US3044067A - Aerial system having variable directional properties - Google Patents

Aerial system having variable directional properties Download PDF

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Publication number
US3044067A
US3044067A US856247A US85624759A US3044067A US 3044067 A US3044067 A US 3044067A US 856247 A US856247 A US 856247A US 85624759 A US85624759 A US 85624759A US 3044067 A US3044067 A US 3044067A
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aerial
plates
aerial system
primary
reflector
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US856247A
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Butson Peter Charlton
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General Electric Co PLC
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General Electric Co PLC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/12—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems
    • H01Q3/16—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems for varying relative position of primary active element and a reflecting device
    • H01Q3/20—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems for varying relative position of primary active element and a reflecting device wherein the primary active element is fixed and the reflecting device is movable
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/12—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems

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  • the invention is concerned with aerial systems of the kind comprising a primary aerial, such as a horn radiator, in combination with a focussing device for concentrating the electromagnetic waves radiated by the primary aerial in a required direction or directions.
  • the focussing device may, for example, be a paraboloidal reflector or a lens, the primary aerial being located in the region of the focus of the reflector or lens.
  • Such an aerial system in the absence of any other elements, is highly directional and in fact the main lobe of the radiation pattern thereof in each of two planes, which are mutually at right angles and each of which contains the axis of the' reflector or lens, subtends a relatively small angle.
  • Such an aerial system may be considered as being highly directional in each of said two planes.
  • One object of the present invention is to provide an improved aerial system of the kind specified which enables the directional properties of the system in one of said planes to be modified, that is to say selectively rendered less or more directional, without any corresponding change in the directional properties of the system in the other plane.
  • a moveable part which constitutes a screen to electromagnetic waves and which may be brought into a position to lie between said primary aerial and a portion of said focussing device, the arrangement being such that movement of said part enables the directional properties of the system to be moditied in one plane without any corresponding change in the directional properties of the system in another plane in which the aerial system is highly directional and which is at right angles to the previously mentioned plane.
  • the part may be a flat metal plate and preferably two similar parts are provided in like manner, one on either side of the primary aerial, for the purpose of modifying the directional properties of the aerial system in one plane as aforesaid.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a plan view of the aerial system
  • FIGURE 2 shows a side elevation of part of the aerial system of FIGURE 1.
  • the aerial system is arranged to be highly directional in both the vertical and horizontal planes but provision is made, in accordance with the invention, for it to be made less directional in the horizontal plane.
  • the aerial system comprises a primary aerial formed by a horn radiator 1, which terminates a feeder waveguide 2, in combination with a dish-shaped reflector 3.
  • the reflector 3 has a paraboloidal reflecting surface the axis 4 of which is horizontal while the edge of the reflector lies in a vertical plane.
  • the longitudinal axis of .the feeder waveguide 2 at the end thereof that is terminated by the horn radiator 1 is coincident with the axis 4 of the reflector 3 and the horn radiator 1, which points towards the reflector 3, is located in the region of the focus of the reflector 3.
  • the horn radiator 1 acting as a transmitting aerial, radiates a wave which is substantially spherical, that is to say the phase centres in the horizontal plane and in the Patented July 10, 1962 vertical plane which contains the axis 4 are roughly coincident, these phase centres being close to the focus of the reflector 3.
  • the effect of this is that the aerial system, which is quite conventional as so far described, is highly directional in both the horizontal and the vertical planes.
  • FIGURE 2 of the drawing for the purpose of modifying the radiation pattern of the system in, for example, the horizontal plane there are provided two flat metal plates 5 symmetrically disposed on either side of the horn radiator 1.
  • the plates 5 lie in parallel vertical planes and are mounted for rotation about a horizontal axis 6 that is normal to the plates 5.
  • the primary radiation from the horn radiator 1 has to travel between the plates 5 in order to reach the re- Hector 3.
  • the effect of this is to separate the phase centres in the vertical and horizontal planes, the phase centre in the vertical plane remaining substantially unchanged but that in the horizontal plane being moved towards the reflector 3 and so defocussing the beam in that plane.
  • the amount of this defocussing is a function of the ex-' tension of the plates 5 from the horn radiator 1 towards the reflector 3.
  • a secondary eifect of the plates 5 is to reduce the illumination towards the edges of the reflector 3 in the horizontal plane thereby reducing, to some extent, the eflfective area of the reflector 3 and thereby contributing to the beam broadening eifect.
  • the plates 5 By rotating the plates 5 about the axis 6 through from the position considered above (as shown by the broken lines in the drawing), the plates 5 can be withdrawn from the cone of primary illumination of the reflector '3, the plates 5 then having little, if any, efiect on the radiation pattern of the aerial system.
  • the plates 5 may be approximately semicircular in shape and the axis 6 about which they rotate preferably passes through the centres of the complete circles of which the semicircles are halves.
  • the axis 6 may also pass through or near the phase centre of the horn radiator 1 so that a 180 rotation of the plates 5 about the axis 6 does remove the plates 5 from the cone of primary illumination.
  • the two positions of the plates 5 considered above are not the only positions that may be utilised. In fact it is possible to position the plates 5 between these two positions to give any desired angle of radiation on the horizontal plane between limiting angles corresponding to the said two positions of the plates 5.
  • the plates 5 need not, of course, be semicircular and, in order to give a more gradual transition from fan to pencil beam, they may be shaped so as to have a varying radius measured from the axis 6.
  • the plates 5 could be arranged to move longitudinally in directions parallel to the axis 4, or they could be rotated about vertical axes containing the straight sides 7 of the plates 5.
  • this latter arrangement suffers from the disadvantage that, in intermediate positions, some obstruction is caused to the' secondary radiation.
  • the plates 5 could also be rotated about horizontal axes parallel to the axes 4.
  • an aerial system in accordance with the present invention is particularly suitable for picking up electromagnetic Waves and passing them to a radio receiver at a ground station since it enables waves from a distant transmitting station to be received even though the exact position of that distant station is not known.
  • An aerial system according to claim 2 wherein two similar plates are provided in like manner; one on each side of said primary aerial, for the purpose of modifying the directional properties of the system in one plane as aforesaid-.-
  • An aerial system comprising a primary aerial and a focussing device which coacts with said primary aerial, electromagnetic waves radiated by said primary aerial during operation being concentrated by said focussing device in a highly directional radiation pattern including a main lobe which in two planes that are at right angles to one another and each of which contains the axes of the focussing device snbtends a relatively small angle, a pair of identical flat metal plates separate from said primary aerial, means to move said plates into positions which are individually asymmetrical and jointly symmetrical relative to said primary aerial and said fQCIlSSing device so that said plates extend from said primary aerial toward but terminate short, of said focus'sing device and such that portions only of said focussing device are then screened from said 'primary aerial, the planes of "said plates being parallel so that the directional properties of the system are varied in one of said planes but not in the other.

