US3088857A - Tracer mechanism - Google Patents

Tracer mechanism Download PDF

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US3088857A
US3088857A US776655A US77665558A US3088857A US 3088857 A US3088857 A US 3088857A US 776655 A US776655 A US 776655A US 77665558 A US77665558 A US 77665558A US 3088857 A US3088857 A US 3088857A
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pyrotechnic
composition
parts
nitrate
tracer
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US776655A
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Nicholas M Matusewicz
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
    • C06B33/12—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide the material being two or more oxygen-yielding compounds
    • C06B33/14—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide the material being two or more oxygen-yielding compounds at least one being an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
    • C06C15/00—Pyrophoric compositions; Flints
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/38—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of tracer type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S149/00—Explosive and thermic compositions or charges
    • Y10S149/116—Flare contains resin

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a tracer mechanism for use as a target, more particularly, it relates to tracer mechanisms incorporating improved tracer compositions.
  • the tracer head of this invention is for use as a photoactive source to be attached to rockets and bombs to permit photographing of their trajectories.
  • a satisfactory tracer head to permit adequate photography for weapon and vehicle evaluation must furnish a trajectory-continuous airborne photoactive source. Additionally, the dare composition used should be one which furnishes maximum continuous luminosity for the weight of the material, as Vspace limitations are obviously critical.
  • a further disadvantage of prior art pyrotechnic compositions used in tracers is the fact that they provided low photoactivity to volume ratio due to their chemical composition and the fact that they could not be effectively consolidated.
  • the space in a rocket head which is available for the pyrotechnic composition is quite limited. This accentuates the necessity for a pyrotechnic composition which can be eifectively consolidated and which will produce high luminosity for a relatively extended time.
  • a tracer head of suitable construction separate ignition means for a pyrotechnic composition
  • a pyrotechnic composition comprising 4an oxidizing agent from the class consisting of nitrates and perchlorates of alkali metals and ammonium, and a fuel comprising a material from the class consisting of magnesium, aluminum, boron and mixtures thereof to which composition has been added a semicatalytic constituent from the class consisting of man- 3,f88,857 Patented May 7, 1963 ganese dioxide, tungstic acid, molybdic acid, cerium nitrate, thorium nitrate, uranium nitrate, ammonium metavanadate, cerium oxalate, magnesium hydroxide, sodium metaperiodate, magnesium trisilicate, mercurio cyanide, barium peroxide, lithium nitrate, barium nitrate, sodium cobaltinitrite, sodium
  • the tracer head is represented generally -by the numeral 10 and the consolidated -pyrotechnic composition is shown at 11.
  • the tracer head 10 is provided with flame exit ports 12 so arranged and constructed that flames from the burning pyrotechnic will be emitted in a direction perpendicular to the direction of travel of the tracer head.
  • a coating 13 of firstiire or igniter mixture is painted on the end of .the consolidated pyrotechnic composition 11 for ignition of the composition.
  • a spiral 14 of fibrous material impregnated with an ignition mixture containing essentially gunpowder is coated with the first fire mixture and sealed to the coating 13.
  • a conventional type acceleration arming fuze 15 is provided having a spring loaded tiring pin which res a primer which in turn actuates a detonator located in the.
  • the fuze is of the type Idisclosed in the copending application of Winitred F. Sapp entitled Rocket Fuze and led in the U.S. Patent Office March 12, 1953, under Serial No. 342,039, now U.S. Patent No. 2,948,219.
  • the fuze 15 is mounted in the aft end of the head by means of sleeve 20 and set Screw 21.
  • the aft end of the head is provided with threads as shown for attaching the head to a conventional rocket motor used to propel the liare head.
  • the tracer head operates ⁇ as follows: Upon launch of the rocket or bomb carrying the head, the fuze is armed by acceleration of the missile. Arming of the fuze mechanism releases the tiring pin to fire the primer which, in turn, ignites the detonator, the detonator serving as a relay charge to tire the igniter composition and iirst fire. The iirst fire upon ignition burns at a temperature sufficiently high to ignite lthe pyrotechnic composition. The burning of the pyrotechnic mixture creates flames and hot gases which because of their connernent create high pressures.
