | Improvements in or relating to aircraft provided with crash or impact detecting devices |
Cited By (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3722415A (en) * | 1963-04-19 | 1973-03-27 | Us Navy | Electrostatic contact fuze |
US6105504A (en) * | 1969-06-30 | 2000-08-22 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Contact exploder |
US3621163A (en) * | 1970-01-19 | 1971-11-16 | Acb Corp | Inertia switch |
US3783791A (en) * | 1970-11-07 | 1974-01-08 | Rheinmetall Gmbh | Switch for electrical impact detonators |
US3769911A (en) * | 1971-12-14 | 1973-11-06 | Atomic Energy Commission | Contact fuse |
US3990368A (en) * | 1972-05-01 | 1976-11-09 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Actuator assembly for munition fuze |
US3927286A (en) * | 1972-06-13 | 1975-12-16 | Foehl Artur | Inertia type switch having bridging ball contactor and plural, concentric conductive ring array |
US3931764A (en) * | 1973-06-28 | 1976-01-13 | Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm Gmbh | Accelerator switch |
USRE29434E (en) * | 1973-11-05 | 1977-10-11 | Assembly for testing shock absorbers incorporated in a vehicle | |
US3939692A (en) * | 1973-11-05 | 1976-02-24 | Bolliger Alfred R | Assembly for testing shock absorbers incorporated in vehicles |
US4036143A (en) * | 1975-03-26 | 1977-07-19 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Impact contact device for projectiles |
US4058060A (en) * | 1975-10-30 | 1977-11-15 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Gravity-deployed munition with a mechanical gravity-controlled switch |
US4040354A (en) * | 1975-10-30 | 1977-08-09 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Gravity-deployed double-ended anti-tank mine |
US4030418A (en) * | 1975-10-30 | 1977-06-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Gravity deployed mine with combined upper clearing charge firing and delayed main charge initiation |
US4480550A (en) * | 1982-07-26 | 1984-11-06 | Motorola, Inc. | Relative velocity sensor for void sensing fuzes and the like |
US4587903A (en) * | 1982-12-08 | 1986-05-13 | Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft | Tripping system for electrical percussion fuses |
US4513664A (en) * | 1983-05-13 | 1985-04-30 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Impact switch for guided projectiles |
FR2555304A1 (en) * | 1983-11-23 | 1985-05-24 | Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm | Inner contact cowling for naval target projectiles |
US4581507A (en) * | 1984-12-26 | 1986-04-08 | Motorola, Inc. | Impact switch |
US4715281A (en) * | 1985-09-26 | 1987-12-29 | Gebruder Junghans Gmbh | Impact switch for fuses |
WO1999006787A1 (en) * | 1997-08-01 | 1999-02-11 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Acceleration/deceleration sensing switch for munitions |
US5914459A (en) * | 1997-08-01 | 1999-06-22 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Acceleration/deceleration sensing switch for munitions |
US7614345B1 (en) * | 2005-06-27 | 2009-11-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of The Navy | Impact switch |
US11085745B1 (en) * | 2020-02-10 | 2021-08-10 | James Sherwood Pierce, Sr. | Two stage projectile for armor piercing |
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