US300269A - James s - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

J. S. LAMAR.

T BLEGRAPHIG RELAY. No. 300,269. Patented June 10, 1884.

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JAMES S.'LAMAR, OF AUGUSTA, GEORGIA. i

TELEGRAPHlC RELAY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 300,269, dated June 1o, leali.

Application filed February 1S), 1884. (No model.) I

'To all whom t may concern:

Beit known that I, J .Inns S. LAMAR, a citizen ofthe United States, residing at Augusta, in the county of Richmond and State of Georgia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Relays or Telegraphic Receiving-Instruments; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which forma part of this specification.

Figure l of the drawings is a representation of a sideyiew of a relay-instrument, partly in section, illustrating this invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same.

This invention has relation to relays or tele graphic receiving-instruments; and it consists, essentially, in a vibratory steel magnet acting by its own attraction upon the core of an electrama-guet to break circuit, and by means of the mutual repulsion between said electromagnet and said steel magnet to make circuit; in the device of a steel magnet so pivoted that it may freely oscillate between stops, and so adj usted and arranged that one of its poles shall embrace within the field of its own niagnetism the soft-iron core of an electro-magnet, so connected with its battery or other source of electrical supply that the magnetism of its core produced by the electrical current shall cause the'steel magnet to be repelled, the successive attractions and repulsions between the two magnets causing the steel magnet to oscillate between said stops, so as to produce telegraphic signals; in the device of a metallic projection or arm rigidly connected at an angle with a steel magnet, which is caused to oscillate by the successive attractions and repulsions between said steel magnet and an electro-magnet, said arm being furnished with a point of platinum or other metal adjusted to make and break electrical connections, or to produce telegraphic signals; in the combination, with an oscillating steel magnet operating with au electro-magnet to make and break circuit, of a receptacle containing mercury, with which a metallic point connected `to said steel magnet is made successively tomake and break circuit; in the combination,

with an oscillating steel magnet operating with an electro-magnet to make and break cir cuit, of a mercury-chamber, a metallic point in connection with the steel magnet, and a governing-screw working in a passage of the mercury-chamber to adjust the height of the mercury with reference to the operation of said metallic point 5 and in the general combination, with an adjustable electro-magnet connected with the main circuit, of a vibratory steel magnet having an arm in the line of the local circuit, and a pole in attractive relation with the core of the electro-magnet, a mercury-chamber, and an adj usting device to regulate the height of the mercury in the chamber, all as hereinafter set forth.

In the accompanying drawings, the letter A designates the base of the instrument, and B an electro-magnet, which is preferably made adjustable.

O represents a thumb-screw, working in a bearing, D, and adapted to move the electromagnet When turned.

F F indicate binding-posts for the line-wire a a, with which the electro-magnet is in circuit.

G represents the soft-iron core of the electro-magnet.

II represents a steel magnet, having a pivot, b, seated in bearings c, which are preferably made adjustable by employing screws for the purpose. The steel magnet is provided with a rigid arm, K, which extends at an angle with the magnet, and said arm is provided with a downwardly-extending point of platinum or other metal, as indicated at d. The steel magnet is designed to extend downward, its end c being near the end g of the soft-iron core of the electro-magnet. y

L represents a block of iron having the horizontal ,chamber h, formed with an aperture at k. The end of this chamber is closed by means of a neatly-fitting screw, l. A threaded perforation, m, extends to the chamberltat ardistance from the aperture la, and in this perforation is placed a governing-screw, n. The point d of the arm ofthe steel magnet is designed to extend downward into the aperture 7s, and in the chamber h is placed sufficient mercury to iill the horizontal portion of said chamber. The height of the surface of mercury in the aperture 7c is regulated by means of the screws and a, the latter being employed for the nice :uljustlnent re r|uired. ..f\.d j1i1stablc stops s and. are employed to limit the movements otvbration of the steel magnet.