  • This pressure causes iiame-s to be forced out of the exit ports 12.
  • the method and construction for igniting the pyro technic composition is not critical but is merely one that has been found to be operative. Other methods may be used.
  • the cone-shaped end of the fuze body 15 provides a bale adjacent the exi-t ports l2 for .the burning gas and flames from the end-burning pyrotechnic.
  • the cone-shaped end forms a diffuser cone to direct the gases and flames out of the exit ports.
  • the construction and arrangement of the ports and diffuser cone so that the gases and iiames are vented at a direction perpendicular to the line of ight and axis of the tracer is an important feature of the invention.
  • Example I Various pyrotechnic compositions were made up and tested. 'Ihe basic composition is that of Example I. The additional examples 'are of compositions made by adding the ingredients shown to Example I. A11 parts are by weight.
  • EXAMPLE I The composition consisted of 60 parts of ⁇ atomized magnesium (-100 to +200 mesh), 4G parts of sodium nitrate (200 mesh) and 5 parts of Laminac 4116 added as ya binder. This compound gave a candlepower of 400,000.
  • Example I The composition range of Example I is as follows:
  • compositions produced a continuous burning flare with good luminosity.
  • the incorporation of the semi-catalytic constituent in the pyrotechnic increases the amount of oxygen liberated during burning, thereby permitting more complete combustion of metal fuels and thus producing a higher luminosity per unit volume.
  • the Laminac 4116 in the above compositions may be replaced by a nitrocellulose binder with equally good resul-ts.
  • Other binders which may be used in equal amounts are fiuorocarbon waxes, such as, Kel-F waxes.
  • the amount of ybinder used is somewhat critical as too much produces too much carbon which takes a prohibitive amount of oxygen from the oxidizer thus resulting in the production of smoke only.
  • Laminac 4116 is an unsaturated polyester dissolved in a reactive monomer.
  • the monomer is styrene.
  • 'Ihe polyester is of relatively low molecular weight and is manufactured from one of the group of unsaturated dibasic acids, such as maleic and pumeric acid, and from one of the group of saturated dibasic acids, such as phthalic, isophthalic, and adipic acid; and from one or more from a group of polyols, such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and dipropylene glycol.
  • the polyester solution is a liquid with a specilic gravity of 1.10, a viscosity of 4 poises and an acid number of from 10 to 30.
  • the pyroteehnic mixture is prepared 'as follows: the dry ingredients are blended for thirty minutes in a Lancaster counter-current rapid batch mixer. The binder is then added and blending is continued for one hour. The blended mixture is then screened through a 20 mesh screen, placed in shallow trays and oven cured at F. for 72 hours. The cured mixture is rescreened through a 20 mesh screen and is then ready to be loaded into the pyrotechnic case 10.
  • the pyrotechnic composition is loaded as follows: 'with the pyrotechnic case l0 placed in a fixture to prevent permanent deformation of the case under consolidation loads, the pyrotechnic formulation is pressed into the case in two increments of ape proximately 150 grams each, using 100,000 p.s.i. on each increment. y
  • An ignition mixture may be coated on the end of the consolidated pyrotechnic -and the rst tire mixture 13 applied to it.
  • the composition of the ignition mixture may -fbe as follows: 50 percent -by Weight of a mixture consisting of 90 percent by weight of barium chromate (-325 mesh) and percent by weight of 'boron (-325 mesh), and 50 percent by weight of a mixture bf 50 parts by weight of the pyrotechnic mix ture and 5 parts by weight of Laminac 4116.
  • a pyrotechnic composition screened through a 20 mesh screen consisting essentially of to 45 percent sodium nitrate; from 54 to 64 percent magnesium; and from 1 to 2 percent nitrocellulose binder.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)

Description

May 7, 1963 N. M. MATusEwlcz `3,088,857
TRACER MECHANISM Filed Nov. ,26, 1958 INVENTOR. NICHOLAS M. MATUSEWICZ ATTOR N EYS United States Patent Y Oh ice 3,038,857 TRACER MECHANESM Nicholas M. Matusewicz, Upland, Calit., assigner to the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy Filed Nov. 26, 1958, Ser. No. 776,655
1 Claim. (Ci. 149-33) (Granted under Title 3S, US. Code (1952), sec. 266) The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Goverment of the United States of America for governmental purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or therefor.
