US3033177A - Vapor generating and superheating unit - Google Patents

Vapor generating and superheating unit Download PDF

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Publication number
US3033177A
US3033177A US595163A US59516356A US3033177A US 3033177 A US3033177 A US 3033177A US 595163 A US595163 A US 595163A US 59516356 A US59516356 A US 59516356A US 3033177 A US3033177 A US 3033177A
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Prior art keywords
furnace
walls
gas
chamber
combustion
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Expired - Lifetime
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US595163A
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English (en)
Inventor
Paul H Koch
Arthur J Hughes
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Babcock and Wilcox Co
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Babcock and Wilcox Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL283084D priority Critical patent/NL283084A/xx
Priority to BE558897D priority patent/BE558897A/xx
Priority to NL218615D priority patent/NL218615A/xx
Priority to NL123480D priority patent/NL123480C/xx
Priority to NL112155D priority patent/NL112155C/xx
Priority to US595163A priority patent/US3033177A/en
Application filed by Babcock and Wilcox Co filed Critical Babcock and Wilcox Co
Priority to DED25870A priority patent/DE1093942B/de
Priority to FR1182329D priority patent/FR1182329A/fr
Priority to GB35816/58A priority patent/GB862184A/en
Priority to GB20722/57A priority patent/GB862183A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3033177A publication Critical patent/US3033177A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G5/00—Controlling superheat temperature
    • F22G5/02—Applications of combustion-control devices, e.g. tangential-firing burners, tilting burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B29/06—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B29/06—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes
    • F22B29/10—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes operating with sliding point of final state of complete evaporation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/04—Heat supply by installation of two or more combustion apparatus, e.g. of separate combustion apparatus for the boiler and the superheater respectively
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/24—Supporting, suspending, or setting arrangements, e.g. heat shielding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G1/00—Steam superheating characterised by heating method
    • F22G1/16—Steam superheating characterised by heating method by using a separate heat source independent from heat supply of the steam boiler, e.g. by electricity, by auxiliary combustion of fuel oil
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/08—Cooling thereof; Tube walls

