US2993221A - Brushes - Google Patents

Description

S. J. BEDELL July 25, 1961 BRUSHES 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Sept. 3, 1958 FIG.I.

I GJ

INVENToR Sidney J. Bedell FIG.3.

ATTORNEY s. J. BEDELL.v

July 25, 1961 BRUSHES 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Sept. 3, 1958 mmmmmmmm FIG.5.

6N mw F INVENTOR. Sidney J. Bedel! BY M /f vm ATTORNEY Patented July 25, 1961 2,993,221 BRUSHES Sidney l'. Bedell, Brooklyn, NY., assignor to Pitegol Brothers, llnc., a corporation of New York Filed Sept. 3, 1958, Ser. No. 758,753 7 Claims. (Cl. 15-193) This invention relates to brushes and the method of manufacture thereof, and particular-ly to the manufacture of paint and paper-hanging brushes.

Among the objects of the invention are: To provide a superior brush in which the bristles or other filling material of a brush are so 'firmly secured that continual pounding and brushing normally and usually encountered during use of the brush will not cause the bristles or other said brush iilling material to loosen and fall out; to strengthen and improve the adhesion between the butt end of the bristles or other iilling material of a brush and the surrounding ferrule; and to simplify the manufacture of such brushes while enhancing the appearance of the brushes. Y

Briefly, the brush of the invention comprises a bristle or other `filling material of a brush the butt end of which is surrounded, enclosed or encased by a metal ferrule having apertures above and below the marginal edge of the butt of lthe bristle or said filling material. These apertures are relatively close to one another, substantially uniformly spaced, and extend around the entire periphery of the ferrule. During manufacture, a suitable liquid compound or cement, such as rubber or an epoxy resin, `fills the ferrule to a line above the apertures. To prevent the cement from oozing out of the apertures before the cement is cured or set, a masking tape is placed iirmly around the ferrule band, in a position adjacent to the outer surface of the ferrule, in such manner as to close the apertures at the outer surface of the ferrule. The insertion of the cement into the Aferrule causes the cement to penetrate the butt portion of the bristles or brush filling material, and to lill the apertures both above and below the marginal butt edge of the bristles or said filling material during the setting or curing operation. The cement adheres both to the metal inner surface of the ferrule and to the apertures which key the cement or compound into the metal of the ferrule. The apertures or holes thus provide mechanical keying or locking which considerably strengthens the adhesion of the cement to the ferrule. Because the cement extends above the marginal edge of the butt of the bristles or brush 'filling materials and into the apertures at relatively short spaces, substantially uniformly spaced around the ferrule, the tendency of the cement to crack and loosen as a result of pounding or brushing of the bristles or brush iilling material after repeated usage of the brush, is removed or appreciably reduced. The butt end of the bristles or said filling materials thus cannot be forced through the upper end of the ferrule, in the brush of the invention. Furthermore, the bristles or other brush filling materials, in the brush of the invention, are so firmly `secured by reason of this aforedescribed mechanical keying that continual pounding and brushing normally and usually encountered during the use of this brush will not cause said bristles or filling materials to loosen and fall out.

An important feature of the invention lies in the use of the apertures or holes which extend above the butt end of the bristles or said iilling material thereby providing numerous separate and localized supports for the cast plastic mass constituting the cementing compound. Although the apertures above lthe butt end of the bristles or said illing material are substantially uniformly spaced around the ferrule, to mechanically lock or Ikey the cement into the ferrule, the design is such that there is appreciable metal ferrule surface between these apertures to enable adhesion of the cement to the metal itself. Cracking or loosening of the set or cast plastic cement due to stresses and strains on the bristles or said lilling materials is thereby prevented.

Another feature of the invention resides in the flange at the lower end of the ferrule, which limits the travel of the handle for the brush during manufacturing operations, thereby simplifying the method of manufacture. The use of the flange on the ferrule also enhances the ornamental effect of the brush and results in a highly attractive article of manufacture.

