US3081952A - Fuel nozzle - Google Patents

Fuel nozzle Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3081952A
US3081952A US121124A US12112461A US3081952A US 3081952 A US3081952 A US 3081952A US 121124 A US121124 A US 121124A US 12112461 A US12112461 A US 12112461A US 3081952 A US3081952 A US 3081952A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
fuel
cavity
bellows
extremity
disc
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US121124A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Stephen G Woodward
Roderick F Bailey
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bendix Corp
Original Assignee
Bendix Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bendix Corp filed Critical Bendix Corp
Priority to US121124A priority Critical patent/US3081952A/en
Priority to BE619328A priority patent/BE619328A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3081952A publication Critical patent/US3081952A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/24—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space by pressurisation of the fuel before a nozzle through which it is sprayed by a substantial pressure reduction into a space
    • F23D11/26—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space by pressurisation of the fuel before a nozzle through which it is sprayed by a substantial pressure reduction into a space with provision for varying the rate at which the fuel is sprayed

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fuel nozzle of the type incorporated in jet engines and more particularly relates to a swirl type nozzle incorporating variable area metering means.
  • 1t is another object of the present invention to provide a fuel nozzle the operation of which is not ldetrimentally affected by relatively dirty fuel.
  • It is still another object Iof the present invention to provide a fuel nozzle having fuel metering means providing a variable metered fuel flow.
  • I-t is a further object of the present invention to provide a fuel nozzle with ⁇ a common variable pressure fuel source having a fixed prilnrary fuel discharge and a variable secondary fuel discharge.
  • It is still a further object of the present invention to provide a fuel nozzle having the primary fand secondary fuel metering means formed in one end wall of a support cavity and further having the ⁇ fuel metering means adapted to cooperate with a valve to provide a variable secondary fuel discharge.
  • FlGURE 1 is a sectional side elevation of a fuel nozzle embodying the invention, portions thereof being broken away for the sake of clarity and illustrating Ithe secondary fuel metering means in a closed position;
  • FGURE 2 is a cross-sectional view taken through FIGURE l substantially along the plane of line 2 2;
  • FIGURE 3 is a cross-secional view taken through FIG- URE l substantially along lthe plane of line 3-3g
  • FIGURE 4 is ⁇ a View similar to FIGURE l but illustrating a secon-d embodiment of the invention, the secondary fuel metering means being illustrated in the closed position;
  • FIGURE 5 is a cross-sectional view taken through FIGURE 4 substantially along the planes of lines 5-5.
  • FIGURE 1 the numeral 11 generally designates a fuel nozzle.
  • a support 12 made up of a body 13 and a housing 14 defines tan raxial cavity 16 terminated by the extremity 15 in which there is forme-d a substantially truste-conical shaped fuel outlet or orifice 17.
  • a fuel metering tip generally designated ⁇ as 18 and bellows actuated vfalve means generally designated as 19.
  • the fuel nozzle is threadedly received in the utilizing engine or equipment (not shown) by means of the threads 21 formed on the body 13.
  • the housing 14 is fixedly secured to the body as by brazing or welding and has formed on its outer surface a plurality of faces or turning points 22. to facilitate mounting the nozzle in the equipment for engine.
  • the metering tip 18 positioned adjacent the extremity 15 in the cavity comprises a disc portion 24 which is centrally apertured at 26.
  • An axially extending annulus 2'7 formed on the obverse face of the disc cooperates with the housing extremity 15 fand the fuel outlet 17 to define a reservoir 28.
  • a plurality of fuel passages 29 formed -adjacent the peripheral portions of the disc 24 communicate between the cavity 16 and the reservoir 28.
  • Annulus 27 ⁇ defines a portion of the disc 4aperture 26 as well yas a spin cham-ber 31.
  • a plurality of metering slots 30k best illustrated in FIGURE 2 opening 4tangentially to the spin chamber communicate between the reservoir 28 and the spin chamber 3-1.
  • the slots 3f) provide fixed fiow primary fuel metering means.
  • An axial tubular extension 32 formed on the rear face of the disc 24 defines a substantially cylindrical cavity serving as a secondary spin chamber 33.
  • the spin chamber also defines a portion of the disc 'aperture 26 with the aperture and spin chamber being reduced in ⁇ diameter to provide a shoulder serving as a valve seat V35.
  • the effects on the hereinafter described piston valve 51 of downstream pressures created by the primary feed are also effectively reduced by the aperture reduction in diameter provided by the shoulder.
  • the pressure within the aperture 26 and spin chamber 3-1 is greatest yor highest at the outer wall of the spin chamber where the metered primary fuel emerges from the primary slots 30 and this pressure progressively decreases to substantially the level of the pressure at the discharge orifice or fuel outlet 17 asthe metered primary fuel radially and axially approaches the orifice.
  • the pressures Within this area are also substantially stratified therefore the utilization of the smaller diameter shoulder, the diameter of which is appreciably smaller than that of the swirl chamber but larger than that of the orifice .17, is essential to prevent the piston valve from sensing a high back pressure generated by the primary fuel fiow.
