US3118795A - Method of forming ferrous alloys - Google Patents

Method of forming ferrous alloys Download PDF

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US3118795A
US3118795A US64272A US6427260A US3118795A US 3118795 A US3118795 A US 3118795A US 64272 A US64272 A US 64272A US 6427260 A US6427260 A US 6427260A US 3118795 A US3118795 A US 3118795A
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weight percent
alloy
billet
high energy
temperature
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US64272A
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Carl L Kolbe
Robert K Mckechnie
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
    • Y10T29/49988—Metal casting

Definitions

  • This invention relates to methods of forming ferrous alloys and more particularly to hot deformation methods of forming ferrous alloys capable of developing high energy magnetic properties.
  • Ferrous alloys containing aluminum, nickel, cobalt and copper, adapted primarily for use in permanent magnets are known as Alnico alloys. Some of these alloys contain also titanium. Such alloys with high energy magnetic properties of four million gauss-oersteds and above are hard, brittle materials which are produced by casting and grinding. Neither hot nor cold deformation of these alloys has been feasible to date.
  • a ferrous alloy capable of developing high energy magnetic properties is formed by melting together 6 to 9.6 weight percent aluminum, 12 to 16 weight percent nickel, 22 to 34.5 weight percent cobalt, 0.70 to 3.5 weight percent copper, a metal selected from the group consisting of up to 0.41 weight percent zirconium and up to 5.2 weight percent titanium, and the balance being iron; cooling the alloy, forming a billet of the alloy enclosed in a supporting material having a melting point above the hot working temperature of the alloy, heating the billet to a temperature in the range of 1000 C. to 1150 C., extruding the billet at a temperature in the range of 1000 C. to 1150 C. to a predetermined shape, and removing the supporting material.
  • the supporting material acts also as a thermal barrier to maintain the alloy at its proper working temperature during deformation. While the thickness of the supporting material is not critical, it is necessary that the supporting material be thick enough to enable the billet formed by the alloy and the supporting material to be workable without the supporting material being punctured during the Working operation.
  • the supporting material acts as a thermal barrier to maintain advantageously the alloy in this temperature range when it is then deformed to a predetermined shape and size by extruding, forging, swaging, or rolling.
  • the supporting material improves the grain structure, strength and ductility of the alloy.
  • the alloy is then cut or further worked prior to being subjected to normal treatment to produce high energy magnetic properties therein. If it is desired, the supporting material is removed prior to further working or heat treating.
  • the billet can be subjected after deformation to a magnetic field of 1700 oersteds during cooling to impart high energy magnetic preperties thereto.
  • ferrous alloys capable of developing high energy magnetic properties formed in accordance with the methods of the present invention are as follows:
  • a series of ferrous alloy billets were produced by vacuum or air melting as set forth in Table I.
  • the billet di mensions, alloy diameters, container diameters, and die diameters are shown in Table II.
  • each billet was heated to a temperature in the range of 1000 C. to 115 C. as set forth in Table III.
  • the billets were extruded with a 1250 ton press from a container through a die as set forth in Table II.
  • the deformed billets had resulting diameters as shown in Table III.
  • Each billet was cooled to room temperature to provide a ferrous alloy capable of developing high energy magnetic properties.
  • a method of forming a ferrous alloy capable of developing high energy magnetic properties which comprises melting together 6 to 9.6 weight percent aluminum, 12 to 16 weight percent nickel, 22 to 34.5 weight percent co balt, 0.70 to 3.5 Weight percent copper, a metal selected from the group consisting of up to 0.41 weight percent zirconium and up to 5.2 weight percent titanium, and the balance being iron; cooling said alloy, forming a billet of said alloy enclosed in a supporting material having a melting point above the hot working temperature of said alloy, heating said billet to a temperature in the range of 1000 C. to 1150 C., and deforming said billet at a temperature in the range of 1000 C. to 1150 C. to a predetermined shape.
