US3091026A - Method of making wire - Google Patents

Method of making wire Download PDF

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Publication number
US3091026A
US3091026A US773637A US77363758A US3091026A US 3091026 A US3091026 A US 3091026A US 773637 A US773637 A US 773637A US 77363758 A US77363758 A US 77363758A US 3091026 A US3091026 A US 3091026A
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Prior art keywords
wire
rod
wires
bundle
metal
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US773637A
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James S Hill
Blanche O Sivil
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Engelhard Industries Inc
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Engelhard Industries Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/14—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of noble metals or alloys based thereon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/16—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling wire rods, bars, merchant bars, rounds wire or material of like small cross-section
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/04—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of bars or wire
    • B21C37/047—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of bars or wire of fine wires
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
    • B23K20/233—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded without ferrous layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49801—Shaping fiber or fibered material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12639—Adjacent, identical composition, components
    • Y10T428/12646—Group VIII or IB metal-base
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12875—Platinum group metal-base component

Definitions

  • Certain metals such as metals of the platinum group, eg. platinum, palladium, rhodium, in substantially pure state are used as high temperature electrical conductors in view of the ability of such metals to withstand high temperatures.
  • the pure metals are, nevertheless, subject to grain growth and brittleness under prolonged use under high temperatures. The grain growth progresses with prolonged use until continuous grain boundaries completely traverse the diameter of the wire and some slippage occurs along the grain boundary resulting in a change in electrical characteristics or breakage of the wire at the grain boundary.
  • FIGURE 1 illustrates a perspective view of a Wire
  • FIGURE 2 illustrates a perspective view of a modified form of wire
  • FIGURE 3 illustrates a perspective view of a compact bundle of longitudinally aligned wires
  • FIGURE 4 illustrates a longitudinal sectional view of FIGURE 3, but with the ends of the bundled Wire fused into a solid mass
  • FIGURE 5 illustrates a diagrammatic illustration of the method steps employed in the making of a wire according to the invention.
  • the invention relates to the method of making a wire from a bundle of individual wires of substantially pure metal, the bundle being compacted and sintered at a temperature above the recrystallization temperature of the wire metal and subsequently hot worked to a solid wire mass. Thereafter, the wire is worked to desirable dimensions by the usual alternating hot and cold working.
  • a plurality of wires 1, for example wires of circular crosssection, or wires 2 of rectangular cross-section are first cleaned by usual cleaning methods to remove foreign or undesirable material on the surfaces thereof, and such wires are grouped into a bundle 3 as illustrated by FIG- URE 3.
  • the wires are cleaned, e.g. by etching with an acid prior to grouping into a compact bundle and secured or maintained in the form of a bundle by mechanical clamping or, preferably, by fusing the ends of the wires as at 4 and 5 into a solid mass.
  • the compact bundle is then sintered at a temperature above the recrystallization temperature of the metal until the individual wires are bonded together into a rod.
  • the sintered or frittered bundle 3 is worked by hot rolling until it is in the form of a hot metal rod as one solid mass. Thereafter, the metal rod is cold worked to desired dimensions or alter 3,991,026 Patented May 28, 1963 2 i nately cold Worked and hot worked until the desired dimensions are attained.
  • Eicample Wires of chemically pure platinum having a square cross-section of 0.110" were etched with aqua regia until the surfaces thereof were chemically clean.
  • Ninety-nine of the wires were grouped and compacted into a bundle 1" square.
  • Both ends of the bundle were heat-treated with a helium electric arc until the individual wire ends were fused into a solid mass.
  • the fusion of the ends of the bundle secured the bundle as a compact group.
  • the secured bundle was placed in a furnace and heattreated at a temperature of 1400 C. (which is above the recrystallization temperature and below the melting temperature of the platinum) for 16 hours until the individual wires were bonded into the form of a solid rod.
  • the bonded rod was then hot worked at 1000 C.
  • a four foot length of conventional platinum wire was tested under identical conditions and showed grains developed across the entire cross-section of the wire.
  • the stress rupture tests were conducted at a temperature of 1400 C. under a load of 230 lbs/sq. in.
  • the method of manufacturing wire according to the invention creates a migration of various occlusions in the metal to the grain boundaries where the occlusions become fixed and act to retard grain growth.
  • conventional Wire there is a minimum of occlusions, but in the wire of the invention, an increase of occlusions is created by the method of manufacture, whereby the metal is still in the pure state and of desirable electrical characteristics together with increased mechanical strength, which are maintained under use of the wire at high temperatures.
  • the method of making electrically conductive graingrowth controlled wire for use in high temperature operating devices comprising chemically cleaning numerous Wires of substantially the same size and of the same substantially pure metal selected from the class consisting of platinum, palladium and rhodium, grouping and securing the wires into a compact bundle, heat treating the bundle at a temperature above the recrystallization temperature and below the melting temperature of the metal until the wires are bonded into a rod reducing the cross-section of the rod by hot working until the rod is a solid metal mass of substantially pure metal, and cold working the rod into wire.