N N represent binding-posts for the wires .11: of a local battery. From one ot' these posts the local circuit extends by a brass standard, S, to the pivot-bearings ofthe magnet H, and when the point l of the magnet is in contact with the mercury, the circuit extends through the magnet-arm and mercury and down by a brass standard, S, to the other biiuling-post. `\'\"hen the point del` thestcel magnet is not in contact with the mercury, the local circuit is open. ln this .relay the polarity ofthe end r/ ofthe seftiron core of the electro-magnct is to be similarl to that ofthe end voli' the steel magnet, and therefore the landing-posts F lf are to be so connected with the wire of the main line that the current passing through the coil of the electro-magnet shall produce in its core at f/ the same polarity as that of thestecl magnet at c. 'lhe electro-magnet is to be adjusted i by means of the thumbscrew until the steel magnet is freely drawn by its own magnetism toward the end g ol'I said core. This movement ofthe magnet ll l will lift its arm and move the point (l out of connection with the mercury, opening the local circuit. \Vhen the main circuit is closed, the end vr/ of the core of the elecl'roanagnet and the end f ol the steel magnet having the same j afilarity, the end c will be driven by magnetic repulsion away from y, vlufating the slee] magnet outward and bringing the point l ofthe magnet-arm down into the nnn'cury and closing the local circuit. \\"hen, however, the main circuit is open, the end vf/ of the core of the electro-magnet having .no polarity, the magnetism of the steel magnet ll will cause it to be drawn toward said end y, thus lifting the point fl, lfrom the mercury and opening the local circuit. The arm l of the steel magnet is not designed lo be perfectly counterbalaneed, but should have a slight e.- cess ol' weight, which is readily lifted by the permanent magnet when the main circuit is open, and when the current .isintroduced this excess el' weight assists the repulsive effort ol` the electro-magnet in throwing oftl the steel, magnet. ',lhewcight of this arm will suffice to control the circuit even when the current in the electro-magnet is barely su tl'icient toneniralixe lhcmagnetism induced in said electromagnet by the steel magnet; but in actual work a somewhat strijmgei.' current should bc used, so as to furnish a margin lor possible variations in its strength.

lhis relay is designed to effect a great saving ol" baltory-power. l t does not require adliustnufnt to preserve uniformity oi' action, notwithstanding variations in. the strength ofthe line-eu.r1.em. The margin ol' admissible variation ranges from the lecblest current that will do the work up to a current of any degree of strength below that which would reverse the polarity of the steel magnet. The device utilizes the principle that two magnetie poles oi'l the saine name will mutually re pel, although one of themv may be too fiiieble I o manifest any useful. attraction for sol't iron. Its capacity is designed to be sullicient to operate a local battery in ocean telegraphy, thereby facilitating and expediting the rcccption of cable messages.

I am aware that relayshave been constructA ed with a permanent magnet for the core, and provided with a soit-iron armature, and that relays have been made in which both the armature and the core are permanently polarized.

Il am also aware that a permanent magnet, as the armature ol" an clectro-magnet having its poles opposite each other, so that while one pole will attract the permanent magnet the other will repel, is not new; also, that perinanent magnets serving as annunciato]-drops have beenuscd as armatures and held by their own magnetism to the soi`t-iron core o t'an electro-magnet when the ,line-circuit is broken, and repelled when the clectroanagnet is energized by the line-current, but said armatures have .not been used in relays in. this connection, as they controlled no local. circuit.

Ill am also aware that an electro-magnet with a permanent steel magnet l'or an armatiufehaw ing a counterpoise and spring has been heretofore used; but in such device the principle ol' operation is entirely dillerent from my re lay, and 1l am lfurther aware that atelegraphie instrument having a soft-iron core and a permanent magnet as an armature which is .ropelled lfrom the core when the lindern-rent is ol" a certain polarity not new, but in such device the permanent steel magnet is netheid to the core solely by its own magnetism. riherefore i do not claim such devices; but,

llaving described this invention, what lll claim, and desire to secure by l'ietters lfatent, is-

il. ln a telegraphic relay, the combination, with its elcetro-magnet, of a vibra/tory steel magnet operated by its own. attraction alone toward the core of the clectromagimt to break. circuit, and by means oi' the magnetic .repulsion between said steel magnet and the electro-magnet to make circuit, substantially as speciiied.

2. ln a. telegraphic .receiving -instrument without retractile spring, a permanent magnet as the armatinfe of an electromagnet :normail y held thereto by its own magnetism alone, in com binati on with an arm rigidly attaclurd to said armature to control the local circuit by its own weight when the magnetism induced in said electromagnet by said armature is neutralized by the line-current, substantially as specified.

fi. ln a telegraphic receiving-instrument, the combinatii'm, with an electroanagnet, el' a vibratory steel magnet having a mctallicprojection or arm rigidly connected at an angle with said steel magnet, and having a point of platinum or other metal adjusted to make and break electrical connections when operatei'l by the successive reijiulsions and attractions between seid steel magnet and the e]ectro-1nag eillztting magnet, I'I, arm Ii, extension d, niei- 1o net, substantially as specified. bury-cup h, and governing-screw l, substan- 4. In a telegraphie receiving instrument, tiaily as shown and described. v the combination of an electro-magnet, of an os- In testimony whereof I affix 1n y si gimtu re in 5 eillating steel magnet, H, arm K, extension d, presence of-two witnesses.

and mercury-cup h, substantially as and for JAMES S. LAMAR. the purpose speeied. Witnesses:

5. In a telegraphie ieeeiving-instrnlent, JOHN A. MORROW, the combination of an electro-magnet, an os- M. RCALLAN.

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