US3127879A - Cooling cylinder liners of internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Cooling cylinder liners of internal combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
US3127879A
US3127879A US256341A US25634163A US3127879A US 3127879 A US3127879 A US 3127879A US 256341 A US256341 A US 256341A US 25634163 A US25634163 A US 25634163A US 3127879 A US3127879 A US 3127879A
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Prior art keywords
cylinder
liner
bore
internal combustion
oil
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US256341A
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Giacosa Dante
Torazza Giovanni
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Fiat SpA
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Fiat SpA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
    • F01P3/02—Arrangements for cooling cylinders or cylinder heads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/02—Pressure lubrication using lubricating pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P9/00—Cooling having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P7/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P9/00—Cooling having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P7/00
    • F01P9/04—Cooling having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P7/00 by simultaneous or alternative use of direct air-cooling and liquid cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/02—Cylinders; Cylinder heads  having cooling means
    • F02F1/10—Cylinders; Cylinder heads  having cooling means for liquid cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
    • F01P2003/006—Liquid cooling the liquid being oil

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a device for cooling the cylinder liners of internal combustion engines by means of the lubricating oil.
  • An object of this invention is to provide a device which affords advantages such as noiseless run of the engine of known water cooling devices having an opened or pressurized circuit, as well as advantages of quick reaching of the operational temperature of the air cooling devices, while avoiding inherent drawbacks of such iknown devices.
  • the lubricating oil for cooling purposes has to flow at a high speed along the surface to be cooled.
  • the improved cooling device comprises annular interstices of relatively small cross section, formed around the cylinders liners, through which pressure oil derived from a branch of the lubricating circuit is circulated and then cooled in a cooler.
  • the cross-sectional area of oil flow should be calculated in such manner that at highest engine power the oil speed is between 1 and 2 m./sec., this being the range within which the mos-t efficient cooling is afforded.
  • FIGURE 1 is a diagrammatical representation of the cooling device
  • FIGURE 2 is a diagrammatical vertical sectional view of a cylinder liner
  • FIGURE 3 shows an enlarged detail of FIG. 2.
  • a cylinder liner 1 of an internal combustion engine is provided externally and intermediately its ends with a circumferentially extending recess having a depth varying from a minimum value at one end to a maximum value at the opposite end of the liner.
  • the recess is of a truncated cone shape having a surface S.
  • the liner is fitted into the bore in an engine block 2, in such a manner that its end having the larger base of said surface S faces the cylinder head 2a.
  • a tapering annular clearance 3 is formed, having a crosssectional area diminishing towards the cylinder head.
  • the annular clearance 3 extends between a lower annular channel 4 and a top annular channel 5, both formed in the engine block.
  • the outer surface S of the liner 1 is preferably grooved as shown by 1a in a substantially circumferential direction, the grooves being for instance similar to a screw thread, in order to extend the contact surface between the liner and oil in the clearance 3.
  • the depth of grooves 1a and annular cross-sectional area of the gap 3 should be conveniently varied along the liner to suit the heat quantity to be removed from "ice the liner, which heat quantity increases towards the cylinder head.
  • a conventional oil pump 6 for the lubricating circuit derives oil through a suction conduit 7 and a suction cup 8 provided with a cleaner in the oil sump 9 of the engine, and delivers pressure oil to a conduit 10 from which oil flows through a conduit 11 to the engine lubricating circuit and through an inlet conduit 19 extending substantially radially of the bore in the cylinder block to the lower channel 4 of each cylinder.
  • each cylinder oil From the top channel 5 of each cylinder oil reaches an outlet conduit 13 having interposed therein a pressure adjusting valve 12.
  • a by-pass 18 formed with a calibrated bore is arranged around the valve 12 in order to safely circulate cooling oil even at low numbers of revolution of the engine when the oil pressure is low.
  • Release valves 17 and an oil cooler 14 are arranged past the valve 12 and by-pass 18.
  • the cooler 14 connects through a discharge conduit 16 with the oil sump 9 of the engine.
  • the above described device distinguishes by noiseless ness during engine operation and affords the smallest possible spacing of the walls of adjacent liners; moreover, the operational temperature is quickly reached.
  • a device for cooling the cylinder liners of internal combustion engines comprising a cylinder block having at least one cylinder bore provided with a conduit extending substantially radially of the bore at each end portion of said bore, a cylinder head on said cylinder block, a cylinder liner provided externally and intermediately its ends with a circumferentially extending recess having a depth varying from a minimum value at one end to a maximum value at the opposite end of said liner, said liner being fitted in the cylinder bore with the shallow end of the recess facing the cylinder head, so that a clearance communicating with said conduits is formed between the liner and the cylinder block, one of said conduits being connected to the pressure oil lubricating circuit of the engine, the other conduit being connected to a cooler.
  • Cooling device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the surface of the recess in the liner is formed with grooves extending substantially circumferentially in order to extend the heat exchange surface of said liner.
  • Cooling device as claimed in claim 1, wherein an annular channel opened to the cylinder bore is provided in the cylinder block at each end portion of said cylinder bore, each channel communicating with respective conduits in the cylinder block.
  • Cooling device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a pressure adjusting valve is arranged on the connection between one of said conduits in the engine block and the cooler.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Description