  • a method of forming a ferrous alloy capable of developing high energy magnetic properties which comprises melting together 6 to 9.6 weight percent aluminum, 12 to 16 weight percent nickel, 22 to 34.5 weight percent cobalt, 0.70 to 3.5 Weight percent copper, a metal selected from the group consisting of up to 0.41 weight percent zirconium and up to 5.2 Weight percent titanium, and the balance being iron; cooling said alloy, forming a billet of said alloy enclosed in a supporting material having a melting point above the hot working temperature of said alloy, heating said billet to a temperature in the range of 1000 C. to 1:150 C., deforming said billet at a temperature in the range of 1000 C. to 1150 C. to a predetermined shapc, and removing said supporting material.
  • a method of forming a ferrous alloy capable of developing high energy magnetic properties which comprises melting together 6 to 9.6 weight percent aluminum, 12 to 16 weight percent nickel, 22 to 34.5 weight percent cobalt, 0.70 to 3.5 weight percent copper, a metal selected from the group consisting of up to 0.41 weight percent zirconium, and up to 5.2 weight percent titanium, and the balance being iron; cooling said alloy, forming a billet of said alloy enclosed in a supporting material having a melting point above the hot working temperature of said alloy, heating said billet to a temperature in the range of 1000" C. to 1150 C., and extruding said billet at a temperature in the range of 1000 C. to 1150 C. to a predetermined shape.
  • a method of forming a ferrous alloy capable of developing high energy magnetic properties which comprises melting together 6 to 9.6 weight percent aluminum, 12 to 16 weight percent nickel, 22 to 34.5 weight percent cobalt, 0.70 to 3.5 weight percent copper, a metal selected from the group consisting of up to 0.41 weight percent zirconium, and up to 5.2 weight percent titanium, and the balance being iron; cooling said alloy, forming a billet of said alloy enclosed in a supporting material having a melting point above the hot working temperature of said alloy, heating said billet to a temperature in the range of 1000 C. to 1150 C., extruding said billet at a temperature in the range of 1000 C. to 1150 C. to a predetermined shape, and removing said supporting material.
  • a method of forming a ferrous alloy with high energy magnetic properties which comprises melting together 6 to 9.6 weight percent aluminum, 12 to 16 weight percent nickel, 22 to 34.5 weight percent cobalt, 0.70 to 3.5 weight percent copper, a metal selected from the group consisting of up to 0.41 Weight percent zirconium, and up to 5.2 weight percent titanium, and the balance being iron; cooling said alloy, forming a billet of said alloy enclosed in a supporting material having a melting point above the hot working temperature of said alloy, heating said billet to a temperature in the range of 1000 C. to 1150 C., deforming said billet at a temperature in the range of 1000 C. to 1150 C. to a predetermined shape, and cooling said billet in a high energy magnetic field to impart high energy magnetic properties thereto.
  • a method of forming a ferrous alloy with high energy magnetic properties which comprises melting together 6 to 9.6 weight percent aluminum, 12 to 16 weight percent nickel, 22 to 34.5 weight percent cobalt, 0.70 to 3.5 weight percent copper, a metal selected from the group consisting of up to 0.41 weight percent zirconium, and up to 5.2 weight percent titanium, and the balance being iron; cooling said alloy, forming a billet of said alloy enclosed in a supporting material having a melting point above the hot working temperature of said alloy, heating said billet to a temperature in the range of 1000 C. to 1150 C., deforming said billet at a temperature in the range of 1000 C. to 1150 C. to a predetermined shape, cooling said billet in a high energy magnetic field to impart high energy magnetic properties thereto, and removing said supporting material.
  • a method of forming a ferrous alloy with high energy magnetic properties which comprises melting together 6 to 9.6 weight percent aluminum, 12 to 16 weight percent nickel, 22 to 34.5 weight percent cobalt, 0.70 to 3.5 weight percent copper, a metal selected from the group consisting of up to 0.41 weight percent zirconium, and up to 5.2 weight percent titanium, and the balance being iron; cooling said alloy, forming a billet of said alloy enclosed in a supporting material having a melting point above the hot working temperature of said alloy, heating said billet to a temperature in the range of 1000" C. to 1150 C., deforming said billet at a temperature in the range of 1000 C. to 1150 C. to a predetermined shape, and subjecting said alloy to a high energy magnetic field to impart high energy magnetic properties thereto.
  • a method of forming a ferrous alloy with high energy magnetic properties which comprises melting together 6 to 9.6 Weight percent aluminum, 12 to 16 Weight alloy to a high energy magnetic field to impart high percent nickel, 22 to 34.5 weight percent cobalt, 0.70 to energy magnetic properties thereto.

