US3124482A - Apparatus for developing - Google Patents

Apparatus for developing Download PDF

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Publication number
US3124482A
US3124482A US3124482DA US3124482A US 3124482 A US3124482 A US 3124482A US 3124482D A US3124482D A US 3124482DA US 3124482 A US3124482 A US 3124482A
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United States
Prior art keywords
bearing surface
flexible material
trough
developer
image bearing
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electrostatic printing and more particularly to improved methods and apparatus for developing electrostatic images.
  • latent electrostatic images are frequently produced by the following techniques: an electrostatic charge is uniformly distributed over a photoconductive surface of an electrophotographic element, the photoconductive surface is then exposed to a light image to produce thereon a latent electrostatic image, this image is then developed with a finely-divided powder or toner which adheres to the charges on the photoconductive surface to produce a visible image thereon.
  • This method is more fully described in a publica tion entitled Electrofax Direct Electrophotographic Printing on Paper by C. J. Young and H. G. Greig, RCA Review, December 1954-, vol. XV, No. 4.
  • magnetic brush development has provided a preferred method for the processing of electrophotographic paper prints and for continuous mechtnical development. Since the advent of magnetic brush development, high speed printing machines have been devised. Such a printing machine is described in a publication entitled A Thin-Window Cathode-Ray Tube for High-Speed Printing with Electrofax, by R. G. Olden, RCA Review, September 1957, vol. XVIII, No. 3. At high printing speeds such as, for example, 10,000 or more characters per second, even magnetic brush type of apparatus becomes quite complex and expensive.
  • Such apparatus includes a container for a supply of developer powder, at least a portion of the container comprising a porous, preferably flexible, nonabrasive material such as, for example, cotton cloth.
  • a porous, preferably flexible, nonabrasive material such as, for example, cotton cloth.
  • As the flexible material is contacted across an electrostatic image developer particles are electrostatically attracted through the pores in the material and adhere to the electrostatic image.
  • means can be provided to adjust the contact pressure between the flexible material and the surface on which the electrostatic image resides.
  • Means may also be provided for stretching the flexible material to enlarge the pores therein to enhance development at very high speeds.
  • FlGURE 1 is a perspective view of an improved apparatus for developing electrostatic images in accordance with this invention.
  • FIGURE 2 is a perspective view, partly in cross section, of a mechanized version of the developer apparatus of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 A method of developing electrostatic images, in accordance with this invention, is illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the electrostatic image may be produced on a recording ele ment 11 having a paper backing l3 and a photoconductive coating 15 thereon as described in the at rementioned Young and Grei publication.
  • the electrostatic image may also be produced on other photoconductive recording elements such as those described in US. Patent 2,297,691 to C. F. Carl-son.
  • the electrostatic image is produced on the recording element 11, it is developed using the device illustrated in PEG.
  • porous fabric material "l9" which may be fastened in any suitable manner to the box-like container 17 to provide thereon a more or less rounded flexible bottom.
  • the porous material might comprise a very smooth, non-abrasive apertured material, such as an apertured nylon sheet.
  • the interior of the container is at least partially filled with any well known electroscopic developer material.
  • Such material may, for example, comprise finely-divided carbon black or finely-divided resin particles which contain carbon black.
  • the flexible material in the bottom of the box-like container 17 is contacted to the surface of the photoconductive coating r5 on the element 11.
  • developer material is electrostatically drawn through the pores in the flexible material 19 and attracted to the electrostatic image to produce a Visible image as is shown at 23.
  • the foregoing method of developing electrostatic images is unexpectedly fast in that the flexible material 19 can be moved across the recording element H as rapidly as is possible to do so by manual means, and yet no trouble is encountered in producing a full, dense image. Under some circumstances one might expect that developer particles might clog the pores in the material 19. This however, does not result. It has been observed that, in passing the flexible material 19 over the photoconductive surface, developer particles in the box-like container 17 are caused to be violently agitated.
  • the recording element 3.1 is drawn over a conductive baching member, such as a roller 23 by, for example, a pair of driven pressure rollers 27 and 29.
  • a developer trough 31 is mounted above the recording element 11 and is supported by a bracket 33.
  • the trough .31 preferably has a rectangular opening in the bottom, the sides of the opening being defined by two elongated flanges 35 and 3-7 of flexible material such as rubber.
  • a sheet 39 of porous flexible material such as, for example, cotton cloth is fastened at one end ill to the side of the trough 31 and covers the opening between the flexible flanges 35 and 37. The other end of the sheet 39 is fastened to a roller by means of which the sheet 39 can be stretched to enlarge the pores therein.
  • the trough 31 is at least partially filled with developer powder.
  • the drive rollers 27 and Z9 rotate, the recording element is drawn past the trough 31 with the elements electrostatic image-- bearing surface in contact with the porous sheet .39.
  • electrostatic images pass under the trough 31, they are continuously developed with developer powder from the trough 31.
  • Apparatus such as this is capable of developing alpha-numeric characters on 8 /2-inch wide electrophotographic paper at rates as high as 100,000 characters per second.
  • contact pressure between the recording element 11 and the porous sheet 39 can be regulated by mounting the backing number 23 'so that it is adjustable in a vertical plane as schematically illustrated at 26.
  • Apparatus for developing electrostatic images comprising a container for a supply of finely-divided electroscopic developer particles, a portion of said container defining an opening covered with a material adapted to contact an electrostatic image bearing surface, the pores in said material being of the size to permit developer particles to be electrostatically drawn therethrough; and means for moving one of said trough and said image bearing surface with respect to the other with said material in contact with said image bearing surface.
  • Apparatus for developing electrostatic images comprising a trough for containing a quantity of finelydivided electroscopic developer particles, said trough having a substantially rectangular opening in the bottom thereof and a porous flexible material over said opening adapted to contact an electrostatic image bearing surface, the pores in said flexible material being of a size to permit developer particles to be electrostatically drawn therethrough, and means for moving one of said trough and said image bearing surface with respect to the other with said flexible'material in contact with saidimage bearing surface.
  • The. apparatus of claim 5 including means for stretching said flexible material to enlarge the pores therein.
  • the apparatus of claim 5 including means for adjusting the contact pressure between said .flexible material and said electrostatic image bearing surface.
  • Apparatus for developing electrostatic images comprising: a trough for containing a quantity of finelydivided electroscopic developer particles, said trough having a substantially rectangular opening in the bottom thereof; a pair of elongated flexible flanges on opposite sides of said opening; a porous flexible material supported on said flanges and covering said opening, said flexible material being adapted to contact an electrostatic image bearing surface, the pores in said flexible material being of a size to permit developer particles to be electrostatically drawn therethrough; and, means for moving one ofv said trough and said image bearing surface with respect to the other with said flexible material in contact with said image bearing surface.
  • the apparatus of claim 8 including means for stretching said flexible material to'enlarge the pores therein.
  • the apparatus of claim 8 including means for adjusting the contact pressure between said flexible material and said electrostatic image bearing surface.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Cleaning In Electrography (AREA)
  • Photographic Developing Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Combination Of More Than One Step In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)
US3124482D 1960-12-22 Apparatus for developing Expired - Lifetime US3124482A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US7756160A 1960-12-22 1960-12-22