Definitions

  • This invention relates in general to vapor generating units, and, more particularly, to forced flow oncethrough steam generating units.
  • the present invention provides a commercial size forced circulation once-through vapor generating unit characterized by the transition zone and initial superheating. in the radiantly heated enclosure walls of the setting and provides a means for introducing recirculated gas into the furnace chamber of the unit to maintain a relatively low heat input rate to the transition zone.
  • the invention provides a steam generating unit having a furnace chamber arrangement having an upper and lower portion, ,where slag forming fuel is burned in the lower portion wherein the majority of the'ash' is collectedas molten slag and is discharged;
  • the upper furnace portion is divergently expanded from the lower portion in a symmetrical manner to provide a chamber for reducing the temperature of the gases and collect slag in a dry form prior to'the gas entry into a superjacent convection'chamber within the setting.
  • the invention contemplates an arrangement of cyclone type furnaces arranged on opposite sides of the furnace to discharge into an unobstructed small volume slag collecting chamber and gas recirculation means arranged to discharge cool recirculated products of combustion at theexit from said small volume furnace to'control the resulting furnace gas temperature, such that predominantly all the slag in said furnace gases has solidified prior to entry into .theconvection passes.
  • tubular fluid heated supports for carrying a portion of the loading of the setting from upper structural support members.
  • FIG. 1' is a partial diagrammatic sectional elevation of a forced circulation once-through steam generator for operation at supercritical pressure in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a partially diagrammatic plan section taken on the line 22 of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a partial plan section (with a portion broken away) of the gas recirculation arrangement taken on the line 33 of FIG. 1. 4
  • FIG. 4 is a plan section taken on the line 4-4 of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic representation of the vaporizable fluid flow arrangement within the steam generator of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 6 is a partial vertical section of the details of the cyclone furnace supports.
  • FIG. 7 is a fragmentary view on an enlarged scale showing the manner of using the tubular supports of
  • This particular unit is designed for a maximum continuous steam flow of 2,900,000 lbs. per hour at a pressure of 3625 p.s.i.g. and a total steam temperature of 1050 F. at the superheater outlet based on feed water being supplied at 4500 p.s.i.g. and with coal firing.
  • the unit includes two steam reheaters, one to raise the temperature of 2,5 30,000 lbs. of steam per hour at 1,300 p.s.i.g. from 787 F. to 1050 F. and the second to raise 1,980,000 lbs. of steam per hour at 330 p.s.i.g. from 750 F. to 1050 F.
  • FIG. 1 With particular reference to FIG. 1 there is shown a vertically extending-setting of rectangular cross section providing a furnace chamber A and asuperjacentconvection gas cooling chamber B.
  • the setting is completely lined with fluid heating tubes from the lowermost portion ofA to the uppermost walls of B;
  • the unit isarranged with eight cyclone furnaces 10' which are independently fired by crushed or granulated coal and are of the general character of U.S. Patent No. 2,357,301.
  • Four of the cyclones are arranged to separately discharge combustion products and molten slag throughthe wall 12. into a small volume portion 14 of the furnace chamber A.
  • the other four cyclones are oppositely arranged to separately discharge combustion products and molten slag into the portion 14 of the furnace chamber A through the opposite wall 16.
  • End walls 18 and 20 bound the setting from top to bottom, each in a single vertical plane.
  • the walls 12, 16, 18 and 20' form a small volume furnace 14 having slag discharge openings 21 in the lower portion thereof to discharge molten slag received from the cyclones 10 into a lower slag tank 21a.
  • the lower portion furnace chamber walls 12, 16, 18 and 20 are shown diagrammatically but, in practice, they include a multiplicity of. small diameter fluid heating tubes covered by refractory to reduce the heat input thereto and to maintain the temperature. in the cyclonesand in V wardly uniformly and symmetrically to present sloping walls 22, 23 and thence rise vertically upward as enclosure walls 24, 25 which in conjunction with end walls 18 and 20 form the enclosure walls of the setting including the upper furnace portion 26.
  • the convection chamber B is separated from the upper furnace portion 26 by the tube screens 27 and 27a and which are formed by certain tubes taken from walls 24 and 25. These tubes rise vertically upward in spaced relationship to support a secondary superheater 28 which spans the entire setting width in the lower portion of the convection chamber B. Above the superheater 28 the vertical tubes form fluid tight baffles 29 and 29a to define three parallel gas passes 30, 31 and 32.
  • a primary superheater 35 of the unit is arranged in the pass 32 while the first reheater 36 is arranged in the central pass 31 and the second reheater 37 is arranged in the pass 30.
  • Gas dampers 41, 42, and 43 individually control the gas flow rate in each of the gas passes 30, 31 and 32, respectively.