Description

United States Patent 3,118,795 METHOD ()1? FURMING FERROUS ALLOYS Carl L. Kolbe and Robert K. McKechnie, Schenectady,
N.Y., assignors to General Electric Company, a corporation of New York No Drawing. Filed (Pct. 24, 1960, Scr. No. 64,272 8 Claims. (Cl. 148-103) This invention relates to methods of forming ferrous alloys and more particularly to hot deformation methods of forming ferrous alloys capable of developing high energy magnetic properties.
Ferrous alloys containing aluminum, nickel, cobalt and copper, adapted primarily for use in permanent magnets are known as Alnico alloys. Some of these alloys contain also titanium. Such alloys with high energy magnetic properties of four million gauss-oersteds and above are hard, brittle materials which are produced by casting and grinding. Neither hot nor cold deformation of these alloys has been feasible to date.
Alnico alloys with low energy magnetic properties under two million gauss-oersteds have been hot deformed by additions of titanium, zirconium and titanium, silicon, or zirconium, silicon and titanium. Previous published work disclosed that only zirconium additions would not produce a hot deformable alloy. High energy ferrous alloys of the above types had not been previously hot deformed although some of these alloys contain up to 5.2 weight percent titanium. A method of forming ferrous alloys by hot deformation, which alloys are capable of developing high energy properties, is disclosed and claimed in our copending patent application entitled Method of Forming Ferrous Alloys, Serial No. 64,271, filed October 24, 1960, now US. Patent No. 3,078,197, and assigned to the same assignee as the present application. Our present invention provides an improved method of forming such ferrous alloys.
It is an object of our invention to provide a hot deformation method of forming ferrous alloys capable of developing high energy magnetic properties.
It is another object of our invention to provide a hot deformation method of forming ferrous alloys which have high energy magnetic properties.
It is a further object of our invention to provide a hot deformation method of forming ferrous alloys capable of developing high energy magnetic properties in which a supporting material is employed.
In carrying out our invention in one form, a ferrous alloy capable of developing high energy magnetic properties is formed by melting together 6 to 9.6 weight percent aluminum, 12 to 16 weight percent nickel, 22 to 34.5 weight percent cobalt, 0.70 to 3.5 weight percent copper, a metal selected from the group consisting of up to 0.41 weight percent zirconium and up to 5.2 weight percent titanium, and the balance being iron; cooling the alloy, forming a billet of the alloy enclosed in a supporting material having a melting point above the hot working temperature of the alloy, heating the billet to a temperature in the range of 1000 C. to 1150 C., extruding the billet at a temperature in the range of 1000 C. to 1150 C. to a predetermined shape, and removing the supporting material.
These and various objects, features, and advantages of the invention will be better understood from the following description.
3,118,795 Patented Jan. 21, 1964 "ice Alnico alloys with high energy magnetic properties are not hot or cold worked because of their brittleness. Our above-identified copending patent application discloses and claims that such alloys could be hot deformed in a narrow working temperature range of 1050 C. to 1100 C. We have found further, unexpectedly, that improved hot deformation is accomplished by forming a billet of the alloy to be deformed in a supporting material having a melting point above the working temperature of the alloy, heating the billet to a temperature in the range of 1000 C. to 1150 C., and deforming the billet. Materials which are strong enough to be employed as such supporting materials include iron, nickel, stainless steel, and copper.
Our research disclosed additionally that the supporting material acts also as a thermal barrier to maintain the alloy at its proper working temperature during deformation. While the thickness of the supporting material is not critical, it is necessary that the supporting material be thick enough to enable the billet formed by the alloy and the supporting material to be workable without the supporting material being punctured during the Working operation.