Description

y 8, 1963 J. s. HILL ET AL 3,091,026
METHOD OF MAKING WIRE Filed Nov. 13, 1958 2 GROUPING 4 SINTERING 5 HOT WORKING 6 GOLD WORKING IN VEN T 0R5 ATTORN EY United States Patent 3,091,026 METHOD OF MAKING WIRE James S. Hill, Cranford, N.J., and Cecil S. Sivil, deceased, late of East Orange, N.J., by Blanche 0. Sivil, executrix, East Orange, N.J., assignors, by mesne assignments, to Engelhartl Industries, Inc, Newark, N .J., a corporation of Delaware Filed Nov. 13, 1958, Ser. No. 773,637 3 Claims. (Cl. 29-419) The present invention deals with a method of making wire and more particularly with a method of making Wire for high temperature applications and especially for use as thermocouple Wire and furnace windings.
Certain metals, such as metals of the platinum group, eg. platinum, palladium, rhodium, in substantially pure state are used as high temperature electrical conductors in view of the ability of such metals to withstand high temperatures. The pure metals are, nevertheless, subject to grain growth and brittleness under prolonged use under high temperatures. The grain growth progresses with prolonged use until continuous grain boundaries completely traverse the diameter of the wire and some slippage occurs along the grain boundary resulting in a change in electrical characteristics or breakage of the wire at the grain boundary.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of making wire of substantially pure metal, whereby grain growth is retarded and mechanical strength is maintained under conditions which would otherwise deleteriously affect the wire. It is another object of the invention to provide a method making wire of pure metal, whereby desirable electrical characteristics thereof are maintained under prolonged use at high temperatures. Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description hereinafter following and the drawings forming a part hereof, in which:
FIGURE 1 illustrates a perspective view of a Wire,
FIGURE 2 illustrates a perspective view of a modified form of wire,
FIGURE 3 illustrates a perspective view of a compact bundle of longitudinally aligned wires,
FIGURE 4 illustrates a longitudinal sectional view of FIGURE 3, but with the ends of the bundled Wire fused into a solid mass, and
FIGURE 5 illustrates a diagrammatic illustration of the method steps employed in the making of a wire according to the invention.
The invention relates to the method of making a wire from a bundle of individual wires of substantially pure metal, the bundle being compacted and sintered at a temperature above the recrystallization temperature of the wire metal and subsequently hot worked to a solid wire mass. Thereafter, the wire is worked to desirable dimensions by the usual alternating hot and cold working.
More specifically, and according to the illustrations, a plurality of wires 1, for example wires of circular crosssection, or wires 2 of rectangular cross-section are first cleaned by usual cleaning methods to remove foreign or undesirable material on the surfaces thereof, and such wires are grouped into a bundle 3 as illustrated by FIG- URE 3. The wires are cleaned, e.g. by etching with an acid prior to grouping into a compact bundle and secured or maintained in the form of a bundle by mechanical clamping or, preferably, by fusing the ends of the wires as at 4 and 5 into a solid mass. The compact bundle is then sintered at a temperature above the recrystallization temperature of the metal until the individual wires are bonded together into a rod. The sintered or frittered bundle 3 is worked by hot rolling until it is in the form of a hot metal rod as one solid mass. Thereafter, the metal rod is cold worked to desired dimensions or alter 3,991,026 Patented May 28, 1963 2 i nately cold Worked and hot worked until the desired dimensions are attained.