  • a gas breeching 44 arranged to direct the gas upwardly through the air heater 45 and thence through the precipitator 46 to the stack (not shown).
  • a gas recirculation fan 47 is arranged to remove a portion of the gas from the breeching 44 via a duct 48 and to discharge the gases into supply ducts 49 and 49a (FIG. 4) which are on the opposite end walls 13 and 2d of the setting.
  • the gases pass downwardly and into dis tributing chambers 50 and 51 which run the full width of the setting above the cyclone furnaces and are arranged to receive gas from the supply ducts 49 and 49a.
  • a multiplicity of gas openings or nozzles (preferably dampered) 52 are in the opposite parallel walls 12 and 16 and are uniformly distributed across the entire width thereof to provide recirculated gas arrangements which mixes recirculated gas with the combustion products from the lower portion 14 of the furnace.
  • the gas recirculation rate in the unit at maximum continuous rating is approximately 40 percent of the gases generated by the combustion of the fuel.
  • the recirculated gas effects a lower heat input rate to the furnace walls 18, 20, 24 and 25 of the upper portion of the furnace A.
  • Combustion air for the cyclone furnaces is supplied by the forced draft fan 53 through the air heater 45 and down the individual supply ducts 54 which are symmetrically arranged along the length of the setting and which supply each cyclone individually.
  • a venturi section 55 arranged to meter the air for the control of combustion. Adjacent the air ducts a portion of the coal hoppers 56 are shown and arranged to supply crushed coal to the cyclones 10.
  • the steam generator setting is supported by structural steel members having upright members 57, upper cross beam 58 and lower cross beam 59. These structural members are of suflicient size and strength to top support the entire load of the steam generator. A portion of the load of the steam generator is supported by a multiplicity of tubular fluid heated support tubes 6% which are connected to upper cross beam 59 and extend downwardly to carry the load of a plurality of lower cross beams 61. These tubular supports 60 and cross beams 59 and 61 are arranged in such a manner that there is a multiplicity of these beams located at spaced positions across the width of the unit. The tubular elements are connected at top and bottom to the headers 62, 63 and It is divided into three sections 64. This support arrangement will be more completely described hereinafter.
  • relatively coarse crushed coal is independently and controllably delivered to the separate cyclone furnaces 10 wherein the fuel is burned by being whirled about therein in the presence of combustion air.
  • the resultant burning yields the high heat release rates sufficient to maintain a normal means temperature therein above the ash fusion temperature of the fuel.
  • the ash separates as molten slag from the combustion gases and flows along the bottom of each cyclone furnace into the lower furnace portion 14 and is discharged through the slag openings 21 therein.
  • the combustion products are discharged from the outlet of the cyclone furnace into the unobstructed lower furnace portion 14 whence the gases pass upwardly towards the upper furnace.
  • the spacings between the opposite parallel walls 12 and 16 is wide enough to prevent the combustion products issuing from the cyclone furnaces on one side from carrying over into the cyclone furnaces on the opposite side and an upward velocity is maintained in the lower furnace portion 14 which limits the quantity of slag that is carried into the upper furnace.
  • the entire surface area of the lower furnace chamber 14 is cooled by fluid cooled tubular members covered with refractory to reduce the heat input thereto and to maintain temperatures in the lower furnace portion above the ash fusion temperature so that the molten slag will freely flow out of the slag outlet 21 and into the slag collection chamber 21a. This refractory terminates at a position adjacent the lower end of the gas distributing chambers 50 and 51.
  • the upper furnace chamber portion 26 and the convection chamber B at the top of the setting are cooled by bare tubular members closely spaced and arranged to present percent fluid cooled surface to the flowing gases.
  • recirculated gas from ducts 50 and 51 is injected into the flowing combustion products at a velocity suflicient to cause good mixing upon the subsequent gas expansion caused by the outwardly diverging furnace walls 22 and 23.
  • This expansion process occurs abruptly and changes the velocity into gas turbulence to thus mix the cool recirculated gas products within the hot combustion products.
  • This mixing provides a gas mixture which enters the convection chamber B uniformly mixed and at a controlled temperature depending upon the rate of recirculated gas products.
  • the mixed gases are cooled by radiant heat transmission to the walls, and any slag products contained therein solidify and tend to drop on to the walls, due to cooling and/ or turbulence, where the ash is collected in a dry form.
  • the gas leaves the furnace chamber A and passes into the convection chamber B where it passes first over the secondary superheater 28 and subsequently is divided into three controlled streams through the individual passes 30, 31, 32 wherein it simultaneously heats the first reheater 36, the second reheater 37 and the primary superheater 35.