In the practice of the present invention, 6 to 9.6 weight percent aluminum, 12 to 16 weight percent nickel, 22 to 34.5 weight percent cobalt, 0.70 to 3.5 weight percent copper, a metal selected from the group consisting of up to 0.41 weight percent zirconium and up to 5.2 weight percent titanium, and the balance being iron are melted together and cooled subsequently. If it is desired, comrnercially available cast alloys may be employed in the melting step. A billet is formed of the alloy enclosed in a supporting material having a melting point above the working temperature of the alloy. The billet is heated in a furnace to a temperature in the range of 1000 C. to 1150 C. When the billet is so heated, the supporting material acts as a thermal barrier to maintain advantageously the alloy in this temperature range when it is then deformed to a predetermined shape and size by extruding, forging, swaging, or rolling. The supporting material improves the grain structure, strength and ductility of the alloy.
After the billet has cooled to room temperature, the alloy is then cut or further worked prior to being subjected to normal treatment to produce high energy magnetic properties therein. If it is desired, the supporting material is removed prior to further working or heat treating. The billet can be subjected after deformation to a magnetic field of 1700 oersteds during cooling to impart high energy magnetic preperties thereto.
The subsequent magnetic properties of alloys produced in accordance with this invention are equivalent to the cast properties and the mechanical properties are improved due to finer grains and lower porosity. Thus, it is possible to make small diameter rod and thin sheets that could not be made by normal casting methods. Grinding of such fabricated alloys is much easier and better surface conditions are realized. If the alloy is retained in its supporting material, additional ease of machining is accomplished.
Examples of ferrous alloys capable of developing high energy magnetic properties formed in accordance with the methods of the present invention are as follows:
A series of ferrous alloy billets were produced by vacuum or air melting as set forth in Table I. The billet di mensions, alloy diameters, container diameters, and die diameters are shown in Table II. After the alloys were enclosed in steel jackets having thicknesses from 0.060 inch to about 1.03 inches to form billets, each billet was heated to a temperature in the range of 1000 C. to 115 C. as set forth in Table III. The billets were extruded with a 1250 ton press from a container through a die as set forth in Table II. The deformed billets had resulting diameters as shown in Table III. Each billet was cooled to room temperature to provide a ferrous alloy capable of developing high energy magnetic properties.
Table I Chemical Analysis (Balance is Iron) No. Type of Melt Al Ni Co Cu Zr Ti 14.3 24.6 3.0 0.36 nil vacuum. 13.8 24.2 2.7 0.22 nil air. 15.1 33.7 4.1 nil 5.1 vacuum.
Table II Billet Dimensions Alloy Container Die No. Diameter, Diameter, Diameter,
Length, Diameter, inches inches inches inches inches Table III Temperature, Deformed Billet No. Centigrade Diameter,
Inches While other modifications of this invention and variations of method which may be employed within the scope of the invention have not been described, the invention is intended to include such that may be embraced within the following claims.
What we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:
l. A method of forming a ferrous alloy capable of developing high energy magnetic properties which comprises melting together 6 to 9.6 weight percent aluminum, 12 to 16 weight percent nickel, 22 to 34.5 weight percent co balt, 0.70 to 3.5 Weight percent copper, a metal selected from the group consisting of up to 0.41 weight percent zirconium and up to 5.2 weight percent titanium, and the balance being iron; cooling said alloy, forming a billet of said alloy enclosed in a supporting material having a melting point above the hot working temperature of said alloy, heating said billet to a temperature in the range of 1000 C. to 1150 C., and deforming said billet at a temperature in the range of 1000 C. to 1150 C. to a predetermined shape.
2. A method of forming a ferrous alloy capable of developing high energy magnetic properties which comprises melting together 6 to 9.6 weight percent aluminum, 12 to 16 weight percent nickel, 22 to 34.5 weight percent cobalt, 0.70 to 3.5 Weight percent copper, a metal selected from the group consisting of up to 0.41 weight percent zirconium and up to 5.2 Weight percent titanium, and the balance being iron; cooling said alloy, forming a billet of said alloy enclosed in a supporting material having a melting point above the hot working temperature of said alloy, heating said billet to a temperature in the range of 1000 C. to 1:150 C., deforming said billet at a temperature in the range of 1000 C. to 1150 C. to a predetermined shapc, and removing said supporting material.