Eicample Wires of chemically pure platinum having a square cross-section of 0.110" were etched with aqua regia until the surfaces thereof were chemically clean. Ninety-nine of the wires were grouped and compacted into a bundle 1" square. Both ends of the bundle were heat-treated with a helium electric arc until the individual wire ends were fused into a solid mass. The fusion of the ends of the bundle secured the bundle as a compact group. The secured bundle was placed in a furnace and heattreated at a temperature of 1400 C. (which is above the recrystallization temperature and below the melting temperature of the platinum) for 16 hours until the individual wires were bonded into the form of a solid rod. The bonded rod was then hot worked at 1000 C. by rolling between a pair of shaped reducing rolls and hot rolled to a square cross-section of 0.625. At this reduction the individual Wires were not distinguishable and the rod was in the form of a solid metal mass. The rod was further reduced by cold rolling to a 0.110 square crosssection, and still further reduced by drawing to finished size, i.e. 0.020". A four foot length of the wire was connected between a pair of electrodes and electric power was passed through the wire for eight hours continuously at 287 watts. After 8 hours, a micrographic cross-section showed no crystals large enough to traverse the wire cross-section and with the metal crystals being highly irregular and interlocked.
A four foot length of conventional platinum wire Was tested under identical conditions and showed grains developed across the entire cross-section of the wire.
Stress rupture tests showed that the wire of the invention showed a life test of one hundred times that of the convenional platinum wire, both wires consisting of chemically pure platinum.
The stress rupture tests were conducted at a temperature of 1400 C. under a load of 230 lbs/sq. in.
It has been determined that the method of manufacturing wire according to the invention creates a migration of various occlusions in the metal to the grain boundaries where the occlusions become fixed and act to retard grain growth. In conventional Wire, there is a minimum of occlusions, but in the wire of the invention, an increase of occlusions is created by the method of manufacture, whereby the metal is still in the pure state and of desirable electrical characteristics together with increased mechanical strength, which are maintained under use of the wire at high temperatures.
While the example is specific to platinum, other substantially pure metals can be formed into wire by the method of the invention within the scope of the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. The method of making electrically conductive graingrowth controlled wire for use in high temperature operating devices comprising chemically cleaning numerous Wires of substantially the same size and of the same substantially pure metal selected from the class consisting of platinum, palladium and rhodium, grouping and securing the wires into a compact bundle, heat treating the bundle at a temperature above the recrystallization temperature and below the melting temperature of the metal until the wires are bonded into a rod reducing the cross-section of the rod by hot working until the rod is a solid metal mass of substantially pure metal, and cold working the rod into wire.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the hot working comprises reducing the cross-section thereof by hot rolling.
3 4 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cold 2,234,127 Mautsch Mar. 4, 1941 Working comprises drawing the rod into wire. 2,691,815 Boessenkool et a1. Oct. 19, 1954 2,753,623 Boessenkool et a1. July 10, 1956 References Cited in the file of this patent 2, 42,440 Nachtman et 1 J l 1953 N ED STATES PATENTS 5 2.984.89 Hil y 1961 369,144 WilliQIIlSOH Aug. 30, 1887 OTHER REFERENCES 504,431 Green Sept. 5, 1893 623,652 Carta APR 25, 1399 The Platinum Metels by M. W156, pages 297-309, 1,307,054 King et aL June 17, 1919 published by International Nickel Co., New York, New 1,962,359 Dietz et a1 June 12 1934 10 York, and based upon chapter XV, Modern Uses of Non- 2206395 Gamer July 2, 1940 ferrous Metals, Second edition, 1953, A.I.M.E.