  • a high back pressure sensed by the piston valve would supplement the valve actuating means and would, in effect, cause the valve to open and -detrimentally reduce the relative pressure differential existing between the primary and secondary systems. Additionally, this shoulder diameter must be properly sized so as to prevent the metered secondary fuel from discharging directly through the orifice. It is desirable that the primary and secondary fuel be intermixed in the swirl chamber 31 before being discharged from the orifice in order to obtain a properly atomized fuel spray pattern.
  • the valve seat is undercut as at 36 to provide a sharp contact point or seat.
  • a plurality of slots 34 best illustrated in FIGURE 3 opening tangentially into the lspin chamber 33 communicate between the cavity 16 and the spin chamber to provide secondary fuel metering means.
  • a beveled dise washer 37 compressively abuts against the shoulder 38 of the disc 24 and the shoulder 3-9 provided by the extremity of the body 13 to maintain the metering tip 18 properly positioned within the cavity.
  • a plurality of passages 41 in the ⁇ washer allow the passage of fuel to the primary metering means.
  • the valve means 19 are supported in the cavity 16 by a shank 42 supported in an adjusting screw 43 threadedly received in the body ⁇ 13.
  • the adjusting screw is provided with axial slots 44 which allow fuel to pass from a fuel supply system (not shown) and a lter 46 into the cavity.
  • a -shoulder 47 formed by the increased diameter portion 48 of the shank is drawn up against one end of the adjusting screw by a lock nut 49 threaded on the shank extremity to engage the opposite end of the adjusting screw.
  • the bellows actuated valve means 19, once lthe adjusting screw is properly positioned in the support, will be preloaded and the adjusting means should then be locked in that position by brazing or welding.
  • the bellows assembly is supported on the extremity of the shank projecting into the cavity itself and comprises a piston valve member 51, a bellows actuator 52 and a bellows adjusting sleeve 53.
  • the piston valve includes an axially elongated cylinder ⁇ 54 slidably received in the secondary spin chamber 33. Adjacent the cylinder extremity there is formed a ring member 56 which is axially thin relative to the cylinder and has sharply defined edge portions. The thinness of the ring 56 relative to the cylindrical surface of the piston 54 is critically important since it provides a small area of contact between the valve and the wall of the spin charnber 33 which wall acts as the valve guide.
  • the Ismall area of contact thus minimizes the adverse effect of gum formations and dirt in the fuel, both -of which create a drag on the valve and cause valve malfunctions to occur.
  • the sharply defined edge portions of the ring provide a scouring or cleaning action which occurs during piston movements and thereby prevents -a build-up of contaminants and insures free valve action.
  • the bellows 52 is operatively secured at one extremity to the piston by any convenient method and is secured ⁇ to the bellows adjusting sleeve at the opposite extremity.
  • the bellows adjusting sleeve is threadedly received on the threaded portion 58 of the shank 42. Once properly positioned .on the Shank, the bellows adjusting sleeve is brazed or welded to the shank as at 59. The positioning of the ⁇ adjusting sleeve is done prior to the preloading of the bellows previously described.
  • a stemmed portion 61 of the shank 42 extends into the interior of the bellows to limit the contractive movements of the bellows.
  • the bellows internal pressure which is determined by the downstream pressure introduced into the bellows by the bleed S7, will be iiisufficient to support the bellows in the expanded condition and the bellows will gradually collapse.
  • the collapse o-f the bellows will articulate the piston 51 away from the valve seat 35 thereby allowing additional fuel to flow from the cavity 16 through the secondary metering slots 34 into the secondary spin chamber 33 and thence via the aperture 26 and primary spin chamber to the fuel outlet or orifice 17 to supplement the primary fuel flow.
  • the thin sharp ring member 56 will provide a guiding action in cooperation with the linner surface of the axial extension 32 and will simultaneously act as a scouring means to remove detrimental dirt and/or sludge away from the surface of the extension 32 adjacent to the secondary fuel metering slot openings.
  • the bellows will increasingly collapse causing lthe piston to be withdrawn further from the seat to provide a greater area of secondary metering slots opening into the secondary spin chamber.
  • fuel pressure increases above a predetermined value will cause a variable secondary fuel metering system to become operative to supplement the fixed primary fuel supply..
  • the limit of piston movement in the opening direction' is determined by the shank stem portion 61.
  • valve seat 35 and the pressures exerted by the bellows during its expansion will cause a complete close off of secondary fuel ilow irrespective of the existence of dirt in the secondary metering system.
  • the modified embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIGURE 4 of the fuel nozzle has been generally designated as 66 and comprises a hollow support 67 defining a cavity 68.
  • the extremity 69 of thc support has a fuel outlet or orifice 71 formed therein which is surrounded by fuel metering means.
  • the fuel metering means comprises the first fuel reservoir 72 formed in the surface of the cavity end wall 69 and coaxially disposed about the orifice 71.
  • a plurality of metering slots 73 best illustrated in FIGURE 5 is formed in the innermost annulus 74 which defines one side of the reservoir 72 and communicates between the reservoir 72 and the fuel outlet 71.
  • a discoid guide member 79 positioned in the cavity also defines portions of both reservoirs.
  • a plurality of metering slots 81 also illustrated in FlGURE 5 is formed in the annulus 76 and by the disc 79 to communicate between the reservoirs. Fuel is introduced into the reservoir 78 by means of a plurality of fuel passages 82 formed in the marg-inal portion-s of the guide 79.