Advantages of the brush of the invention are: (l) the cement or compound as aforedescribed above the butt end of the bristles or brush filling materials prevents the said bristles or said filling materials from being forced through the upper end of the ferrule and loosening of the cast compound which might otherwise occur as a result of continual pounding of the bristles or such other brush filling materials; (2) the apertures or holes above the butt end of the bristles aid in curing or setting of the cement by permitting the curing medium (which might be air or heat) to penetrate the cement substantially uniformly around the entire area of the filled-in ferrule. This reduces the tendency on the part of the set cement to crack; and (3) the numerous apertures or holes in the ferrule at locations above the butt end of the bristles or such other filling materials provide separate and lo` calized supports for the set or cast plastic mass.

A more detailed description of the invention follows,v

in conjunction with a drawing, wherein:

YFIG. 1 shows a paper-hanging brush made in accordance with the invention, with the handle spaced from the bristle portion of the brush in order to more clearly illustrate the cooperating elements of the brush;

FIG. 2 shows the paper-hanging brush of FIG. 1 with the handle and bristle portion of the brush assembled as a finished article of manufacture;

FIG. 3 is a cross-section of the brush of FIG. 2 along the line 3 3;

FIG. 4 is a modification of bristle portion of the brush of the invention, showing the use of angularly positioned slots in the metal ferrule instead ofV round apertures `or holes as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIGS. 5 and i6 show two different paint brushes made."

in accordance with the invention. The brush of FIG..6

differs `from that of FIG. 5 mainly in the use of beads.

on the ferrule; and

FIG. 7 is a cross-section of the brush of FIG. 6 along the line 7-7.

Throughout the figures of the drawing the same parts tion comprising a bunch of bristles 14 the upper or buttk end 16 of which is surrounded by a metal Iferrule 1-8. Ferrule .18 is a comparatively wide metal band which extends above the butt end 16 of the bristles and is united firmly to the bunch 14. The ferrule is provided with a metallic liange 17 which acts as a stop or rest f or the handle 10 when the handle is placed upon the ferrule in assembling the brush parts to make a complete or finished article.

Ferrule 18 is provided with two series of holes or apertures which pass completely through the metal of the ferrule. shape such as circular, rectangular or triangular, are

relatively closely spaced, and substantially uniformly positioned around the entire periphery of the ferrule.Y The upper or top series 19 is positioned above the butt end" 16 of the bunch of bristles 14 while the lower series 2,0

These apertures, which may take any suitableV isV positioned below the top or butt end 16 of the bunch of bristles. The -apertures 19 are staggered with respect to apertures 20 to provide more metal surface between holes in the two series than would be available if placed one'directly above the other.

Surrounding the outer surface of the ferrule 18 is a thin paper masking tape 2-1 which serves to prevent the cement or compound 22 from oozing out of the apertures 19 and 2t) during the process of manufacture. The masking tape 21 is cut away in FIG. 1 in order to show more clearly the location of the apertures 19 and 20. It should be noted that the cement not only penetrates the bristles at the top edge of the butt end 16 but also extends above the top edge of the butt end 16, and also fills up the apertures in both series 19 and 2t).

The cement 22 may be a soft rubber compound which sets or hardens upon the application of heat during the vulcanizing process, or a suitable epoxy resin provided with or without an accelerator for hastening the setting of the mass. During curing or setting, the cement will swell and flow into the apertures 19 and '20 thereby enabling the apertures to mechanically key the cement into the metal ferrule. The type of cement selected is such as to adhere firmly to the metal itself of the ferrule. The apertures thus provide separate and localized supports for the cast or set plastic mass (cement). The additional metal surface between the staggered apertures in the two series 19 and 20 provides additional support for the set cement by virtue of the adhesion of the cement to the inner'metal surface of the ferrule.

