US3120354A - Crushers - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 4, 1964 c. KACHELMANN 3,120,354

CRUSHERS Filed May 14. 1962 //P/awr Z ZZ PQ/@424W BY MVM ATTORNEYS United States Patent Ofi ice 3,120,354 Patented Feb. 4, 1964 3,120,354 CRUSHERS Charles Kachelmann, Fontainebleau, France, assignor to Preparation Industrielle des Combustibles, a French concern Filed May 14, 1962, Ser. No. 194,537 1 Claim. (Cl. 241--243) This invention relates to crushing devices and has more particular reference to Crushers of the type having a toothed rotor and a concave anvil plate used to obtain accurate sizing of the crushed product.

When it is desired to obtain in a crusher an accurate sizing of the crushed product, especially in the case of fine mesh crushing, it is necessary to use Crushers whose toothed cylinder is fitted with identical teeth following a regular checkered arrangement; the sizing volume limited by the space between adjoining teeth is, therefore, constant, which enables one to obtain the desired accurate sizing.

However, such units have the disadvantage of possessing a low crushing ratio. In fact, the seizing volume of such a crusher is in direct relation to the sizing volume, since to be seized, the lumps must be able to fall into the space existing between adjoining teeth, so that lumps having a volume double the sizing volume, or a larger volume, are no longer seized by the teeth, the teeth, instead, acting on the lumps as a rasp and obstruct the crushing chamber, which gives a very low output from the crusher and makes it subject to blockage.

In some instances, to increase the output and crushing of a crusher, the toothed cylinder of the crusher is fitted with a few teeth substantially larger than the others. These larger teeth are located throughout approximately the whole length of the cylinder, one or several being placed on the circumference of a given section. These teeth can, obviously, seize larger lumps which would not be seized by the other teeth. However, this type arrangement presents the drawback of producing misplaced products higher than the crushing mesh, owing to the simultaneous presence of large and small teeth. Indeed, some slots corresponding to the large teeth must be made in the concave plate of the crusher, through which slots some oversized products engaged in the free space existing be hind a large tooth fall between the passage of two large successive teeth when the toothed cylinder includes two or more for a given circumference or between two successive passages of a tooth when the toothed cylinder only has one for a given circumference.

One object of the present invention is to provide a novel and improved crusher in which the above pointed out drawbacks are remedied, permitting an increase of the output as well as the crushing ratio of the crusher, while insuring an accurate sizing of the crushed products.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel and improved crusher, as characterized above, in which the cylinder of the rotor is provided with longitudinally spaced peripheral rings, each carrying circumferentially spaced teeth, and with the surface of the cylinder carrying circumferential rows of teeth, with all of the teeth being of substantially the same size and arranged in a quincuncial pattern.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear in the following specication when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. l is a diagrammatic transverse section of a prio-r art standard fine mesh crusher;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged partial sectional View, taken on the line 2 2 of FIG. l;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial plan view of the teeth on the toothed cylinder of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a view similar to that of FIG. 1, but showing a fine mesh crusher constructed in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged partial sectional view taken on the line 5 5 of FIG. 4; and

FIG. 6 is an enlarged partial plan View of the teeth on the toothed cylinder of FIG. 4.

The present invention provides a novel and improved crusher having teeth so constructed and arranged as to increase the output of the crusher.

Referring now to the drawings, there is shown, in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, a prior art standard fine mesh crusher. The apparatus there shown includes a cylinder 1), the diameter of which is constant throughout the whole width of the crusher, teeth 11 substantially identical in size and shape and arranged in a quincuncial pattern (see FIG. 3) throughout the whole surface of the cylinder, and a concave plate 12 having a plane surface devoid of slots.

In Crushers of this type, the exact sizing of the product being treated is obtained by the regular arrangement of identical teeth and the constant distance between the edge of the concave plate and the cylinder 10 of the rotor.

The disadvantage of this type of crusher is shown in FIG. 1. A lump 13 s shown which, owing to its dimensions, cannot be seized by the rotors teeth 11. The teeth which engage the lump act as a rasp, thus obstructing the crushing chamber and risking a blockage.

In FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, there is illustrated a crusher constructed in accordance with the present invention, which overcomes the above illustrated defect. As there shown, the rotor includes a cylinder 14 provided with longitudinally spaced raised peripheral rings 15 with the rings carrying peripherally spaced teeth 16 and the walls between the raised rings carrying peripherally spaced teeth 17 and a concave plate 1S. The thickness of the rings 15 does not exceed the height of a tooth. The teeth 16 and 17 are generally identical in shape except that the teeth 16 on the raised rings have a smaller diameter.

The concave plate 18 is provided with laterally spaced slots 19 for the passage of the raised teeth 16, but due to the rings 15 the distance between the edge of the concave plate 18 and the cylinder 14 is constant. The accurate sizing of the discharged product is obtained by this constant distance and by the regular arrangement of all the teeth, whether raised teeth 16 or unraised teeth 17.

In FIG. 6, it can be seen that in relation to the mesh formed by the arrangement of the teeth, is a second superposed larger mesh formed by the raised teeth. Owing to this arrangement, the crusher, while insuring the same sizing of the product discharged from the crusher as does the crusher shown in FIGS. l, 2 and 3, may seize larger lumps, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 6, where the lump 24B represents a lump of the same size as the lump 13 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. The lump 20, while resting on teeth 17, is placed in the trajectory of the raised teeth 16 and will, therefore, be seized by them, while the lump 13, of the same size, Was not taken by the apparatus of FIG. l.

From the foregoing, it readily will be seen that there has been provided a novel and improved crusher having teeth so constructed and arranged as to increase the output as well as the crushing ratio of the crusher, while insuring an accurate sizing of the crushed product.

Obviously, the invention is not restricted to the particular embodiment thereof herein shown and described.

What is claimed is:

In a crusher of the character described, a rotor comprising a cylinder having a first plurality of teeth mounted on and projecting outwardly from the cylinder surface, a circumferential ring mounted on and projecting outwardly from the cylinder surface and positioned between some of said teeth, the radii from the rotor center to the tip end of said first plurality of teeth and to the outer surface of 3 4 said ring being substantially equal, a second plurality of ential distance between the teeth on the cylinder and the teeth mounted on the outer surface of the ring, said second bases of the teeth in a circumerential row lying in the plurality of teeth being substantially equal in height to the same plane as the bases of the teeth in an adjacent row. rst plurality of teeth, and a cooperating anvil plate adjacent said rotor, said plate having a slot therein aligned 5 References Cited in the le of this patent with the rotor circumferential ring, the depth of said slot UNITED STATES PATENTS being substantially equal to the height of the second plurality of teeth, whereby the distance between the face of 1287571 Cowan et al DCC' 10 191g thc anvil plate in relation to the tip ends of both pluralillgo'n' 163 ties 0f teeth is constant, the encumferential distance be 10 2,964,249 Knight u Dec. 13 1960 tween the teeth on the ring being equal to the circumfer-

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