April 7, 1964/ D. GIACOSA ETAL 3,127,879
' coouuc CYLINDER LINERS OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION mamas Filed Feb. 5, 1963 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Fllg. 7
April 7, 1964 GlACOSA A 3,127,879
COOLING CYLINDER LINERS OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Feb. 5, 1965 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 United States Patent 3,127,879 COOLING CYLINDER LINERS OF INTERNAL COMBUSTIUN ENGINES Dante Giacosa and Giovanni Torazza, Turin, Italy, assignors to Fiat Societa per Azioni, Turin, Italy Filed Feb. 5, 1963, Ser. No. 256,341 Claims priority, application Italy Feb. 10, 1962 6 t'llaims. (Cl. 123-41.72)
This invention relates to a device for cooling the cylinder liners of internal combustion engines by means of the lubricating oil.
An object of this invention is to provide a device which affords advantages such as noiseless run of the engine of known water cooling devices having an opened or pressurized circuit, as well as advantages of quick reaching of the operational temperature of the air cooling devices, while avoiding inherent drawbacks of such iknown devices.
In order to be efiicient the lubricating oil for cooling purposes has to flow at a high speed along the surface to be cooled.
The improved cooling device comprises annular interstices of relatively small cross section, formed around the cylinders liners, through which pressure oil derived from a branch of the lubricating circuit is circulated and then cooled in a cooler.
The cross-sectional area of oil flow should be calculated in such manner that at highest engine power the oil speed is between 1 and 2 m./sec., this being the range within which the mos-t efficient cooling is afforded.
Further characteristic features and advantages of this invention will be understood from the appended description referring to the accompanying drawings which show an embodiment thereof:
FIGURE 1 is a diagrammatical representation of the cooling device;
FIGURE 2 is a diagrammatical vertical sectional view of a cylinder liner, and
FIGURE 3 shows an enlarged detail of FIG. 2.
A cylinder liner 1 of an internal combustion engine is provided externally and intermediately its ends with a circumferentially extending recess having a depth varying from a minimum value at one end to a maximum value at the opposite end of the liner. In the example shown, the recess is of a truncated cone shape having a surface S. The liner is fitted into the bore in an engine block 2, in such a manner that its end having the larger base of said surface S faces the cylinder head 2a. Thus between the cylinder block 2 and the liner 1, a tapering annular clearance 3 is formed, having a crosssectional area diminishing towards the cylinder head. The annular clearance 3 extends between a lower annular channel 4 and a top annular channel 5, both formed in the engine block.
The outer surface S of the liner 1 is preferably grooved as shown by 1a in a substantially circumferential direction, the grooves being for instance similar to a screw thread, in order to extend the contact surface between the liner and oil in the clearance 3.
The depth of grooves 1a and annular cross-sectional area of the gap 3 should be conveniently varied along the liner to suit the heat quantity to be removed from "ice the liner, which heat quantity increases towards the cylinder head.
This feature is clearly visible in FIG. 3, wherein the depth of the groove 1a increases from the bottom portion of the liner 1, at which the depth is pl towards the top portion turned towards the cylinder head being at a higher temperature, where the depth is 12, and the cross-sectional area of the clearance 3 diminishes towards said cylinder head.
A conventional oil pump 6 for the lubricating circuit derives oil through a suction conduit 7 and a suction cup 8 provided with a cleaner in the oil sump 9 of the engine, and delivers pressure oil to a conduit 10 from which oil flows through a conduit 11 to the engine lubricating circuit and through an inlet conduit 19 extending substantially radially of the bore in the cylinder block to the lower channel 4 of each cylinder.
This results in a forced oil flow through the clearance 3 around the cylinder liners 1 which are cooled thereby.
From the top channel 5 of each cylinder oil reaches an outlet conduit 13 having interposed therein a pressure adjusting valve 12. A by-pass 18 formed with a calibrated bore is arranged around the valve 12 in order to safely circulate cooling oil even at low numbers of revolution of the engine when the oil pressure is low.
Release valves 17 and an oil cooler 14 are arranged past the valve 12 and by-pass 18. The cooler 14 connects through a discharge conduit 16 with the oil sump 9 of the engine.
The provision of grooves in the outer liner surface (FIG. 3) increases the heat exchange surface and sets the oil in whirling motion, thereby intensifying cooling of the liners by the oil.
The above described device distinguishes by noiseless ness during engine operation and affords the smallest possible spacing of the walls of adjacent liners; moreover, the operational temperature is quickly reached.
With the device the advantages of engines having a sealed cooling circuit which does not necessitate antifreeze means or the like during the cold season and avoids inherent complications and risks of ordinary or pressure water cooling circuits.
What we claim is:
1. A device for cooling the cylinder liners of internal combustion engines comprising a cylinder block having at least one cylinder bore provided with a conduit extending substantially radially of the bore at each end portion of said bore, a cylinder head on said cylinder block, a cylinder liner provided externally and intermediately its ends with a circumferentially extending recess having a depth varying from a minimum value at one end to a maximum value at the opposite end of said liner, said liner being fitted in the cylinder bore with the shallow end of the recess facing the cylinder head, so that a clearance communicating with said conduits is formed between the liner and the cylinder block, one of said conduits being connected to the pressure oil lubricating circuit of the engine, the other conduit being connected to a cooler.
2. Cooling device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the surface of the recess in the liner is formed with grooves extending substantially circumferentially in order to extend the heat exchange surface of said liner.
3. Cooling device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the grooves in the liners are of varying depth, the grooves at the deeper end of the recess being shallower than the grooves in the shallow end of said recess.
4. Cooling device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the minimum cross-sectional area of said clearance between the liner and the cylinder block is such that at highest engine revolutions the oil flowing therethrough has a speed between 1 and 2 m./sec.
5. Cooling device as claimed in claim 1, wherein an annular channel opened to the cylinder bore is provided in the cylinder block at each end portion of said cylinder bore, each channel communicating with respective conduits in the cylinder block.
6. Cooling device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a pressure adjusting valve is arranged on the connection between one of said conduits in the engine block and the cooler.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 744,342 Holz Nov. 17, 1903 1,285,430 Sheppy Nov. 19, 1918 2,085,810 Ljungstrom July 6, 1937