  • Each of the three parallel flow streams is controlled by dampers 41, 42, and 43 which proportion the heat absorption of the reheaters and superheaters as required by the prime mover (not shown).
  • the gas then passes upwardly through the air heater 45 and precipitator 46 to the stack and a portion of the gas is drawn off by the gas recirculation system for further delivery to the furnace as previously described.
  • the flow of the vaporizable fluid can best be seen.
  • Water is supplied to the economizer by a feed pump 65 at a pressure of approximately 4500 p.s.i.g. wherein it flows therethrough to become partially heated and cools the gases leaving the setting to an economically low value.
  • the water passes from the economizer to the wall tubes of the cyclone furnaces wherein it is further heated before being passed to the lower water walls.
  • the lower water walls diagrammatically depict the walls of the lower furnace portion 14.
  • the fluid then passes from the radiant lower water walls of the portion 14 into the lower enclosure wall portions which diagrammatically depict the cooling arrangement of the upper portion 26 of the furnace chamber A.
  • the recirculated tempering gas enters the furnace at the juncture of the lower water walls of the furnace portion 14 and the lower enclosure Walls of the upper furnace portion 26.
  • the recirculated gas reduces the temperature of the combustion gases and results in a lower heat input to the enclosure walls where transition occurs.
  • the fluid passes through the transition zone in the lower enclosure walls and, upon reaching the outlet of the lower enclosure walls has already been converted into steam. Thence the steam passes to the support tubes 60 which support a portion of the setting, and after passing through the support tubes the steam is brought back into the boiler setting and passes back into the upper enclosure walls (which line the convection chamber B) before entering a mixing header.
  • the fluid from all of the parallel streams comprising each of the enclosure wall sections is mixed to assure a uniform temperature and then is passed to a primary superheater.
  • a primary superheater After leaving the primary superheater the steam passes through a spray attemperator (preferably of the type shown in the U.S. Patent No. 2,550,683 to Fletcher et a1.) wherein the steam temperature is limited to a predetermined value to assure that a maximum outlet temperature is not exceeded from the secondary superheater.
  • the fluid passes through the secondary superheater to an outlet header 66 before passing to a point in use.
  • each portion is shown as a single line.
  • each section comprises a multiplicity of parallel flow tubular elements arranged in groups.
  • the entire setting of the steam generating. unit is enclosed by fluid cooled tubular sections which are arranged in a plurality of adjacent sections from the top to the bottom of the unit. Each of these sections horizontally divides the setting. Thus one section will be on all four walls of the setting at one level and each section comprises a multiplicity of small diameter parallel flowing tubes. Each section is connected to the lower and upper sections for serial flow therethrough, as shown in FIG. 5. Also the connections of the wall cooling sections are such that the cooling fluid rises in temperature as it passes from the lower portion of the setting tothe uppermost section.- Accordingly, the transition zone occurs inthe enclosure walls of the setting and under normal full load operation occurs in the cooling sections that bound the upper portion 26'of the furnace chamber A. It may be further seen that the position of take-off for the tubular support tubes is shown at the connections between two adjacent cooling wall sections. However, the position and consequently the fluid temperature at which the supply to the tubular supports is taken may be varied as hereinafter described.
  • the control of the steam generation rate of the unit decrioed may be any of the well known types of control.
  • the transition zone may be kept at a constant position in the unit.
  • steam temperature control will be maintained by varying the gas recirculation rate and/ or spray attemperation rate, or steam temperature control maybe maintained by varying the feed rate in direct proportion to 6 the load by allowing the transition zone tomOVe-Withthe load while using gas recirculation to regulate the sla conditions within the furnace.
  • FIGS; 6 and 7 With special reference to FIGS; 6 and 7there is'shown the apparatus for supporting a portion of the setting by utilizing tension in the tubular supports 60.
  • An outer footing 30 of the cyclone and an inner footing 81 are each supported on a ball bearing supportSZ-which is arranged to transmit the load directly therethrough without a friction load due to transversemovement of thesetting resulting from thermal expansion.
  • the bearings are rigidly mounted on the lower cross beam 61. Thereby, the loads are directly carried by the cross beam 61.
  • a collar 83 is rigidly welded to the tubular member 60.
  • a slideable collar or yoke 84- is loosely placed around the tubular member 60 above the collar 83 and is rigidly'attached to the cross beam member 61.
  • the support arrangement is arranged so that the tubular members carry the load of the cross beam when the downward movement of the cross beam 61 is greater than the downward move.- ment of the tubular member 60.