Claims (1)

1. THE METHOD OF MAKING ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE GRAIN GROWTH CONTROLLED WIRE FOR USE IN HIGH TEMPERATURE OPERATING DEVICES COMPRISING CHEMICALLY CLEANING NUMEROUS WIRES OF SUBSTANTIALLY THE SAME SIZE AND OF THE SAME SUBSTANTIALLY PURE METAL SELECTED FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF PLATINUM, PALLADIUM AND RHODIUM, GROUPING AND SECURING THE WIRES INTO A COMPACT BUNDLE, HEAT TREATING THE BUNDLE AT A TEMPERATURE ABOVE THE RECRYSTALLIZATION TEMPERATURE AND BELOW THE MELTING TEMPERATURE OF THE METAL UNTIL THE WIRES ARE BONDED INTO A ROD REDUCING THE CROSS-SECTION OF THE ROD BY HOT WORKING UNTIL THE ROD IS A SOLID METAL MASS OF SUBSTANTIALLY PURE METAL, AND COLD WORKING THE ROD INTO WIRE.
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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3165825A (en) * 1963-11-27 1965-01-19 Leach & Garner Co Jeweler's patterned wire
US3165824A (en) * 1962-05-21 1965-01-19 Leach & Garner Co Method for producing jewelers' stock
US3239919A (en) * 1961-08-15 1966-03-15 Rola Company Australia Proprie Method of producing high energy permanent magnets
US3432295A (en) * 1966-12-08 1969-03-11 Hittman Associates Inc Method for making oriented fiber or whisker composites
US3526953A (en) * 1967-01-03 1970-09-08 Gen Electric Method for making lightweight metallic structure
US3648355A (en) * 1969-07-02 1972-03-14 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Method for making an electric contact material
US3667108A (en) * 1970-04-17 1972-06-06 Us Navy Method of making a beryllium titanium composite
US3742578A (en) * 1968-08-15 1973-07-03 Philips Corp Method of manufacturing a regenerator

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US369144A (en) * 1887-08-30 Manufacture of electrical conductors
US504431A (en) * 1893-09-05 Shaft or bar iron
US623652A (en) * 1899-04-25 Pile for manufacturing bars
US1307054A (en) * 1919-06-17 Metal bar
US1962859A (en) * 1931-12-21 1934-06-12 Dentists Supply Co Compound wire
US2206395A (en) * 1938-08-05 1940-07-02 Harry I Stein Process for obtaining pure chromium, titanium, and certain other metals and alloys thereof
US2234127A (en) * 1936-12-24 1941-03-04 Mautsch Robert Process of manufacture of a metallurgical product intended to bemelted for forming ametal or an alloy
US2691815A (en) * 1951-01-04 1954-10-19 Metals & Controls Corp Solid phase bonding of metals
US2753623A (en) * 1951-01-05 1956-07-10 Metals & Controls Corp Solid phase bonding of metals
US2842440A (en) * 1953-12-18 1958-07-08 Nachtman John Simon Process of making structural material by heat bonding wire filaments
US2984894A (en) * 1956-11-30 1961-05-23 Engelhard Ind Inc Composite material

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US369144A (en) * 1887-08-30 Manufacture of electrical conductors
US504431A (en) * 1893-09-05 Shaft or bar iron
US623652A (en) * 1899-04-25 Pile for manufacturing bars
US1307054A (en) * 1919-06-17 Metal bar
US1962859A (en) * 1931-12-21 1934-06-12 Dentists Supply Co Compound wire
US2234127A (en) * 1936-12-24 1941-03-04 Mautsch Robert Process of manufacture of a metallurgical product intended to bemelted for forming ametal or an alloy
US2206395A (en) * 1938-08-05 1940-07-02 Harry I Stein Process for obtaining pure chromium, titanium, and certain other metals and alloys thereof
US2691815A (en) * 1951-01-04 1954-10-19 Metals & Controls Corp Solid phase bonding of metals
US2753623A (en) * 1951-01-05 1956-07-10 Metals & Controls Corp Solid phase bonding of metals
US2842440A (en) * 1953-12-18 1958-07-08 Nachtman John Simon Process of making structural material by heat bonding wire filaments
US2984894A (en) * 1956-11-30 1961-05-23 Engelhard Ind Inc Composite material

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3239919A (en) * 1961-08-15 1966-03-15 Rola Company Australia Proprie Method of producing high energy permanent magnets
US3165824A (en) * 1962-05-21 1965-01-19 Leach & Garner Co Method for producing jewelers' stock
US3165825A (en) * 1963-11-27 1965-01-19 Leach & Garner Co Jeweler's patterned wire
US3432295A (en) * 1966-12-08 1969-03-11 Hittman Associates Inc Method for making oriented fiber or whisker composites
US3526953A (en) * 1967-01-03 1970-09-08 Gen Electric Method for making lightweight metallic structure
US3742578A (en) * 1968-08-15 1973-07-03 Philips Corp Method of manufacturing a regenerator
US3648355A (en) * 1969-07-02 1972-03-14 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Method for making an electric contact material
US3667108A (en) * 1970-04-17 1972-06-06 Us Navy Method of making a beryllium titanium composite

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