US315529A - Oil-press - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1., J. H. MOGOWAN.

oIL PRESS. 4No. 315.529. Patented Apr. 14, 1885.

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(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2,

J. H. MoGfOWAN.`

on. PRESS.

No. 315,529. Patented Apr; 14. 1885.

Inventar.;

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Jonn'n. McGowan, or CINCINNATI, onIo.

OIL-PRESS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No; 315,529, dated April 14, 1885.

Application med-December 1B, 18H. (No model.)

To all whom it may convent-.-

Be it known that I, JOHN H. McGowan, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cincinnati, Ohio, have invented new and useful Improvements in Oil-Presses, of which the following is a speciication.

My invention relates to improvements in presses for the extraction of oils from oil-bearing substances-such as tla'xseed, cotton-seed,l Ste-its principal object' being `to provide in a press of this character a free drainage under pressure by channels wholly contained within the casing at all available points in relation to the mass under compression, said channels being contracted to the smallest limit of size to avoid clogging by fibrous or other solid matters, yet affording a free passage for the oil under pressure, thus subjecting the oil to a semi-filtration in and during the process of extraction, thereby requirin less settling and producing a purer nal pro uct.

Other objects 0f my invention relate to structural improvements with a view to economy of cost and production, all as hereinafter more fully pointed out. Y

Mechanism embodying my invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is ageneral perspective elevation of myimproved press complete; Fig. 2, ahorizontal section'of the press-casing taken about midway of its axial length; Fig. 3, ,a partial perspective view of one of the sides of the casingremoved; Fig. 4, apar-tial perspective view of a removable lining separated from the casing; Fig. 5, a perspective view of `a sin le press-mat, showing some of the slats partially withdrawn; Fig. 6, a similar perspective view of a double press-mat; Fig. 7, a plan view of a mat, indicating a preferred :form of the presseasing, being wider, lasindicated, in front than in rear; Fig. 8, a horizontal cross-section of a. press-casing with cylindrical interior; Fig. 9, a partial perspective view of lcine side of said casing, showing the construction of the interior walls; Fi 10, apartial perspective view of a removab e liningadapted to saidcylindrical casing; Figs. 11 and 12, perspective views of single and double mats adapted to cylindrical -casingfandA Fig. 13 a detail vertical section of the hinged'pipc-joint for carrying steam or other heating medium into the hinged door of the press-casing.

Letters of reference on the drawings indicate the parts designated in the following description.

The general mechanism of the press con sists of a hydraulic cylinder, A, plunger B, a platen or press-block, O, provided with Aa surrounding drip-gallery, c, these parts being arranged in the usual manner between vertical side standards, D D, connected above by a cross-bar, E, from which depends a compress casing, F, open at the bottom, and having one of its sides, F', swung upon hinges and provided with fastening-bolts w, permitting the same to be opened as a door to aord ready access to the interior. rlhese general features are clearly indicated in Fig. 1, which represents the door F standing open, exposing the interior to View, containing a partially-completcd series of bags. G, of oil-bearing material loaded upon the platenfor the pressing operation. The comprcsscasing may be four sided interiorly, as shown, with cylindrical exterior, or may be cylindrical both exterorly and interorly with one-half hinged, as iudicated in Fig. S, or may beA wholly rectangular; but the form iirst shown is preferred.

The inner sides of the compress-casing are recessed, as shown in Fig. 3, for the reception of a lining, preferablyn removable, and the generallyepressed surface of the recess may be vertically channeled, as at aa, and,'whcre 4removable linings are employed, is further horizontally recessed at top and bottom, as at b, to receive and retain the'liuiug H, which, when in position, fills the general recess and constitutes the iiush plane inner surface ofthe casing.