  • the tubular members 60' contain the fluid at a temperature which is near to the mean temperature for expansionof the entire setting. so that the downward expansion of'the setting is approximately equal to the downward expansion of the tubular elements.
  • the temperature range found most useful is 600 to 800 F. as the average unittemperature is usually in that range.
  • steam just after its transition in the lower enclosure walls of' the furnace portion 26 is passed through the supports.
  • the fluid enters header 62, flows upwardly in alternate tubes and intothe upper header 63.
  • the fluid then passes downwardly in the remaining alternate tubes into the lower outlet header 64 for further passage back to the upper enclosure walls.
  • This arrangement considerably simplifies the support problem of the unit because there does not have to be any provision for absorbing the entire expansion of the unit at operating temperature in the connections to cool supports.
  • the supports grow atthe same rate as the unit which it supports and this considerably reduces the problem of making connections because much less allowance and differential thermal expansion must be arranged-
  • the present invention provides a furnace arrangement wherein fuel may be fired above its ash fusion temperature and molten slag collected therefrom in a lower portion of a vertically extending, furnace and recirculated products of combustion may be mixedwiththe hot combustion products then expanded, into a. large radiant chamber lined with bare wall cooling.
  • furnacechamber and gas recirculation arrangement provides an. extremely simple and uncomplicated structure wherein uniformly mixed gases aredelive'redfto the" convection portion of the. vapor generator.
  • a common unobstructed chamber comprising tubular fluid cooled Walls forming a vertically extending setting of rectangular cross-section providing a furnace chamber and a superjacent convection gas cooling chamber receiving combustion gases flowing upward from said furnace, said furnace chamber having a small volume unobstructed lower portion arranged for the collection of molten slag and a large upper radiant portion arranged with bare metal walls for the cooling of molten slag to dry ash, said furnace walls having a pair of upright fluid cooled parallel opposing walls in said lower portion which diverge upwardly and then run vertical and parallel to form in part a large symmetrical shaped radiant upper portion of said furnace, combustion means providing to said lower portion high temperature products of combustion from slag forming fuel, means introducing low temperature gaseous products of combustion which are taken from a point in said convection cooling chamber into said furnace adjacent the juncture of said lower and upper portions, said fluid
  • a forced circulation once-through vapor generator comprising tubular fluid cooled walls forming a vertically extending setting of rectangular cross-section providing a furnace chamber and a superjacent convection gas cooling chamber receiving combustion gases flowing upward from said furnace, said furnace chamber having a small volume unobstructed lower portion arranged for the collection of molten slag and a large upper radiant portion arranged with bare metal walls for the cooling of molten slag to dry ash, said furnace walls having a pair of upright fluid cooled parallel opposing walls in said lower portion which diverge upwardly and then run vertical and parallel to form in part a large symmetrical shaped radiant upper portion of said furnace, combustion means providing to said lower portion high temperature products of combustion from slag forming fuel, said combustion means including a plurality of fluid cooled cyclone furnaces arranged on opposite sides of said furnace chamber to separately discharge combustion gases and molten slag through said parallel opposite walls into said lower portion, certain tubes from one pair opposing walls extending inwardly and then upwardly to divide said convection gas
  • a forced circulation once-through vapor generator comprising tubular fluid cooled walls forming a vertically extending setting of rectangular cross-section pro viding a furnace chamber and a superjacent convection gas cooling chamber receiving combustion gases flowing upward from said furnace, combustion means including a plurality of fluid cooled cyclone furnaces arranged on opposite sides of said furnace chamber to separately discharge combustion gases and molten slag into said lower portion, structural members for top supporting said setting including a plurality of fluid heated vertical tubular support members arranged at spaced positions along the setting to carry in tension a portion of the support load of said setting, a cross beam passing under said cyclone furnaces, ball bearing means on said beam to frictionlessly support said cyclone furnaces, means on said tubular supports for carrying a down loading only of said beam, and means for passing the vaporizable fluid from said setting through said supports at a temperature near that of the average temperature of said setting.