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  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Description

July 10, 1962 P. c. BUTSON 3, 4
AERIAL SYSTEM HAVING VARIABLE DIRECTIONAL PROPERTIES Filed Nov. 50, 1959 Fig. 1
Fig. 2
INVENTJK l T 0 RNEYS United States Patent 3,044,067 AERIAL SYSTEM HAVING VARIABLE DIREtITiONAL PROPERTIES Peter Charlton Butson, Harrow, England, assignor to The Y General Eiectric Iompany Limited, London, England Filed Nov. 30, 1959, Ser. No. 856,247 Claims priority, application Great Britain Dec. 3, 1953 6 Claims. (til. 343-781) This invention relates to aerial systems.
More particularly the invention is concerned with aerial systems of the kind comprising a primary aerial, such as a horn radiator, in combination with a focussing device for concentrating the electromagnetic waves radiated by the primary aerial in a required direction or directions. The focussing device may, for example, be a paraboloidal reflector or a lens, the primary aerial being located in the region of the focus of the reflector or lens. Such an aerial system, in the absence of any other elements, is highly directional and in fact the main lobe of the radiation pattern thereof in each of two planes, which are mutually at right angles and each of which contains the axis of the' reflector or lens, subtends a relatively small angle. Thus such an aerial system may be considered as being highly directional in each of said two planes.
One object of the present invention is to provide an improved aerial system of the kind specified which enables the directional properties of the system in one of said planes to be modified, that is to say selectively rendered less or more directional, without any corresponding change in the directional properties of the system in the other plane.
According to the present invention, in an aerial system of the kind specified there is provided a moveable part which constitutes a screen to electromagnetic waves and which may be brought into a position to lie between said primary aerial and a portion of said focussing device, the arrangement being such that movement of said part enables the directional properties of the system to be moditied in one plane without any corresponding change in the directional properties of the system in another plane in which the aerial system is highly directional and which is at right angles to the previously mentioned plane.
The part may be a flat metal plate and preferably two similar parts are provided in like manner, one on either side of the primary aerial, for the purpose of modifying the directional properties of the aerial system in one plane as aforesaid.
One example of an aerial system which is in accordance with the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawing in which:
FIGURE 1 shows a plan view of the aerial system, and
FIGURE 2 shows a side elevation of part of the aerial system of FIGURE 1.
Referring now to FIGURE 1 of the drawing, the aerial system is arranged to be highly directional in both the vertical and horizontal planes but provision is made, in accordance with the invention, for it to be made less directional in the horizontal plane. The aerial system comprises a primary aerial formed by a horn radiator 1, which terminates a feeder waveguide 2, in combination with a dish-shaped reflector 3. The reflector 3 has a paraboloidal reflecting surface the axis 4 of which is horizontal while the edge of the reflector lies in a vertical plane. The longitudinal axis of .the feeder waveguide 2 at the end thereof that is terminated by the horn radiator 1 is coincident with the axis 4 of the reflector 3 and the horn radiator 1, which points towards the reflector 3, is located in the region of the focus of the reflector 3.
The horn radiator 1, acting as a transmitting aerial, radiates a wave which is substantially spherical, that is to say the phase centres in the horizontal plane and in the Patented July 10, 1962 vertical plane which contains the axis 4 are roughly coincident, these phase centres being close to the focus of the reflector 3. The effect of this is that the aerial system, which is quite conventional as so far described, is highly directional in both the horizontal and the vertical planes.
Referring nOW to FIGURE 2 of the drawing also, for the purpose of modifying the radiation pattern of the system in, for example, the horizontal plane there are provided two flat metal plates 5 symmetrically disposed on either side of the horn radiator 1. The plates 5 lie in parallel vertical planes and are mounted for rotation about a horizontal axis 6 that is normal to the plates 5. In one position of the plates 5 (shown in full lines in the drawing), the primary radiation from the horn radiator 1 has to travel between the plates 5 in order to reach the re- Hector 3. The effect of this is to separate the phase centres in the vertical and horizontal planes, the phase centre in the vertical plane remaining substantially unchanged but that in the horizontal plane being moved towards the reflector 3 and so defocussing the beam in that plane.
The amount of this defocussing is a function of the ex-' tension of the plates 5 from the horn radiator 1 towards the reflector 3.
A secondary eifect of the plates 5 is to reduce the illumination towards the edges of the reflector 3 in the horizontal plane thereby reducing, to some extent, the eflfective area of the reflector 3 and thereby contributing to the beam broadening eifect.