Claims (1)

1. A DEVICE FOR COOLING THE CYLINDER LINERS OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES COMPRISING A CYLINDER BLOCK HAVING AT LEAST ONE CYLINDER BORE PROVIDED WITH A CONDUIT EXTENDING SUBSTANTIALLY RADIALLY OF THE BORE AT EACH END PORTION OF SAID BORE, A CYLINDER HEAD ON SAID CYLINDER BLOCK, A CYLINDER LINER PROVIDED EXTERNALLY AND INTERMEDIATELY ITS ENDS WITH A CIRCUMFERENTIALLY EXTENDING RECESS HAVING A DEPTH VARYING FROM A MINIMUM VALUE AT ONE END TO MAXIMUM VALUE AT THE OPPOSITE END OF SAID LINER, SAID LINER BEING FITTED IN THE CYLINDER BORE WITH THE SHALLOW END OF THE RECESS FACING THE CYLINDER HEAD, SO THAT A CLEARANCE COMMUNICATING WITH SAID CONDUITS IS FORMED BETWEEN THE LINER AND THE CYLINDER BLOCK, ONE OF SAID CONDUITS BEING CONNECTED TO THE PRESSURE OIL LUBRICAT-
US256341A 1962-02-10 1963-02-05 Cooling cylinder liners of internal combustion engines Expired - Lifetime US3127879A (en)

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3714931A (en) * 1969-11-06 1973-02-06 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Cylinder with dry cylinder sleeve
US3892209A (en) * 1973-04-03 1975-07-01 Amiot F Liquid-cooled reciprocating engines, more particularly marine engines
US4108134A (en) * 1976-06-25 1978-08-22 Malec Jerry P Modulator valve
FR2486152A1 (en) * 1980-05-13 1982-01-08 Cummins Engine Co Inc INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE HAVING OIL COOLING
DE3139621A1 (en) * 1980-10-16 1982-05-27 Cummins Engine Co., Inc., 47201 Columbus, Ind. TEMPERATURE CONTROL DEVICE FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
US4413597A (en) * 1980-05-13 1983-11-08 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Oil cooled internal combustion engine
US4708095A (en) * 1986-06-16 1987-11-24 Deere & Company Combined engine cooling and lube system
EP0262598A2 (en) * 1986-10-02 1988-04-06 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz Aktiengesellschaft Internal-combustion engine
US4776303A (en) * 1987-12-16 1988-10-11 Brunswick Corporation Two cycle engine with cylinder liner and exhaust bridge lubrication and cooling
US4776302A (en) * 1987-12-16 1988-10-11 Brunswick Corporation Two cycle engine with exhaust bridge lubrication
US4815419A (en) * 1986-10-23 1989-03-28 Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Engine cooling apparatus
US4895111A (en) * 1984-03-13 1990-01-23 Elsbett L Engine cooling system
US5333575A (en) * 1993-06-18 1994-08-02 Kohler Co. Internal combustion engine using lubricating oil for effective and uniform cooling
EP0636772A1 (en) * 1993-07-27 1995-02-01 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz Aktiengesellschaft Internal combustion engine
US20150167531A1 (en) * 2011-10-17 2015-06-18 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method for warming an internal combustion engine, and internal combustion engine
DE112013005665B4 (en) 2012-11-27 2022-06-23 Cummins, Inc. Cylinder block with integrated oil bath