` The removable lining H consists of a number of. metal slats, d, y preferably of steel of nearly rectangular cross-section,bnt slightly narrowed at the rear, arranged vertically side by side and secured to across-bar, e,a`daptcd to t in the recesses b. l-he thickncssof the slats equalsthe depth ofthe general' depression in the side of the compress-casingnnd that of the cross-bars the additional depth of the recesses b, so that when the lining is in place it'iills the general depression in the'side of the casing, and forms a flush plane surface, the

slats being of such width that the interstices between them register with the channels a. lt is to be understood that the slats l are planed smooth and are in close contact at their meeting edges, the interstices being, therefore, exceedingly minute and permeable by the oil only under pressure.

For cleansing purposes alternate slats only are secured permanently to the cross-bars, the intermediate slats being provided with dowel-pins entering sockets in the cross-bar, and held in place when'in the compress by the upper plate, i, rcmovabl y secured to the crossbar E and by thc platen C, both of which in use project within the casing. The object of this construction is to permit the removal of the lining to facilitate the cleansing of the cas ing and lo permit the separation ofthe lining for a similar purpose` Where a. removable lining is not used, the slats d may be secured directly to the compress-casing and the crossbar c and its containing recess b wholly omitted in the construction. The channelsaaare not absolutely essential, and may, it' preferred, he omitted, in which case the drainage passes downward between the slats in the larger interstices formed by narrowing the slats at the rear. In either case the vertical drainagechannels open below through the bottom of the casing, and the expressed oil dripsthencc into the gallery c surrounding the platen, and is thence conducted by pipes to the final rc ceptaclc. The walls of the casing are further made hollow, preferably as shown at O, Figs. 2 and S, with strcngtheni11g-partitions f, arranged to constitute a substantially continu ons return channel by means of openings through the partitions above and below for the passage of steam, hot water, or other heating medium, admitted by pipe g, and carried by pipes h. h from one portion of the casing to another, and by a tlexible pipe or pivotal pipe-joint, p, to the swinging segment or door permitting thclatter to be opened at will with out breaking connection. If a pivotal connection is nsed,it should be located in the vertical hinge-line el' the door, and thc construction shown in Fig. 13 will be found convenient, consisting of the ordinary conical plug stop-cock with a continuons peripheral groove around the plug permitting an nniinpeded flow of the heating medium, whether the door is open or sluit.

ln connection with the drainage-channels of the casing I employ drainage-mats interposed between the bags of oil-yielding materiahconstrurtcd as follows: Upon the npperand lower surihces of a sheet of metal, i, titting the interior horizontal area of thc casing, are sccured a series ot parallel slats, d', similar to those before described, but preferably arranged at right angles on opposite sides of the sheet and covering each surface entire. The slats heilig slightly narrowed nt tho sides in contact with the plates and correspomliin;r in width with the slats d of the casing, the horizontal drainage chan-nels thus formed practically register at opposite sides wit-h those ot' opposite sides ot' thc easing, the two series thus formed at opposite sides of the mat communicating with the four sides of the casing-that is, one series to each two 0pposite sides thereof, thus equalizing thcdistribution of oil to the drainage-channels of the casing.

In practico it is desirable to construct the central sheet a little smaller than the area covered by the slats, thus practically forming a horizontal channel communicating with all thc casing-channels crossed thereby and rendering it; immaterial whether the channels ot' the mat-slats and those of the casingslats exactly register. The upper and lower mats of the press-load may have the slats at one side of the sheet wholly omitted, thus forming what may be called single mats, such as shown in Figs. 5 and 12, and in constructing the mats it is desirable that each alternate stat should be attached by screws or other fastening, permitting their removal for cleansing purposes.

In the general construction of the compress casing it is desirable that the side of the casing opposite the door, where the four-sided interior is employed, should be narrowed for convenience in removing the press-load, in which ease the horizontal area. would conform to the plan indicated in Fig. 7, and the form of the mat be modified accordingly.

In the practical use and operation of the press,the parts being in the position shown in Fig. 1 the load of bags containing the oil-bearing material is placed upon the platen upon one of the mats, preferably a single mat, and drainage-mats are interposed between the successive bags, with their drainage-channels arranged, as hereiuhelore indicated, to alternate the distribution of expressed oil to the sides ot' the easing uniformly, and the whole surinouuted by a mat, preferably single, and the door closed and fastened. Steam, hot water, or other heating medium having been previously introduced or being now introduced to heat the casing by passing through the return channels, as indicated, power is applied to the ram and the platen elevated. By the pressa re thus given the expressed oil is forced from the material and conducted through the mat-channels to the easing-channels, and tlows thence downward into the drip-gallery.