3. A method of forming a ferrous alloy capable of developing high energy magnetic properties which comprises melting together 6 to 9.6 weight percent aluminum, 12 to 16 weight percent nickel, 22 to 34.5 weight percent cobalt, 0.70 to 3.5 weight percent copper, a metal selected from the group consisting of up to 0.41 weight percent zirconium, and up to 5.2 weight percent titanium, and the balance being iron; cooling said alloy, forming a billet of said alloy enclosed in a supporting material having a melting point above the hot working temperature of said alloy, heating said billet to a temperature in the range of 1000" C. to 1150 C., and extruding said billet at a temperature in the range of 1000 C. to 1150 C. to a predetermined shape.
4. A method of forming a ferrous alloy capable of developing high energy magnetic properties which comprises melting together 6 to 9.6 weight percent aluminum, 12 to 16 weight percent nickel, 22 to 34.5 weight percent cobalt, 0.70 to 3.5 weight percent copper, a metal selected from the group consisting of up to 0.41 weight percent zirconium, and up to 5.2 weight percent titanium, and the balance being iron; cooling said alloy, forming a billet of said alloy enclosed in a supporting material having a melting point above the hot working temperature of said alloy, heating said billet to a temperature in the range of 1000 C. to 1150 C., extruding said billet at a temperature in the range of 1000 C. to 1150 C. to a predetermined shape, and removing said supporting material.
5. A method of forming a ferrous alloy with high energy magnetic properties which comprises melting together 6 to 9.6 weight percent aluminum, 12 to 16 weight percent nickel, 22 to 34.5 weight percent cobalt, 0.70 to 3.5 weight percent copper, a metal selected from the group consisting of up to 0.41 Weight percent zirconium, and up to 5.2 weight percent titanium, and the balance being iron; cooling said alloy, forming a billet of said alloy enclosed in a supporting material having a melting point above the hot working temperature of said alloy, heating said billet to a temperature in the range of 1000 C. to 1150 C., deforming said billet at a temperature in the range of 1000 C. to 1150 C. to a predetermined shape, and cooling said billet in a high energy magnetic field to impart high energy magnetic properties thereto.
6. A method of forming a ferrous alloy with high energy magnetic properties which comprises melting together 6 to 9.6 weight percent aluminum, 12 to 16 weight percent nickel, 22 to 34.5 weight percent cobalt, 0.70 to 3.5 weight percent copper, a metal selected from the group consisting of up to 0.41 weight percent zirconium, and up to 5.2 weight percent titanium, and the balance being iron; cooling said alloy, forming a billet of said alloy enclosed in a supporting material having a melting point above the hot working temperature of said alloy, heating said billet to a temperature in the range of 1000 C. to 1150 C., deforming said billet at a temperature in the range of 1000 C. to 1150 C. to a predetermined shape, cooling said billet in a high energy magnetic field to impart high energy magnetic properties thereto, and removing said supporting material.
7. A method of forming a ferrous alloy with high energy magnetic properties which comprises melting together 6 to 9.6 weight percent aluminum, 12 to 16 weight percent nickel, 22 to 34.5 weight percent cobalt, 0.70 to 3.5 weight percent copper, a metal selected from the group consisting of up to 0.41 weight percent zirconium, and up to 5.2 weight percent titanium, and the balance being iron; cooling said alloy, forming a billet of said alloy enclosed in a supporting material having a melting point above the hot working temperature of said alloy, heating said billet to a temperature in the range of 1000" C. to 1150 C., deforming said billet at a temperature in the range of 1000 C. to 1150 C. to a predetermined shape, and subjecting said alloy to a high energy magnetic field to impart high energy magnetic properties thereto.
8. A method of forming a ferrous alloy with high energy magnetic properties which comprises melting together 6 to 9.6 Weight percent aluminum, 12 to 16 Weight alloy to a high energy magnetic field to impart high percent nickel, 22 to 34.5 weight percent cobalt, 0.70 to energy magnetic properties thereto.
3 .5 Weight percent copper, a metal selected from the group consisting of up to 0.41 Weight percent Zirconium, and up References Cited m the file of thls patent to 5.2 Weight percent titanium, and the balance being 5 UNITED STATES PATENTS iron; cooling said alloy, forming a billet of said alloy en- 2 241 2 0 Nipper M 6 1941 closed in a supporting material having a melting point 499 3 2 Hansen M 7, 1950 above the hot working temperature of said alloy, heating 2 633,921 Gross et 1 J l 20, 1954 said billet to a temperature in the range of 1000 C. to 2,837,452 De Vos et a1 June 3, 1958 1150 C., deforming said billet at a temperature in the 10 2,854,732 Hessenberg Oct. 7, 1958 range of 1000 C. to 1150 C. to a predetermined shape, 2,900,715 Milnes Aug. 25, 1959 removing said supporting material, and subjecting said 3,034,934 Redden May 15, 1962