  • a vapor generating unit comprising fluid cooled walls forming a vertically elongated furnace chamber having a small volume unobstructed lower portion arranged for the collection of molten slag and a large upper radiant portion arranged for the cooling of molten slag to dry ash, said furnace walls having a pair of upright fluid cooled parallel opposing walls in said lower portion which diverge upwardly and then run vertical and parallel to form in a part a large symmetrical shaped radiant upper portion of said furnace above the centrally arranged small volume lower portion with the juncture of said lower and upper portions providing an abrupt change in flow area and attendant rapid decrease in gas velocity in said upper portion, combustion means providing to said lower portion high temperature products of combustion from slag forming fuel, said combustion means including a plurality of fluid cooled cyclone furnaces arranged with their central axes substantially horizontal on opposite sides of said furnace chamber to separately discharge combustion gases and molten slag through said parallel opposite walls into said lower portion, and means introducing low temperature gaseous products of combustion which are taken
  • a vapor generating and heating unit adapted to burn a slag producing fuel comprising a setting having front, rear and side fluid cooled walls, said walls enclosing a radiant section and a vertical superposed convection heating section having vapor heating means disposed therein, said radiation section having a lower primary radiation chamber and a superposed enlarged secondary radiation chamber, said front and rear fluid cooled walls adjacent the upper portion of said primary radiation chamber diverging outwardly to form an unobstructed transition section between the upper and lower chambers, a plurality of laterally extending and spaced apart cyclone furnaces disposed in the front and rear walls of said primary radiation chamber, said cyclone furnaces arranged to discharge hot gaseous products of combustion directly into said primary radiation chamber so that gas distribution across the setting is enhanced, said setting being arranged to flow said uniformly distributed gases upwardly therethrough, and means for withdrawing lower temperature heating gas from a position remote from said radiation section and recirculating the same through said radiation section, said gas being introduced into said section below said transition section whereby the re
  • a fluid heating unit having a fluid circulation system; walls including fluid heating tubes connected into said system forming an upright gas flow chamber; a cyclone furnace connected to said chamber and supplying high temperature heating gases thereto; means for top supporting said unit comprising means for top supporting said walls, and means for carrying the weight of said cyclone furnace including a support beam disposed thereunder, roll type bearing means on said beam for transmitting the load of said cyclone furnace to said beam and permitting relative horizontal movement between said beam and cyclone furnace, upright tubular support means, means for transmitting the load of and securing said beam to said tubular support means, means for top supporting said upright tubular support means, and means for passing fluid through said tubular support means at a temperature near to that of the average temperature of said fluid heating tubes.
  • a vapor generating unit comprising fluid cooled walls forming a vertically elongated furnace chamber having a small volume unobstructed lower portion arranged for the collection of molten slag and a large upper radiant portion arranged for the cooling of molten slag to dry ash, said furnace walls having a pair of upright fluid cooled parallel opposing walls in said lower portion which diverge upwardly and then run vertical and parallel to form in part a large symmetrical shaped radiant upper portion of said furnace above the centrally arranged small volume lower portion with the juncture of said lower and upper portions providing an abrupt change in flow area and attendant rapid decrease in gas velocity in said upper portion, combustion means providing to said lower portion high temperature products of combustion from slag forming fuel, said combustion means including firing means arranged on opposite sides of said furnace chamber, and means introducing low temperature gaseous products of combustion which are taken from a point in the vapor generator remote from said furnace into the lower portion of said furnace adjacent the juncture of said lower and upper portions to provide rapid mixing of the low temperature gases with
  • a vapor generating unit comprising walls including radiant heat absorbing fluid cooled tubes forming an upright substantially unobstructed furnace, said furnace having a small volume lower portion of substantially uniform horizontal cross-sectional area throughout its height, a large upper portion above said lower portion, and an intermediate portion of substantial height and of continuously increasing horizontal cross-sectional area in the direction of said upper portion opening at its opposite ends to said lower and upper portions, firing means disposed on at least one of the walls of the lower portion of said furnace and directly supplying to said lower furnace portion high temperature products of combustion from slag-forming fuel, a slag outlet from said lower furnace portion, gas recirculation means constructed and arranged to conduct heating gases from a position downstream gas-wise of said furnace to the lower portion of said furnace at a position adjacent the juncture of said lower and intermediate furnace portions for mixing with the freshly generated products of combustion, said intermediate furnace portion being proportioned and arranged and of a height sufficient to provide an abrupt decrease in gas flow velocity between the lower and upper ends thereof, rapid and intimate mixing of the recirculated gases