  • a valve assembly generally designated as 83 is positioned in the cavity.
  • a bellows support 84 is also secured in the cavity and channel means 86 are pro-vided therein to enable fuel from a supply system (not shown) to be fed into the cavity.
  • a bellows actuator 87 is secured at one extremity to the support 84 and at its other extremity is operably connected to a piston valve 88.
  • the piston valve has a rearwardly extending cylindrical portion 89 slidably supported in the central aperture 91 of the guide 79.
  • the valve portion 92 of the piston when the bellows is expanded, will seat on the annulus 74 so as to cause all the fuel to be metered to the fuel outlet 71 through the primary fuel metering slots 73.
  • the piston is withdrawn and the reservoir 72 is gradually enlarged to allow fuel to be metered directly to the fuel outlet 71.
  • a substantially conical protrusion 93 formed on the piston valve 88 is adapted to project into the substantially conical fuel outlet 71.
  • the protrusion 93 causes the fuel outletto become a spin chamber and as the piston is withdrawn, the chamber automatically enlarges to accommodate the increased volume of metered fuel.
  • Passage means 94 provided in the cone 93 communicate downstream pressure to the bellows to thereby establish a pressure differential for -bellows operation.
  • the bellows When the fuel supply introduced into the cavity reaches or exceeds a predetermined pressure, the bellows will begin to collapse causing the piston valve 88 to be guided in the member 79 away from the end wall 69. Movement of the piston causes the reservoir 72 to open directly into the spin chamber thus allowing fuel from the secondary metering means to flow directly into the outlet. Movement of the piston also causes the spin chamber to become enlarged due to the change o-f relative position between the fuel outlet and the piston cone. The enlarged spin chamber thus easily and conveniently accommodates theadded fuel flow.
  • this invention provides a bellows actuated fuel nozzle having unique metering structures for incorporation in a utilizing jet engine without entailing any appreciable changes in the size, construction or an arrangement o-f parts of the latter.
  • a fuel nozzle of the character described comprising: a support having a cavity therein terminating at one extremity as a fuel outlet; means communicating with the cavity for providing pressurized fuel to the cavity; a disc defining separate primary and secondary fuel metering means positioned in the cavity adjacent said one extremity, said disc having an aperture formed therein communicating with the fuel outlet and providing a valve seat and at least one spin chamber; means including a first plurality of slot means formed on the obverse 6 face of the disc adjacent said one extremity communicating between the cavity and a spin chamber adapted to provide fixed primary fuel metering means; a second plurality of elongated axial slots formed on the rear face of the disc communicating between the cavity and a spin chamber adapted to provide variable secondary fuel metering means; bellows actuator means in the cavity; a cylindrical piston valve operably connected to the bellows and articulated thereby for controlling the fuel ow through the secondary fuel metering means, one extremity of said piston valve being adapted to cooperate with the valve seat when the fuel pressure is
  • a fuel nozzle of the type set forth in claim l wherein the means adapted to provide the fixed primary fuel metering means includes further: a fuel reservoir between the obverse face of the disc and said one extremity of the cavity; and, a plurality of fuel passages in the disc communicating between the cavity and the reservoir, said first plurality of slot means communicating between the reservoir and the spin chamber.
  • a fuel nozzle of the character described comprising: a support having an axial cavity terminated at one extremity by a fuel outlet; means communicating with -the support cavity for supplying fuel under pressure; an
  • apertured disc providing tip means positioned in the support adjacent toV said one extremity and communicating with the fuel outlet providing primary fuel metering means on the front face of the disc and secondary fuel metering means on -the rear face of the disc, said aperture defining separate but interconnected first and second spin chambers communicating with the fuel outlet; a valve seat in the aperture intermediate of the spin chambers, said Valve seat defining an opening having a smaller diameter than the diameter of said first spin chamber whereby ⁇ high back pressure generated in said first spin chamber is effectively prevented from entering said second spin chamber when the valve seat is exposed; an axially extending annulus on the front face of the disc coacting with said one end of the cavity, said primary fuel metering means including a plurality of slots being formed in the annulus and opening tangentially into the first spin chamber; fuel passage means in the disc for supplying fuel from the cavity to the primary fuel meterlng means; an axial annular extension formed on the rear face of the disc; said extension defining portions of the aperture containing the second spin chamber, said secondary fuel
  • a fuel nozzle of the type set forth in claim 3 in which the piston valve is adapted to cooperate with the disc valve seat when the bellows assumes an expanded condition for closing olf a secondary fuel flow, said piston valve including further a ring member adapted to guide the valve in the aperture when the bellows moves toward a contracted condition, said ring member being 5 axially thin relative to the piston valve and having sharp portions adapted to scour the aperture surface adjacent the secondary fuel metering means.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
US121124A 1961-06-30 1961-06-30 Fuel nozzle Expired - Lifetime US3081952A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US121124A US3081952A (en) 1961-06-30 1961-06-30 Fuel nozzle
BE619328A BE619328A (fr) 1961-06-30 1962-06-25 Perfectionnements aux injecteurs de combustible