In practice a block, k, is interposed between the platen-head or pressblock and the cylinder A, thus retaining the press-block always just within the casing, and similarly a removable block, I, titting the interior area ol' the casing is secured to the head or cross-bar E of the press. These, in caso removable linings are employed in the press, serve to hold the slats d in place, and permit their convenient; rcnmval for cleansing purposes by dropping the platen-head and removing the block I.

In case it should be deemed desirable to construct thc compress-casing with but two or even one sido channeled, the drainage-nuits IlO will be modtcd accordingly, the slats being arranged parallel on both sides. A similar modiiication may be made in the mais adapted to the circular casing and the )nat-channels arranged to communicate with alternato channels of the casing.

I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States- 1. In au oil-press, a eompressbox adapted tocontain the material for pressure huilt up directly in successive layers provided with a door at one side and with hollow walls, arranged as return-channels for the circulation and distribution of a heating agent around the oil-bearing material during the pressing operation, substantially as set forth.

2. In an oilpress, a compress box or casing having open vertical grooves channeled in its inner sides and provided with vertical liningbars whose iutcrstices register with said chaunels, substantially as and l'or the purpose set fort-h.

3. A compress-box or casing for oilpresses constructed of two or more sections or segments, in combination with linings composed of vertical slats for the inner sides, with suitable interstices for the ont-diainage ofthe oil between said linings and the casing, as set forth.

4. In an oil-press, a compress box or easing having one or more sides provided with interior openings or channels for the circulation of steam or other heating medium, and a sep arable side or door similarly provided, substantially as set forth.

5. In an oil-press, a compress bex or casi ng constructed with hollow sides for the circulation of steam or other heatilnf,r agent, and a hinged door similarly constructed, and a ilexiblc or jointed pipeconnect-ion pcrmittingthe opening of the door without destroying said connection, substantially as set forth.

b'. In a laterally-imperforated oil-press, a compress box or easing provided with interior vertical dranagechannels opening through the casing below, in combination with a platrn-block provided with a drip gallery arranged beneath the drainage-channels ofthe compress-box, substantially as set forth.

7. A compress box or easing, consisting of two or more segments or sides, said segments or sides heilig made hollow and provided with division partitions perforated alternately above and below to constitute a substantially continuous channel throughout for the passage of a heating medium, substantially as set forth.

S. In combination with an oil compress box or casing having removable linings, ablock or plate removably secured Within the casing to the head or cross-bar of the press, as and for the purpose set forth.

9. In nn oil-press, in combination with a compress box or using provided with vertically-channeled inner surfaces, a division-mat provided with horizontal channels registering with those of the easing, substantially as set forth.

l0. 'in an oil-press1 in combination with a. compress box creasing provided with interior drainage-chan nels, a division-mat constructed with drainage-channels at opposite sides extending in different directions, substantially as set forth.

1l. In an oil-press, in combination with a compress box or casing provided with interior drainage-channels, a divisionnnat consisting ot' a metal plate provided at either or both sides with a series of contiguous slats, the interstiees between whose meeting surfaces coustitute drainage-channels, substantially as set forth.

12. A division-mat for oil-presses consistinf.,r of a metal plate provided at, one or both sides with slats, each alternate slat being removable, substantially as set forth.

13. A compress box or casing for oil-presses having.;` its inner sides recessed and provided with removable linings tilting said recesses and constituting a flush plane surface when in place, substantially as set forth.

1t. In an oil-press, a laterally-imperforate compress-casing having its inner surface provided with eontinuous vertical drainage-chaunels opening int-eriorly, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hund in the presence of two subscribing wit nessus.

JJIIN Il. MCGOWAN.

Witnesscsz L. M. llosm, Annan Mir.

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