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Publication Number Publication Date
US3124482A true US3124482A (en) 1964-03-10

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US3124482D Expired - Lifetime US3124482A (en) 1960-12-22 Apparatus for developing

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US (1) US3124482A (de)
CH (1) CH403808A (de)
DE (1) DE1162691B (de)
GB (1) GB977457A (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3206600A (en) * 1963-05-21 1965-09-14 Keuffel & Esser Co Image-formation on electro-photographic material
US3307477A (en) * 1964-09-25 1967-03-07 Owens Illinois Inc Electrical printing using stencil and moving slot powder metering means
US3332344A (en) * 1965-10-11 1967-07-25 Unimark Corp Powder feed mechanism and electrostatic imprinting device
US3352234A (en) * 1966-09-26 1967-11-14 Unimark Corp Electrostatic printer with powder feed structure inside stencil drum
US3891434A (en) * 1972-12-08 1975-06-24 Herbert Taege Porous material in a liquid development method
US4069791A (en) * 1976-10-01 1978-01-24 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Automatic toning device
US4414916A (en) * 1981-05-20 1983-11-15 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co. Automatic toning apparatus having a vertically reciprocating hopper

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1784912A (en) * 1927-03-31 1930-12-16 Beatrice P Scott Stenciling
US1800692A (en) * 1929-05-03 1931-04-14 Leonard D Mahan Bluing and dyeing device
US2210470A (en) * 1938-11-29 1940-08-06 Sterling Mfg Company Powder depositor
US2531245A (en) * 1947-02-04 1950-11-21 Stokes Machine Co Sifting feeder for powder compressing machines
US2538864A (en) * 1947-07-26 1951-01-23 Max J Doppelt Inking pad for stencil duplicating machines
US2767886A (en) * 1955-03-25 1956-10-23 Lynn E Jenkins Wheel barrow
US2904000A (en) * 1957-05-15 1959-09-15 Century Geophysical Corp Magnetic-brush developer
US2974632A (en) * 1958-04-23 1961-03-14 Century Geophysical Corp Apparatus for developing electrostatic image
US3011473A (en) * 1958-05-01 1961-12-05 Xerox Corp Xerographic apparatus

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1784912A (en) * 1927-03-31 1930-12-16 Beatrice P Scott Stenciling
US1800692A (en) * 1929-05-03 1931-04-14 Leonard D Mahan Bluing and dyeing device
US2210470A (en) * 1938-11-29 1940-08-06 Sterling Mfg Company Powder depositor
US2531245A (en) * 1947-02-04 1950-11-21 Stokes Machine Co Sifting feeder for powder compressing machines
US2538864A (en) * 1947-07-26 1951-01-23 Max J Doppelt Inking pad for stencil duplicating machines
US2767886A (en) * 1955-03-25 1956-10-23 Lynn E Jenkins Wheel barrow
US2904000A (en) * 1957-05-15 1959-09-15 Century Geophysical Corp Magnetic-brush developer
US2974632A (en) * 1958-04-23 1961-03-14 Century Geophysical Corp Apparatus for developing electrostatic image
US3011473A (en) * 1958-05-01 1961-12-05 Xerox Corp Xerographic apparatus

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3206600A (en) * 1963-05-21 1965-09-14 Keuffel & Esser Co Image-formation on electro-photographic material
US3307477A (en) * 1964-09-25 1967-03-07 Owens Illinois Inc Electrical printing using stencil and moving slot powder metering means
US3332344A (en) * 1965-10-11 1967-07-25 Unimark Corp Powder feed mechanism and electrostatic imprinting device
US3352234A (en) * 1966-09-26 1967-11-14 Unimark Corp Electrostatic printer with powder feed structure inside stencil drum
US3891434A (en) * 1972-12-08 1975-06-24 Herbert Taege Porous material in a liquid development method
US4069791A (en) * 1976-10-01 1978-01-24 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Automatic toning device
US4414916A (en) * 1981-05-20 1983-11-15 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co. Automatic toning apparatus having a vertically reciprocating hopper

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB977457A (en) 1964-12-09
DE1162691B (de) 1964-02-06
CH403808A (de) 1965-12-15

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