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
US595163A 1956-07-02 1956-07-02 Vapor generating and superheating unit Expired - Lifetime US3033177A (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE558897D BE558897A (de) 1956-07-02
NL218615D NL218615A (de) 1956-07-02
NL123480D NL123480C (de) 1956-07-02
NL112155D NL112155C (de) 1956-07-02
NL283084D NL283084A (de) 1956-07-02
US595163A US3033177A (en) 1956-07-02 1956-07-02 Vapor generating and superheating unit
DED25870A DE1093942B (de) 1956-07-02 1957-06-27 Strahlungsdampferzeuger
FR1182329D FR1182329A (fr) 1956-07-02 1957-07-01 Perfectionnements aux groupes tubulaires d'évaporation et de surchauffe de vapeur
GB35816/58A GB862184A (en) 1956-07-02 1957-07-01 Improvements in tubulous vapour generating and super-heating units
GB20722/57A GB862183A (en) 1956-07-02 1957-07-01 Improvements in tubulous vapour generating and superheating units

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US595163A US3033177A (en) 1956-07-02 1956-07-02 Vapor generating and superheating unit

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US3033177A true US3033177A (en) 1962-05-08

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US595163A Expired - Lifetime US3033177A (en) 1956-07-02 1956-07-02 Vapor generating and superheating unit

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US (1) US3033177A (de)
BE (1) BE558897A (de)
DE (1) DE1093942B (de)
FR (1) FR1182329A (de)
GB (2) GB862183A (de)
NL (4) NL112155C (de)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3146763A (en) * 1962-01-15 1964-09-01 Riley Stoker Corp Steam generating unit
US3320934A (en) * 1965-04-05 1967-05-23 Babcock & Wilcox Co Vapor generator
US3368534A (en) * 1964-05-27 1968-02-13 Foster Wheeler Corp Multiple pass design for once-through steam generators
US3604400A (en) * 1969-09-26 1971-09-14 Sulzer Ag Steam generator and other heated heat transmitters
US3612003A (en) * 1968-06-26 1971-10-12 Sulzer Ag Forced through flow steam generator
FR2574158A1 (fr) * 1984-11-30 1986-06-06 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Chaudiere a rechauffeurs et superchauffeurs
EP0192044A1 (de) * 1985-02-20 1986-08-27 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Kessel mit hinterem Rauchgaszug
US20110214593A1 (en) * 2010-03-05 2011-09-08 Prabir Kumar Roychoudhury Eco-friendly system and process for generating thermal energy from waste biomass
US9593563B2 (en) 2011-10-05 2017-03-14 Statoil Petroleum As Method and apparatus for generating steam for the recovery of hydrocarbon

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FR1065655A (fr) * 1951-08-23 1954-05-28 Babcock & Wilcox France Procédé pour régler le surchauffage et le réchauffage de la vapeur et chaudière faisant application de ce procédé
FR1068954A (fr) * 1951-10-08 1954-07-02 Babcock & Wilcox France Procédé d'évaporation et de surchauffe et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé
GB726244A (en) * 1952-03-27 1955-03-16 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Improvements in tubulous vapour generating and vapour heating units and the operation thereof
GB727218A (en) * 1952-08-13 1955-03-30 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Improvements in slag-tap furnaces for tubulous vapour generators
US2730080A (en) * 1950-12-06 1956-01-10 Babcock & Wilcox Co Vapor generating installation, including a cyclone furnace
US2774339A (en) * 1953-03-31 1956-12-18 Babcock & Wilcox Co Fluid heater furnace
US2815007A (en) * 1951-12-12 1957-12-03 Babcock & Wilcox Co Synthesis gas generator
US2842105A (en) * 1955-07-20 1958-07-08 Babcock & Wilcox Co Cyclone fired vapor generating unit with downcomer support for the cyclone furnace

