US301929A - Aethue smith - Google Patents
Aethue smith Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US301929A US301929A US301929DA US301929A US 301929 A US301929 A US 301929A US 301929D A US301929D A US 301929DA US 301929 A US301929 A US 301929A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- smith
- aethue
- fucusol
- furfurol
- rods
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N HCl Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N HF Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001800 Shellac Polymers 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Inorganic materials [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium sulfate hemihydrate Chemical compound O.[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011507 gypsum plaster Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atoms Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004540 pour-on Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004208 shellac Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940113147 shellac Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000013874 shellac Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010454 slate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
- C04B35/528—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite obtained from carbonaceous particles with or without other non-organic components
- C04B35/532—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite obtained from carbonaceous particles with or without other non-organic components containing a carbonisable binder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
Definitions
- My invention relates to the production of carbons for electric lamps in the form of filaments of high resistance for incandescent lamps, or of rods for are lamps.
- the excess of moisture is removed by blotting-paper, and the adhering sheet is cut into strips of any required width by a sharp knife.
- a number of the strips may be bent together round a glass tube, with their ends secured by two threads passed outside and inside the tube longitudinally.
- the strips thus bent form elastic rings of carbon.
- the filaments when removed from the molds or the glass tube, are subjected to a high heat in closely-covered crucibles surrounded with carbon powder, or inporcelain tubes partly filled with carbon powder, through which a current of coal-gas is passed during the process.
- I pour on the glass plate a mixture of about three parts of furfurol or fucusol, with one part of commercial vitriol ofspecific gravity about 1.84, (one, decimal, eighty-four,) and when the material is set I treat it as before described.
- the electrical resistance of the filaments may be varied by mixing about two and a half (25-) per cent. of lamp-black with the furfurol or fucusol before treatment.
- the molded or impregnated rods are then subjected to an atmosphere of hydrochloric-acid gas in vessels or tanks. which may be madeof wood or slate saturated. with paraffine. After remaining from twelve to twenty-four hours exposed to the gas, they are removed, and, if necessary,
- Such cracks as may appear in the rods may be fillcd witha paste of carbon and furfurol or fucusol.
- the rods are finished, as usual, by,highly heat- 7 ing them in close vessels, in which they are covered with charcoal-powder.
- hydrochloricacid gas as the reagent employed, other hydrogen acids such as hydrofluoric, hydriodic, or hydrobromic acid-may be employed; but these aremore expensive and less convenient .in use.
- Furfurol (O,H,,O,) is a volatile oil obtained when wheat-bran, sawdust, madder-root, or
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Description
. cool.
NITED' v STATES PATENT @rrron.
ARTHUR SMITH, OF BROGKLEY, COUNTY OF KENT,- ENGLAND.
MANUFACTURE OF CARBONS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHTS.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 301,929, dated July 15, 1884.
\ Application filed February 6, 1884. (No specimens.) Patented in England March 27, 1882, No. 1,465; in France September 22, 1882,
No. 151,232; in Belgium September 27, 1882, No. 59,129, and in Germany September 27, 1882, No. 23,732.
. No. 1,465; France, dated September 22, 1882,
No. 151,232; Belgium, dated September 27, 1882, No. 59,129; Germany, dated September 27, 1882, No. 23,732,) and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertai-ns to make and use the same.
My invention relates to the production of carbons for electric lamps in the form of filaments of high resistance for incandescent lamps, or of rods for are lamps.
For producing filaments I pass through the liquid furfurol or fucusol hydrochloric-acid gas in excess, taking care to keep the liquid The reaction produces a'black liquid, which I inclose between two glass plates kept apart at a distance equivalent to the desired thickness of filament, for which purpose pieces of wire or thread of equivalent diameter may be interposed between the plates. After the material has thoroughly set, which requires fromeight to twelve hours, I carefully wedge the plates apart, and place that to which the film adheres in cold water for about half an hour, in which time the sheet of carbon will detach itself. This sheet is then floated onto a fiat surface of woodor cardboard, which may be cemented on a sheet of plate-glass by shellac varnish. The excess of moisture is removed by blotting-paper, and the adhering sheet is cut into strips of any required width by a sharp knife. I bend these strips between molds, of horseshoe or other suitable form, made of plaster-of-paris, and'expose them to a temperature of two hundred and twelve degrees (212) Fahrenheit. A number of the strips may be bent together round a glass tube, with their ends secured by two threads passed outside and inside the tube longitudinally. The strips thus bent form elastic rings of carbon. The filaments, when removed from the molds or the glass tube, are subjected to a high heat in closely-covered crucibles surrounded with carbon powder, or inporcelain tubes partly filled with carbon powder, through which a current of coal-gas is passed during the process. According to another method, I pour on the glass plate a mixture of about three parts of furfurol or fucusol, with one part of commercial vitriol ofspecific gravity about 1.84, (one, decimal, eighty-four,) and when the material is set I treat it as before described. The electrical resistance of the filaments may be varied by mixing about two and a half (25-) per cent. of lamp-black with the furfurol or fucusol before treatment.
For producing carbon rods for SJCIEUHPS, I mix lamp-black or any finely-divided carbon with about sixty or seventy per cent. of furfurol or fucusol and subject the mixture to compression in slightly-tapered molds, or force the pasty mass through a die; or, according to another method, dry lamp-black may be strongly compressed into molds, so as to form rods, which, on being dipped for a moment in a bath of furfurol or fucusol, become thoroughlyimpregnated therewith. The molded or impregnated rods are then subjected to an atmosphere of hydrochloric-acid gas in vessels or tanks. which may be madeof wood or slate saturated. with paraffine. After remaining from twelve to twenty-four hours exposed to the gas, they are removed, and, if necessary,
they may be saturated by being dipped a second time into thefurfurol or fucusol, and again exposed to the acid gas. Such cracks as may appear in the rods may be fillcd witha paste of carbon and furfurol or fucusol.
The rods are finished, as usual, by,highly heat- 7 ing them in close vessels, in which they are covered with charcoal-powder. Although I have mentioned hydrochloricacid gas as the reagent employed, other hydrogen acidssuch as hydrofluoric, hydriodic, or hydrobromic acid-may be employed; but these aremore expensive and less convenient .in use.
Furfurol (O,H,,O,) is a volatile oil obtained when wheat-bran, sawdust, madder-root, or
other substance is acted on by dilute sulphuric acid with repeated distillations. It is nearly colorless when first prepared, but turns yellow in the dark, and brown when exposed to light. Fueusol is made in the same way, only substituting sea-Weeds.
Having stated the nature of my invention and described the manner of performing the same, I declare that what I claim, and desire to seen re byLettcrs Patent of theUnited States,
The process of manufacturing carbons for electric lamps, which consists in treating (either alone or combined with lamp-black)
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US301929A true US301929A (en) | 1884-07-15 |
Family
ID=2371101
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US301929D Expired - Lifetime US301929A (en) | Aethue smith |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US301929A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5030796B1 (en) * | 1969-09-04 | 1975-10-03 |
-
0
- US US301929D patent/US301929A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5030796B1 (en) * | 1969-09-04 | 1975-10-03 |
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