By rotating the plates 5 about the axis 6 through from the position considered above (as shown by the broken lines in the drawing), the plates 5 can be withdrawn from the cone of primary illumination of the reflector '3, the plates 5 then having little, if any, efiect on the radiation pattern of the aerial system.
It will be appreciated that, in both the positions mentioned, the plates 5 have negligible effect on the secondary radiation of the system.
The plates 5 may be approximately semicircular in shape and the axis 6 about which they rotate preferably passes through the centres of the complete circles of which the semicircles are halves. The axis 6 may also pass through or near the phase centre of the horn radiator 1 so that a 180 rotation of the plates 5 about the axis 6 does remove the plates 5 from the cone of primary illumination.
It will be appreciated that the two positions of the plates 5 considered above are not the only positions that may be utilised. In fact it is possible to position the plates 5 between these two positions to give any desired angle of radiation on the horizontal plane between limiting angles corresponding to the said two positions of the plates 5. The plates 5 need not, of course, be semicircular and, in order to give a more gradual transition from fan to pencil beam, they may be shaped so as to have a varying radius measured from the axis 6.
Instead of the plates 5 being mounted for rotation as described above, they could be arranged to move longitudinally in directions parallel to the axis 4, or they could be rotated about vertical axes containing the straight sides 7 of the plates 5. However, this latter arrangement suffers from the disadvantage that, in intermediate positions, some obstruction is caused to the' secondary radiation. The plates 5 could also be rotated about horizontal axes parallel to the axes 4.
Although for convenience a transmitting aerial system is described above, it will be appreciated that the invention is also applicable to receiving systems. In fact an aerial system in accordance with the present invention is particularly suitable for picking up electromagnetic Waves and passing them to a radio receiver at a ground station since it enables waves from a distant transmitting station to be received even though the exact position of that distant station is not known.
I claim:
1. An aerial system comprising a primary aerial and a fo'cussing device positioned in such a relationship to one another that, during operation, electromagnetic waves radiated byfsaid primary aerial are concentrated by said focussing device in a highly directional radiation pattern including a main lobe which in two planes that are at right angles to one another and each of which contains the axis of the =focussingdevice subtends a relatively small angle, a movable part of generally planar form separate from said'prima'ry aerial, and means to bring said movable part into an asymmetrical positionto extend from said primary aerial toward but terminate short of said focussing device and to lie between said primary'aerial and a portion only of said focussing device, the arrangement being such that movement of said -part enables the directional properties of the system to be modified in one of said planes without any corresponding change in the directional properties of thesystein in the other of said planes.
An aerial system according to claim 1 wherein movable part is a flat metal plate.
. 3. An aerial system according to claim 2 wherein two similar plates are provided in like manner; one on each side of said primary aerial, for the purpose of modifying the directional properties of the system in one plane as aforesaid-.-
4-. An aerial system according to-claim 3 wherein the two plates are approximately semi-circular in outline and when in position are arranged with their curved edges directed towards said focussing device.
the
5. An aerial system according to claim 1 wherein the focussing device is a paraboloidal reflector.
6. An aerial system comprising a primary aerial and a focussing device which coacts with said primary aerial, electromagnetic waves radiated by said primary aerial during operation being concentrated by said focussing device in a highly directional radiation pattern including a main lobe which in two planes that are at right angles to one another and each of which contains the axes of the focussing device snbtends a relatively small angle, a pair of identical flat metal plates separate from said primary aerial, means to move said plates into positions which are individually asymmetrical and jointly symmetrical relative to said primary aerial and said fQCIlSSing device so that said plates extend from said primary aerial toward but terminate short, of said focus'sing device and such that portions only of said focussing device are then screened from said 'primary aerial, the planes of "said plates being parallel so that the directional properties of the system are varied in one of said planes but not in the other.
US856247A 1958-12-03 1959-11-30 Aerial system having variable directional properties Expired - Lifetime US3044067A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3501766A (en) * 1965-08-16 1970-03-17 Marconi Co Ltd Variable directivity aerial of the slotted waveguide type
US3832715A (en) * 1971-09-23 1974-08-27 Page Communications Eng Inc Wide angle scanning and multibeam single reflector
US4861124A (en) * 1987-05-13 1989-08-29 Sanders Associates, Inc. Dual-section spatial modulation transmitter