In the process of manufacturing the bristle end of the brush, a suitable amount of stock (let us say, for example, 4 ounces) of bristles is weighed to constitute the bunch. This amount of stock is sufficient to assure a tight t within the ferrule. If additional tightness is required between the butt of the bristle bunch and the ferrule, a ller of wood can be inserted between the exposed portions of the bristles at the butt end, in a manner well known in the industry. The bristle bunch is then pushed into and out of the ferrule for the proper distance by means of a sizing block. This step is known as sizing for the trim or length of bristle outv of the ferrule. In the practice of the invention, the edge of the butt end of the bristles will extend above the lower series ofV holes 20 to line or edge 16. Suitable cement in liquid form, such as soft rubber or epoxy resin, will now be applied through the top or open end of the ferrule to a line above the butt end of the bristles, and the ferrule lled up with this cement to a point above or beyond the upper series of apertures 19. This cement penetrates the bristles depending upon the Viscosity of the cement, down to about a line level with flange 17. If rubber is used as a cement, then heatY is applied to vulcanize or cure the compound. If an epoxy resin with an accelerator is used, heat may or may not be applied-heat will expedite they curing or setting of the epoxy resin. The masking tape on the outer lsurface of the ferrule prevents thecement from oozing out of the apertures of the ferrule.

In order to attach the handle to the ferrule, rivets or pins 23 are used to secure the parts together. Handle 10 is provided with a longitudinal slot at the bottom thereof for tting snugly over the ferrule up to a point determined by the flange 17. It should be noted that the rivets 23 pass through the ferrule on a line above the edge 16 of the butt of bristles and not through the bristles themselves. This location of the rivets 23 prevents loosening of the handle 10 from the ferrule during repeated application `and pounding of the brush when in use.

FIG. 4 is a modification of the brush of FIG. 2 and dilers therefrom primarily in the use of -angularly positioned slots 24 to replace the two series of apertures of FIG. 2. These slots extend above and below the top edge 1.6.of the butt endfof, the bristles, andare; filled with cement in the same manner as are the apertures 19 and 20. The slots mechanically key the cement into the metal ferrule. The spacing between slots provide adequate surface area for adhesion of the cement to the metal itself of the ferrule.

FIGS. 5 and 6 show paint brushes with ferrules which differ in shape from the ferrule of the brush of FIG. 2. In both of these iigures, the masking tape 21 shown in the cross-section of FIG. 7 has not been illustrated in order not to conceal the showing of the apertures and beads.

The ferrule 18 of FIG. 5 is rectangular in shape and is provided with the two series of staggered holes or apertures 19 and 20, as in FIG. l. Similarly in FIG. 6, the ferrule 18", which is rounded at the ends, is also provided with the same two series of apertures 19 and 20. The iianges 17' and 17 function as a stop and rest for the handles 10 and 10, respectively. These handles may also be secured to the ferrules by rivets or pins, not shown, in the same* manner as the handle 10 is attached to the brush of FIG. 2.

The ferrule 1S of the paint brush of FIG. 6 is provided with a plurality (two or three) of spaced longitudinally extending `grooves 25 for furnishing additional metallic surface area to the cement on the inside of the ferrule. During curing or setting of the cement (as in the vulcanization step of the rubber cement), the cement will ow into the grooves and adhere to the sides thereof, thereby providing additional strength to the bond between the ferrule and the cement. It will be apparent that, if desired, the ferrule of the brush of FIG. 5 can also be provided with a plurality of spaced longitudinal beads, as described above in connection with the brush of FIG.

The term ferrule used in the appended claims is deemed to include a band as illustrated in the drawings made from any suitable material, such as metal, wood or plastic. The term bristles used in the appended claims is deemed to include any suitable brush material, such as hair or synthetic laments, for example nylon.

What is claimed is:

l. A brush having a bunch of bristles and a wide band ferrule surrounding the butt end of said bristles and extending above the edge of said bristles, said ferrule having apertures positioned -above and below said edge of said bristles at the butt end thereof and positioned at Ia plurality of locations around lthe ferrule, a cast plastic mass of cement rmly securing said bristles to said ferrule, said cement entering said apertures above and below said edge, whereby said apertures key or lock the cement to the ferrule above and below the butt end of the bristles, and a handle of different material from said cement secured to said ferrule.