This invention relates to a tracer mechanism for use as a target, more particularly, it relates to tracer mechanisms incorporating improved tracer compositions.
The tracer head of this invention is for use as a photoactive source to be attached to rockets and bombs to permit photographing of their trajectories.
A satisfactory tracer head to permit adequate photography for weapon and vehicle evaluation must furnish a trajectory-continuous airborne photoactive source. Additionally, the dare composition used should be one which furnishes maximum continuous luminosity for the weight of the material, as Vspace limitations are obviously critical.
Tracers used in .the past have been subject to a number of disadvantages. Previous tracers were of the instantaneous llash type `and furnished no time-Wise continuity of visibility from point of launch to a desired point of the trajectory of the missile. This is in part due to the fact that previous pyrotechnic formulations used in the tracers contained a fuel-oxidizer system designed to provide oxygen in amounts barely below the point of detonation so that supposedly a composition would be formed providing maximum oxidation without detonation. Theoretical and experimental yanalysis of these compositions have shown that most `of the available oxygen for combustion was not being utilized for this purpose. A further disadvantage of prior art pyrotechnic compositions used in tracers is the fact that they provided low photoactivity to volume ratio due to their chemical composition and the fact that they could not be effectively consolidated. The space in a rocket head which is available for the pyrotechnic composition is quite limited. This accentuates the necessity for a pyrotechnic composition which can be eifectively consolidated and which will produce high luminosity for a relatively extended time.
It is therefore an object `of this invention to provide a tracer head which furnishes la trajectory-continuous, airborne photoactive source which can be photographed for weapon and vehicle evaluation purposes.
It is another object of this invention to provide a pyrotechnic composition for a tracer head which can be readily consolidated and which provides maximum luminosity over an extended time per Weight and volume of the composition.
It is a further object of `this invention to provide a pyrotechnic composition for tracer heads in which lsubstantially all of Ithe available oxygen from the oxidizer is utilized for combustion of the fuel present.
It has been found that the above and other objects can be accomplished by the combination of a tracer head of suitable construction; separate ignition means for a pyrotechnic composition; and a pyrotechnic composition comprising 4an oxidizing agent from the class consisting of nitrates and perchlorates of alkali metals and ammonium, and a fuel comprising a material from the class consisting of magnesium, aluminum, boron and mixtures thereof to which composition has been added a semicatalytic constituent from the class consisting of man- 3,f88,857 Patented May 7, 1963 ganese dioxide, tungstic acid, molybdic acid, cerium nitrate, thorium nitrate, uranium nitrate, ammonium metavanadate, cerium oxalate, magnesium hydroxide, sodium metaperiodate, magnesium trisilicate, mercurio cyanide, barium peroxide, lithium nitrate, barium nitrate, sodium cobaltinitrite, sodium iluoride, sodium bismuthate, cerrous ammonium nitrate, selenium metal, columbium metal, tantalum metal, and aluminum-calcium alloy.
The invention is best understood by reference to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing which is a horizontal cross-section of the tracer head and tiring mechanism for the pyrotechnic composition.
Referring to the drawing, the tracer head is represented generally -by the numeral 10 and the consolidated -pyrotechnic composition is shown at 11. The tracer head 10 is provided with flame exit ports 12 so arranged and constructed that flames from the burning pyrotechnic will be emitted in a direction perpendicular to the direction of travel of the tracer head. A coating 13 of firstiire or igniter mixture is painted on the end of .the consolidated pyrotechnic composition 11 for ignition of the composition. A spiral 14 of fibrous material impregnated with an ignition mixture containing essentially gunpowder is coated with the first lire mixture and sealed to the coating 13. For igniting the first tire mixture a conventional type acceleration arming fuze 15 is provided having a spring loaded tiring pin which res a primer which in turn actuates a detonator located in the.