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US121124A US3081952A (en) 1961-06-30 1961-06-30 Fuel nozzle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3081952A true US3081952A (en) 1963-03-19

Family

ID=22394712

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US121124A Expired - Lifetime US3081952A (en) 1961-06-30 1961-06-30 Fuel nozzle

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US3081952A (fr)
BE (1) BE619328A (fr)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3520480A (en) * 1968-04-24 1970-07-14 Ex Cell O Corp Fuel spray nozzle
US3598321A (en) * 1969-01-31 1971-08-10 Delavan Manufacturing Co Leaf spring nozzle flow control
US3632047A (en) * 1970-06-12 1972-01-04 John N Ghougasian Fuel injection nozzle valve
US5242117A (en) * 1991-12-24 1993-09-07 Societe Nationale D'etude Et De Construction De Moteurs D'aviation Fuel injector for a gas turbine engine
US5722598A (en) * 1993-05-25 1998-03-03 Werding; Winfried Spraying nozzle for regulating the rate of flow per unit of time
US5931388A (en) * 1996-07-03 1999-08-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines
US6089473A (en) * 1996-09-12 2000-07-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Valve, in particular a fuel injection valve
US6125818A (en) * 1997-03-19 2000-10-03 Hiatchi, Ltd. Fuel injector and internal combustion engine having the same
US20020179740A1 (en) * 2000-08-23 2002-12-05 Guenter Dantes Swirl plate and fuel injection valve comprising such a swirl plate
DE102005012666A1 (de) * 2005-03-18 2006-09-28 Siemens Ag Gehäuseteil, insbesondere Zwischenplatte, für einen Injektor eines Einspritzsystems sowie Kontaktiervorrichtung mit einem Gehäuseteil und Injektor mit einer Kontaktiervorrichtung
US20080121738A1 (en) * 2005-07-06 2008-05-29 Mitani Valve Co. Ltd. Content discharge mechanism and aerosol type product and pump type product equipped with the mechanism
US20150176462A1 (en) * 2013-12-23 2015-06-25 Baohua Qi Low Pressure Atomizing Injector