2. A brush as defined in claim l, wherein said apertures are two series of holes, one series being positioned below and the other above said edge of the bristles, the holes in one series being staggered relative to the holes in the other series, 'and including a tape on the outside of said ferrule -to prevent the cement from `oozing out of said apertures.

3. A brush as dened in claim l, including a masking tape `on the outside of said ferrule to prevent the cement from oozing out of said apertures, and wherein said apertures are substantially uniformly positioned around the ferrule, said apertures being -angularly positioned slots, each slot having a length which extends above and below said edge at the bu-tt end of the bristle.

4. A brush having a b-unch of bristles and a wide band ferrule surrounding the butt end of said bristles and extending above :the edge of said bristles, said ferrule having apertures positioned above and below said edge of said bristles Kat the butt end thereof and positioned at a plurality of locations around the ferrule, a cast plastic mass of cement firmly securing said bristles to said ferrule, said. cement entering said apertures, whereby said apertures key the cement to the ferrule above and below the butt end of the bristles, said ferrule having a relatively flat flange at the lower end thereof acting as a stop and rest for the handle of ysaid brush, and a handle having its lower portion surrounding said -ferrule and its lower edge closely adjacent said ange.

5. A brush having a bunch of bristles and a wide band ferrule surrounding the butt end of said bristles and extending above the edge of said bristles, said ferrule having apertures positioned above `and below said edge of said bristles at the butt end thereof and positioned at a plurality of locations around the ferrule, a cast plastic mass of cement firmly securing said bristles to said ferrule, said cement entering said apertures, whereby said apertures key the cement to the ferrule above and below the butt end of the bristles, said ferrule having a relatively 4fiat flange at the lower end thereof acting as a stop and rest for the handle of said brush, said ferrule being made of metal, a handle having a hollow lower end surrounding said ferrlrle and contacting said flange, and one or more pins passing through said ferrule and handle at locations above said edge of the bristles but below the top surface of the plastic mass of cement for securing the handle to the ferrule.

6. In a process vfor manufacturing a brush containing fa bunch of bristles the butt end of which is adapted to be surrounded by a relatively wide band ferrule containing apertures positioned lat spaced points around the periphery and which appear above and below a pre determined line defining the position of the top edge of the butt end of the bristles, the method of firmly securing the bristles to the ferrule which comprises inserting the butt end of the bristles into said ferrule up to said line, masking the outer surface of said ferrule before the cement is set to thereby prevent cement from oozing out of said apertures, filling the open end of said ferrule with cement to a line above said apertures, and curing said cement to produce a cast plastic mass which enters said apertures and adheres to the inner surface of said ferrule, whereby said apertures provide localized and separate supports which key the cement to the ferrule.

7. The method of manufacturing a brush, which includes passing the buftt end of a bunch of bristles into a hollow metal ferrule having spaced apertures therein positioned above and below a predetermined longitudinal line, until the top edge of said bristles at said end registers with said line, lling the open end of said ferrule with cement in liquid form to cover the apertures located above said line, then setting said cement, thereby causing the cement to enter said apertures above and below said line and penetrate the butt end of the bristles, whereby the apertures provide separate and localized supports forthe set cement, `and mechanically fastening a handle to said ferrule at locations above the top edge of said bristles but below a line formed by the top of the cement.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 349,407 Rosenthal Sept. 2l, 1886 840,693 Graul Ian. 8, 1907 1,009,082 McMillan Nov. 21, 1911 1,105,573 McMillan Iuly 28, 1914 1,372,108 Timmis Mar. 22, 1921 1,431,810 Joerger Oct. 10, 1922 2,027,771 Garrison Ian. 14, 1936 2,202,292 Howard May 28, 1940 2,274,002 SaltZman Feb. 24, 1942 2,406,732 Hardman Aug. 27, 1946 FOREIGN PATENTS 351,269 Great Britain June 25, 1931 449,841 Great Britain July 6, 1936

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