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US744342A (en) * 1903-01-29 1903-11-17 Bernhard G Holz Explosive-engine.
US1285430A (en) * 1917-01-10 1918-11-19 Pierce Arrow Motor Car Company Method of and means for sealing sleeves in the jackets of engine-cylinders.
US2085810A (en) * 1932-06-20 1937-07-06 Spontan Ab Cooling of internal combustion engines

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US744342A (en) * 1903-01-29 1903-11-17 Bernhard G Holz Explosive-engine.
US1285430A (en) * 1917-01-10 1918-11-19 Pierce Arrow Motor Car Company Method of and means for sealing sleeves in the jackets of engine-cylinders.
US2085810A (en) * 1932-06-20 1937-07-06 Spontan Ab Cooling of internal combustion engines

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3714931A (en) * 1969-11-06 1973-02-06 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Cylinder with dry cylinder sleeve
US3892209A (en) * 1973-04-03 1975-07-01 Amiot F Liquid-cooled reciprocating engines, more particularly marine engines
US4108134A (en) * 1976-06-25 1978-08-22 Malec Jerry P Modulator valve
FR2486152A1 (en) * 1980-05-13 1982-01-08 Cummins Engine Co Inc INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE HAVING OIL COOLING
US4413597A (en) * 1980-05-13 1983-11-08 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Oil cooled internal combustion engine
US4440118A (en) * 1980-05-13 1984-04-03 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Oil cooled internal combustion engine
DE3139621A1 (en) * 1980-10-16 1982-05-27 Cummins Engine Co., Inc., 47201 Columbus, Ind. TEMPERATURE CONTROL DEVICE FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
US4348991A (en) * 1980-10-16 1982-09-14 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Dual coolant engine cooling system
US4895111A (en) * 1984-03-13 1990-01-23 Elsbett L Engine cooling system
EP0249776A3 (en) * 1986-06-16 1988-12-07 Deere & Company Cooling and lubrication system for an internal-combustion engine
US4708095A (en) * 1986-06-16 1987-11-24 Deere & Company Combined engine cooling and lube system
EP0249776A2 (en) * 1986-06-16 1987-12-23 Deere & Company Cooling and lubrication system for an internal-combustion engine
EP0262598A3 (en) * 1986-10-02 1988-12-14 Klockner-Humboldt-Deutz Aktiengesellschaft Internal-combustion engine
DE3633576A1 (en) * 1986-10-02 1988-04-07 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
US4834029A (en) * 1986-10-02 1989-05-30 Kloeckner-Humboldt-Deutz Ag Internal combustion engine
EP0262598A2 (en) * 1986-10-02 1988-04-06 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz Aktiengesellschaft Internal-combustion engine
US4815419A (en) * 1986-10-23 1989-03-28 Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Engine cooling apparatus
US4776302A (en) * 1987-12-16 1988-10-11 Brunswick Corporation Two cycle engine with exhaust bridge lubrication
US4776303A (en) * 1987-12-16 1988-10-11 Brunswick Corporation Two cycle engine with cylinder liner and exhaust bridge lubrication and cooling
US5333575A (en) * 1993-06-18 1994-08-02 Kohler Co. Internal combustion engine using lubricating oil for effective and uniform cooling
EP0636772A1 (en) * 1993-07-27 1995-02-01 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz Aktiengesellschaft Internal combustion engine
US20150167531A1 (en) * 2011-10-17 2015-06-18 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method for warming an internal combustion engine, and internal combustion engine
US9976471B2 (en) * 2011-10-17 2018-05-22 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method for warming an internal combustion engine, and internal combustion engine
DE112013005665B4 (en) 2012-11-27 2022-06-23 Cummins, Inc. Cylinder block with integrated oil bath

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