Claims (1)

  1. 5. A METHOD OF FORMING A FERROUS ALLOY WITH HIGH ENERGY MAGNETIC PROPERTIES WHICH COMPRISES MELTING TOGETHER 6 TO 9.6 WEIGHT PERCENT ALUMINUM, 12 TO 16 WEIGHT PERCENT NICKEL, 22 TO 34.5 WEIGHT PERCENT COBALT, 0.70 TO 3.5 WEIGHT PERCENT COPPER, A METAL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF UP TO 0.41 WEIGHT PERCENT ZIRCONIUM, AND UP TO 5.2 WEIGHT PERCENT TITANIUM, AND THE BALANCE BEING IRON; COOLING SAID ALLOY, FORMING A BILLET OF SAID ALLOY ENCLOSED IN A SUPPORTING MATERIAL HAVING A MELTING POINT ABOVE THE HOT WORKING TEMPERATURE OF SAID ALLOY, HEATING SAID BILLET TO A TEMPERATURE IN THE RANGE OF 1000*C. TO 1150*C., DEFORMING SAID BILLET AT A TEMPERATURE IN THE RANGE OF 1000*C. TO 1150*C. TO A PREDETERMINED SHAPE, AND COOLING SAID BILLET IN A HIGH ENERGY MAGNETIC FIELD TO IMPART HIGH ENERGY MAGNETIC PROPERTIES THERETO.
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3928995A (en) * 1973-12-27 1975-12-30 Western Electric Co Method of and apparatus for producing articles having high magnetic permeability from billets of temporarily magnetizable (i.e., soft magnetic) material
US4042898A (en) * 1974-03-13 1977-08-16 Hitachi, Ltd. Pole piece for use in magnet device and method for manufacturing same
US4051706A (en) * 1974-07-11 1977-10-04 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Method of making anisotropic permanent magnets of mn-al-c alloys
US20070186999A1 (en) * 2005-05-16 2007-08-16 National Institute For Materials Science Method for manufacturing a stainless steel product and a stainless steel product manufactured by the method

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2241270A (en) * 1933-11-08 1941-05-06 Timken Roller Bearing Co Process for working iron carbon alloys
US2499862A (en) * 1948-03-16 1950-03-07 Crucible Steel Co America Permanent magnets and alloys therefor
US2683921A (en) * 1948-03-30 1954-07-20 Gen Electric Method of making and magetizing encased permanent magnets
US2837452A (en) * 1955-01-19 1958-06-03 Philips Corp Method of making anisotropic permanent magnets
US2854732A (en) * 1952-03-11 1958-10-07 British Iron Steel Research Process for the production of metals
US2900715A (en) * 1956-05-28 1959-08-25 Steel Improvement & Forge Co Protection of titanium
US3034934A (en) * 1960-03-31 1962-05-15 Gen Electric Method for processing of refractory metals

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2241270A (en) * 1933-11-08 1941-05-06 Timken Roller Bearing Co Process for working iron carbon alloys
US2499862A (en) * 1948-03-16 1950-03-07 Crucible Steel Co America Permanent magnets and alloys therefor
US2683921A (en) * 1948-03-30 1954-07-20 Gen Electric Method of making and magetizing encased permanent magnets
US2854732A (en) * 1952-03-11 1958-10-07 British Iron Steel Research Process for the production of metals
US2837452A (en) * 1955-01-19 1958-06-03 Philips Corp Method of making anisotropic permanent magnets
US2900715A (en) * 1956-05-28 1959-08-25 Steel Improvement & Forge Co Protection of titanium
US3034934A (en) * 1960-03-31 1962-05-15 Gen Electric Method for processing of refractory metals

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3928995A (en) * 1973-12-27 1975-12-30 Western Electric Co Method of and apparatus for producing articles having high magnetic permeability from billets of temporarily magnetizable (i.e., soft magnetic) material
US4042898A (en) * 1974-03-13 1977-08-16 Hitachi, Ltd. Pole piece for use in magnet device and method for manufacturing same
US4051706A (en) * 1974-07-11 1977-10-04 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Method of making anisotropic permanent magnets of mn-al-c alloys
US20070186999A1 (en) * 2005-05-16 2007-08-16 National Institute For Materials Science Method for manufacturing a stainless steel product and a stainless steel product manufactured by the method
US7875128B2 (en) * 2005-05-16 2011-01-25 National Institute For Materials Science Method for manufacturing a stainless steel product and a stainless steel product manufactured by the method

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