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GB523871A (en) * 1939-01-17 1940-07-24 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Improvements in or relating to steam or other vapour generators having associated therewith independently fired reheaters or/and superheaters
FR1060042A (fr) * 1951-05-07 1954-03-30 Babcock & Wilcox France Perfectionnements aux dispositifs de combustion de charbon pulvérisé
FR1107984A (fr) * 1953-06-26 1956-01-06 Babcock & Wilcox France Perfectionnements aux groupes d'évaporation à passage unique et à circulation forcée

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US1634084A (en) * 1922-10-25 1927-06-28 Vaporackumulator Ab Support
GB523870A (en) * 1939-01-17 1940-07-24 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Improvements in or relating to steam or other vapour generators comprising superheaters
US2628598A (en) * 1948-10-25 1953-02-17 Comb Eng Superheater Inc Steam generator
US2730080A (en) * 1950-12-06 1956-01-10 Babcock & Wilcox Co Vapor generating installation, including a cyclone furnace
FR1065655A (fr) * 1951-08-23 1954-05-28 Babcock & Wilcox France Procédé pour régler le surchauffage et le réchauffage de la vapeur et chaudière faisant application de ce procédé
FR1068954A (fr) * 1951-10-08 1954-07-02 Babcock & Wilcox France Procédé d'évaporation et de surchauffe et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé
US2815007A (en) * 1951-12-12 1957-12-03 Babcock & Wilcox Co Synthesis gas generator
GB726244A (en) * 1952-03-27 1955-03-16 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Improvements in tubulous vapour generating and vapour heating units and the operation thereof
GB727218A (en) * 1952-08-13 1955-03-30 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Improvements in slag-tap furnaces for tubulous vapour generators
US2774339A (en) * 1953-03-31 1956-12-18 Babcock & Wilcox Co Fluid heater furnace
US2842105A (en) * 1955-07-20 1958-07-08 Babcock & Wilcox Co Cyclone fired vapor generating unit with downcomer support for the cyclone furnace

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3146763A (en) * 1962-01-15 1964-09-01 Riley Stoker Corp Steam generating unit
US3368534A (en) * 1964-05-27 1968-02-13 Foster Wheeler Corp Multiple pass design for once-through steam generators
US3320934A (en) * 1965-04-05 1967-05-23 Babcock & Wilcox Co Vapor generator
US3612003A (en) * 1968-06-26 1971-10-12 Sulzer Ag Forced through flow steam generator
US3604400A (en) * 1969-09-26 1971-09-14 Sulzer Ag Steam generator and other heated heat transmitters
FR2574158A1 (fr) * 1984-11-30 1986-06-06 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Chaudiere a rechauffeurs et superchauffeurs
EP0192044A1 (de) * 1985-02-20 1986-08-27 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Kessel mit hinterem Rauchgaszug
US4754725A (en) * 1985-02-20 1988-07-05 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Supercritical sliding pressure operation boiler with rear gas duct
US20110214593A1 (en) * 2010-03-05 2011-09-08 Prabir Kumar Roychoudhury Eco-friendly system and process for generating thermal energy from waste biomass
US9593563B2 (en) 2011-10-05 2017-03-14 Statoil Petroleum As Method and apparatus for generating steam for the recovery of hydrocarbon

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1093942B (de) 1960-12-01
GB862183A (en) 1961-03-01
BE558897A (de)
FR1182329A (fr) 1959-06-24
NL123480C (de)
NL218615A (de)
NL283084A (de)
NL112155C (de)
GB862184A (en) 1961-03-01

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