rotor 18 of the fuze. It will be noted that the forward end of the fuze case is cone-shaped and is so placed with respect to the exit ports 12 as to cause flames to be exited out of the ports. The firing pin, primer and detonator, being conventional, are not shown in detail. The fuze is of the type Idisclosed in the copending application of Winitred F. Sapp entitled Rocket Fuze and led in the U.S. Patent Office March 12, 1953, under Serial No. 342,039, now U.S. Patent No. 2,948,219. The fuze 15 is mounted in the aft end of the head by means of sleeve 20 and set Screw 21. The aft end of the head is provided with threads as shown for attaching the head to a conventional rocket motor used to propel the liare head. The tracer head -operates `as follows: Upon launch of the rocket or bomb carrying the head, the fuze is armed by acceleration of the missile. Arming of the fuze mechanism releases the tiring pin to fire the primer which, in turn, ignites the detonator, the detonator serving as a relay charge to tire the igniter composition and iirst fire. The iirst fire upon ignition burns at a temperature sufficiently high to ignite lthe pyrotechnic composition. The burning of the pyrotechnic mixture creates flames and hot gases which because of their connernent create high pressures. This pressure causes iiame-s to be forced out of the exit ports 12. The pyro technic 'burns for a period of time determined by the amount of pyrotechnic, mesh `size of the constituents, consolidation pressures and variations in the formulation. The method and construction for igniting the pyro technic composition is not critical but is merely one that has been found to be operative. Other methods may be used. It will be noted that the cone-shaped end of the fuze body 15 provides a bale adjacent the exi-t ports l2 for .the burning gas and flames from the end-burning pyrotechnic. The cone-shaped end forms a diffuser cone to direct the gases and flames out of the exit ports. The construction and arrangement of the ports and diffuser cone so that the gases and iiames are vented at a direction perpendicular to the line of ight and axis of the tracer is an important feature of the invention.
To this composition sutlicient N-butyl acetate was added to make the paste pourable and to permit the iirst iire to be painted onto the pyrotechnic in a thin layer.
Various pyrotechnic compositions were made up and tested. 'Ihe basic composition is that of Example I. The additional examples 'are of compositions made by adding the ingredients shown to Example I. A11 parts are by weight.
EXAMPLE I The composition consisted of 60 parts of `atomized magnesium (-100 to +200 mesh), 4G parts of sodium nitrate (200 mesh) and 5 parts of Laminac 4116 added as ya binder. This compound gave a candlepower of 400,000.
EXAMQPLE II Additive to Example I Candlepower 2% parts MnOz (-20D mesh) 430, 000
EXAMPLE III 2% parts of Cerium Oxalate (100 mesh) 435, 000
EXAMPLE IV 2% parts of Antimony Potassium Tartrate 100 mesh) 340, 000
EXAMPLE V 2% parts o! lead peroxide (-100 mesh) 360, 000
EXAMPLE VI 2% parts of ferrie oxide 200 mesh) 440, 000
EXAIWPLE VII 2% parts potassium permanganate 390, 000
EXAMPLE VIII 2%ttirltltiflfffffflif. 350, 000
EXAMPLE IX znpfzias o1 thorium dioxide and 2% parts of manganese 400, 000
EXAMPLE X 2% parts o! tungsten trioxide 425, 000
EXAMPLE XI of tungsten trioxide and 2% parts of manganesev 415 000 EXAMPLE XII 2% parts of molybdenum trioxide 450, 000
EXAMPLE XIII 2leirogdmolybdenum trioxide and 2% parts manga- 450 0U() EXAMPLE XIV 2% parts cerium oxide 455, 000
EXAM P LE XV 2% parts of cerium oxide and 2% parts manganese 455, 000
The composition range of Example I is as follows:
Wt. percent Sodium nitrate 35-45 Magnesium 54-64 Laminac 4116 1-2 Compositions were made and tested in which sodium nitrate of the above composition was replaced by each of the following oxidizing agents: potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium perchlorate and potassium To all of the above compositions the following semicatalytic modifying agents were added within the range of 1 to 10 percent by weight and tested; the additives were added to obtain controlled effects in the catalytic action on burning of the tracer compositions: manganese dioxide, tungstie acid, molybdic acid, ceriurn nitrate, thorium nitrate, uranium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium metavanadate, cen'um oxalate, magnesium hydroxide, sodium metaperiodate, magnesium trisilicate, mercurio cyanide, barium peroxide, lithium nitrate, barium nitrate, sodium cobaltinitrite, sodium uoride, sodium bismuthate, cerous ammonium nitrate, selenium metal, columbiurn metal, tantalum metal, aluminumcalcium alloy. All of the compositions produced a continuous burning flare with good luminosity. The incorporation of the semi-catalytic constituent in the pyrotechnic increases the amount of oxygen liberated during burning, thereby permitting more complete combustion of metal fuels and thus producing a higher luminosity per unit volume. The Laminac 4116 in the above compositions may be replaced by a nitrocellulose binder with equally good resul-ts. Other binders which may be used in equal amounts are fiuorocarbon waxes, such as, Kel-F waxes. The amount of ybinder used is somewhat critical as too much produces too much carbon which takes a prohibitive amount of oxygen from the oxidizer thus resulting in the production of smoke only.
Laminac 4116 is an unsaturated polyester dissolved in a reactive monomer. The monomer is styrene. 'Ihe polyester is of relatively low molecular weight and is manufactured from one of the group of unsaturated dibasic acids, such as maleic and pumeric acid, and from one of the group of saturated dibasic acids, such as phthalic, isophthalic, and adipic acid; and from one or more from a group of polyols, such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and dipropylene glycol. The polyester solution is a liquid with a specilic gravity of 1.10, a viscosity of 4 poises and an acid number of from 10 to 30.
The pyroteehnic mixture is prepared 'as follows: the dry ingredients are blended for thirty minutes in a Lancaster counter-current rapid batch mixer. The binder is then added and blending is continued for one hour. The blended mixture is then screened through a 20 mesh screen, placed in shallow trays and oven cured at F. for 72 hours. The cured mixture is rescreened through a 20 mesh screen and is then ready to be loaded into the pyrotechnic case 10. The pyrotechnic composition is loaded as follows: 'with the pyrotechnic case l0 placed in a fixture to prevent permanent deformation of the case under consolidation loads, the pyrotechnic formulation is pressed into the case in two increments of ape proximately 150 grams each, using 100,000 p.s.i. on each increment. y
An ignition mixture, not shown, may be coated on the end of the consolidated pyrotechnic -and the rst tire mixture 13 applied to it. The composition of the ignition mixture may -fbe as follows: 50 percent -by Weight of a mixture consisting of 90 percent by weight of barium chromate (-325 mesh) and percent by weight of 'boron (-325 mesh), and 50 percent by weight of a mixture bf 50 parts by weight of the pyrotechnic mix ture and 5 parts by weight of Laminac 4116.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in .the light of the above teachings. I-t is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced lotherwise than as specifically described.
What is claimed is:
A pyrotechnic composition screened through a 20 mesh screen consisting essentially of to 45 percent sodium nitrate; from 54 to 64 percent magnesium; and from 1 to 2 percent nitrocellulose binder.
References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 594,594 Bostwick Nov. 30, 1897 613,021 Schwartz Oct. 25, 1898 1,025,500 Wieser et a1. May 7, 1912 2,035,509 Schladt Mar. 31, 1936 2,149,314 Schladt Mar. 7, 1939 2,410,801 Audrieth Nov. 12, 1946 2,700,603 Hart et al. Jan. 25, 1955 2,829,596 Loedding Apr. 8, 1958 2,868,129 Johnson et al Jan. 13, 1959 2,968,542 Brock Ian. 17, 1961 OTHER REFERENCES Military Explosives, TM9-1910 TO11A134, April 1955, pp. 276, 287, and 294.