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2570197A (en) * 1949-06-16 1951-10-09 John I Bohnert Dual purpose antenna
US2680810A (en) * 1952-02-12 1954-06-08 Us Army Microwave antenna system
US2721263A (en) * 1945-11-13 1955-10-18 Roy C Spencer Curved throat scan horn for the transmission of electromagnetic energy
GB745038A (en) * 1953-12-31 1956-02-15 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Improvements relating to scanning aerials
US2750588A (en) * 1953-03-26 1956-06-12 Frank L Hennessey Wave guide terminating device

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2721263A (en) * 1945-11-13 1955-10-18 Roy C Spencer Curved throat scan horn for the transmission of electromagnetic energy
US2570197A (en) * 1949-06-16 1951-10-09 John I Bohnert Dual purpose antenna
US2680810A (en) * 1952-02-12 1954-06-08 Us Army Microwave antenna system
US2750588A (en) * 1953-03-26 1956-06-12 Frank L Hennessey Wave guide terminating device
GB745038A (en) * 1953-12-31 1956-02-15 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Improvements relating to scanning aerials

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3501766A (en) * 1965-08-16 1970-03-17 Marconi Co Ltd Variable directivity aerial of the slotted waveguide type
US3832715A (en) * 1971-09-23 1974-08-27 Page Communications Eng Inc Wide angle scanning and multibeam single reflector
US4861124A (en) * 1987-05-13 1989-08-29 Sanders Associates, Inc. Dual-section spatial modulation transmitter

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