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2503481A (en) * 1946-12-04 1950-04-11 William W Hallinan Atomizing nozzle
US2786719A (en) * 1954-05-17 1957-03-26 Bendix Aviat Corp Nozzle
GB835164A (en) * 1957-12-03 1960-05-18 Lucas Industries Ltd Liquid fuel spraying nozzles

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2503481A (en) * 1946-12-04 1950-04-11 William W Hallinan Atomizing nozzle
US2786719A (en) * 1954-05-17 1957-03-26 Bendix Aviat Corp Nozzle
GB835164A (en) * 1957-12-03 1960-05-18 Lucas Industries Ltd Liquid fuel spraying nozzles

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3520480A (en) * 1968-04-24 1970-07-14 Ex Cell O Corp Fuel spray nozzle
US3598321A (en) * 1969-01-31 1971-08-10 Delavan Manufacturing Co Leaf spring nozzle flow control
US3632047A (en) * 1970-06-12 1972-01-04 John N Ghougasian Fuel injection nozzle valve
US5242117A (en) * 1991-12-24 1993-09-07 Societe Nationale D'etude Et De Construction De Moteurs D'aviation Fuel injector for a gas turbine engine
US5722598A (en) * 1993-05-25 1998-03-03 Werding; Winfried Spraying nozzle for regulating the rate of flow per unit of time
US5931388A (en) * 1996-07-03 1999-08-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines
US6089473A (en) * 1996-09-12 2000-07-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Valve, in particular a fuel injection valve
US6125818A (en) * 1997-03-19 2000-10-03 Hiatchi, Ltd. Fuel injector and internal combustion engine having the same
US6216665B1 (en) 1997-03-19 2001-04-17 Hitachi, Ltd. Fuel injector and internal combustion engine having the same
US6341592B2 (en) 1997-03-19 2002-01-29 Hitachi, Ltd. Fuel injector and internal combustion engine having the same
US20020179740A1 (en) * 2000-08-23 2002-12-05 Guenter Dantes Swirl plate and fuel injection valve comprising such a swirl plate
US6764033B2 (en) * 2000-08-23 2004-07-20 Robert Bosch Gmbh Swirl plate and fuel injection valve comprising such a swirl plate
DE102005012666A1 (de) * 2005-03-18 2006-09-28 Siemens Ag Gehäuseteil, insbesondere Zwischenplatte, für einen Injektor eines Einspritzsystems sowie Kontaktiervorrichtung mit einem Gehäuseteil und Injektor mit einer Kontaktiervorrichtung
US20080121738A1 (en) * 2005-07-06 2008-05-29 Mitani Valve Co. Ltd. Content discharge mechanism and aerosol type product and pump type product equipped with the mechanism
US7886995B2 (en) * 2005-07-06 2011-02-15 Mitani Valve Co. Ltd. Content discharge mechanism and aerosol type product and pump type product equipped with the mechanism
US20150176462A1 (en) * 2013-12-23 2015-06-25 Baohua Qi Low Pressure Atomizing Injector
US9488086B2 (en) * 2013-12-23 2016-11-08 Baohua Qi Low pressure atomizing injector

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE619328A (fr) 1962-10-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3081952A (en) Fuel nozzle
US2974880A (en) Aerosol spray head
US2893647A (en) Adjustable fuel nozzle
US3443760A (en) Fail-safe fuel injection nozzle
US2513720A (en) Thermostatically controlled, constant output atomizing fuel nozzle
US1824952A (en) Oil burning system
US2984421A (en) Adjustable aerosol device
US2981483A (en) Injector having a high flow rate ratio
US3247967A (en) Flow divider valve
US3095153A (en) Variable area spray nozzle
US3368761A (en) Variable flow rate fuel injection nozzle
US2974881A (en) Fuel injection nozzle
US3022954A (en) Variable area valve
US2572606A (en) Burner nozzle
US2656218A (en) Spray nozzle
US3910496A (en) Atomizer
US2774629A (en) Variable area fuel nozzles
US2092519A (en) Vaporizing device
US3032279A (en) Nozzle construction
US3116017A (en) Fuel nozzle
US3215351A (en) Oil burner nozzle
US3632047A (en) Fuel injection nozzle valve
US2751253A (en) Adjustable spray nozzle
US2921742A (en) Fuel nozzles
US2786719A (en) Nozzle