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3862865A (en) * 1971-05-24 1975-01-28 Kilgore Corp Sparkler composition
FR2417078A1 (en) * 1978-02-08 1979-09-07 Serat Tracer marker for projectiles and missiles - has one or more longitudinal apertures in sides to permit easy ejection of burn-off waste
US4302259A (en) * 1979-10-31 1981-11-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army MgH2 and Sr(NO3)2 pyrotechnic composition
WO1997023434A1 (en) * 1995-12-23 1997-07-03 Dynamit Nobel Gmbh Explosivstoff- Und Systemtechnik Priming-explosive-free igniting mixture
WO2012072198A3 (en) * 2010-11-29 2012-08-23 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Perchlorate-free pyrotechnic mixture
WO2016131158A3 (en) * 2015-02-18 2017-07-13 Ruag Ammotec Ag Tracer ammunition
RU2633545C1 (en) * 2016-07-13 2017-10-13 федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Казанский национальный исследовательский технологический университет" (ФГБОУ ВО "КНИТУ") Yellow light pyrotechnic composition

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US594594A (en) * 1897-11-30 James a
US613021A (en) * 1898-10-25 Schwaetz
US1025500A (en) * 1912-05-07 Krupp Ag Projectile for firing at airships.
US2035509A (en) * 1934-12-06 1936-03-31 George J Schladt Pyrotechnic composition
US2149314A (en) * 1938-02-16 1939-03-07 George J Schladt Pyrotechnic composition
US2410801A (en) * 1945-03-13 1946-11-12 Ludwig F Audrieth Igniting composition
US2700603A (en) * 1949-10-13 1955-01-25 Hart David Self-hardening pyrotechnic composition
US2829596A (en) * 1954-12-17 1958-04-08 Unexcelled Chemical Corp Tracking flares
US2868129A (en) * 1956-08-10 1959-01-13 Thomas H Johnson Flare device
US2968542A (en) * 1958-07-15 1961-01-17 Olin Mathieson Illuminants

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US594594A (en) * 1897-11-30 James a
US613021A (en) * 1898-10-25 Schwaetz
US1025500A (en) * 1912-05-07 Krupp Ag Projectile for firing at airships.
US2035509A (en) * 1934-12-06 1936-03-31 George J Schladt Pyrotechnic composition
US2149314A (en) * 1938-02-16 1939-03-07 George J Schladt Pyrotechnic composition
US2410801A (en) * 1945-03-13 1946-11-12 Ludwig F Audrieth Igniting composition
US2700603A (en) * 1949-10-13 1955-01-25 Hart David Self-hardening pyrotechnic composition
US2829596A (en) * 1954-12-17 1958-04-08 Unexcelled Chemical Corp Tracking flares
US2868129A (en) * 1956-08-10 1959-01-13 Thomas H Johnson Flare device
US2968542A (en) * 1958-07-15 1961-01-17 Olin Mathieson Illuminants

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3862865A (en) * 1971-05-24 1975-01-28 Kilgore Corp Sparkler composition
FR2417078A1 (en) * 1978-02-08 1979-09-07 Serat Tracer marker for projectiles and missiles - has one or more longitudinal apertures in sides to permit easy ejection of burn-off waste
US4302259A (en) * 1979-10-31 1981-11-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army MgH2 and Sr(NO3)2 pyrotechnic composition
WO1997023434A1 (en) * 1995-12-23 1997-07-03 Dynamit Nobel Gmbh Explosivstoff- Und Systemtechnik Priming-explosive-free igniting mixture
WO2012072198A3 (en) * 2010-11-29 2012-08-23 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Perchlorate-free pyrotechnic mixture
US8888936B2 (en) 2010-11-29 2014-11-18 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Perchlorate-free pyrotechnic mixture
WO2016131158A3 (en) * 2015-02-18 2017-07-13 Ruag Ammotec Ag Tracer ammunition
US10451392B2 (en) 2015-02-18 2019-10-22 Ruag Ammotec Ag Tracer ammunition
RU2633545C1 (en) * 2016-07-13 2017-10-13 федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Казанский национальный исследовательский технологический университет" (ФГБОУ ВО "КНИТУ") Yellow light pyrotechnic composition

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