US2985952A - Method of construction of three dimensional - Google Patents

Method of construction of three dimensional Download PDF

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US2985952A
US2985952A US2985952DA US2985952A US 2985952 A US2985952 A US 2985952A US 2985952D A US2985952D A US 2985952DA US 2985952 A US2985952 A US 2985952A
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hub
pins
blade
blades
impeller
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/005—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass keys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/006—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass turbine wheels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/18—Rotors
    • F04D29/22—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/2205—Conventional flow pattern
    • F04D29/2222—Construction and assembly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/18—Rotors
    • F04D29/22—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/2205—Conventional flow pattern
    • F04D29/2222—Construction and assembly
    • F04D29/2227—Construction and assembly for special materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S416/00—Fluid reaction surfaces, i.e. impellers
    • Y10S416/02—Formulas of curves
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49316—Impeller making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49316—Impeller making
    • Y10T29/4932—Turbomachine making
    • Y10T29/49325—Shaping integrally bladed rotor

Definitions

  • This invention relates to bladed impellers and has as its object an improved method of making a master impeller for a pump or the like of the type having threedimensional blading.
  • three-dimensional blading is meantan impeller having the geometry of its blades so curved or tapered in all dimensions that measurements must be taken from three planes each at right angles to the other two in order to locate any point on a blade.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide an improved method of making the master impeller for pump or turbine impellers having blading which is very difiicult to shape by usual methods in use.
  • a further object of the invention is generally to improve the method of making pump and turbine impellers having blading of compound curvature.
  • Fig. 1 is a front view and Fig. 2 a side view of a master impeller, or pattern, made in accordance with this invention
  • Fig. 3 is a detailed view showing a curved pin.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 show a master impeller on a shaft including a hub 12 and thre identical impeller blades 14, 16 and 18.
  • the hub 12 is turned to the desired shape having the required fore and aft curvature shown best in Fig. 2. This is a simple turning operation which can be performed on a lathe.
  • the hub is made of suitable material which can be turned and bored easily.
  • a plurality of stations is next established on the hub surface along the length'of each blade which defines the mean camber line of the blade at its hub end. For purposes of illustration, eight stations have been shown in the drawing for each blade. In the master impeller construction shown in Figs.
  • straight conical pins 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d, 20e, 20 20g and 20h are inserted at the eight stations for each blade with their longitudinal center lines intersecting the mean camber lines of the several impeller blades, here three in number, from the hub to the tip thereof.
  • These pins are also turned from any suitable material and are of correct thick ness and taper to correspond to the tip to hub thickness distribution along the pin center line at each station along the blades. It will be understood that each conical pin is inserted at the proper station corresponding to computed station locations along the blade from the leading edge to the trailing edge thereof.
  • the tip surface of the blade is generated by varying the length of the tapered pins.
  • a workable filler material is then inserted between the pins and is shaped until all tangent points between adjacent pins are faired in.
  • This material may be a low melting point metal or a hardenable material, such as plastic wood, which can be worked after hardening.
  • Each of the blades of the impeller is made as abovedescribed, all the blades of a given impeller being identical.
  • a pin 22a has been shown which is curved from hub to tip as would be required to. make an impeller blade in which a line joining the mean camber lines of the blade from tip to hub is a curved line.
  • a master impeller for pumps or the like having three-dimensional blading which consists in turning an annular hub to the desired fore and aft curvature, inserting into the surface of said hub at prescribed stations along each blade location a set of tapered pins of predetermined thickness conforming to the thickness distribution of the blade from tip to hub at said stations, and producing the full vane geometry of the blades by inserting a workable filler material between the pins and shaping the material to fair in tangent to the pin surfaces.
  • the method of making a master impeller for a pump or the like which consists in shaping the hub of the impeller to the desired fore and aft curvature, selecting a plurality of stations along the length of each of a plurality of curved blades, turning a set of straight conical pins for each blade of the proper thickness alOng their length to correspond to the variable tip to hub thickness distribution at each station, inserting the hub ends of said pins into said hub at the prescribed stations for each of said blades, generating the tip surfaces of each blade by trimming off the pins at their free ends, and inserting a workable filler material between said pins until all tangent points between adjacent pins of each set are faired in.
  • a master impeller for pumps or the like having three-dimensional blading which consists in turning an annular hub to the desired fore and aft curvature, locating a plurality of stations on said hub along a curved mean camber line of each blade at the hub end of the blades, determining the proper thickness distribution along a hub to tip line of the blades at each station, forming tapered pins having the desired thickness distribution along the hub to tip lines at the selected stations, inserting said pins into said hub at the appropriate stations along each blade from the leading to the trailing edge of the blades, molding a workable filler material between said pins, and shaping said material until all tangent points between adjacent pins are faired in.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Description

y 30, 1961 G. H. NUTTER ETAL 2,985,952
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION OF THREE DIMENSIONAL BLADING 0F ARBITRARY SHAPE Filed Oct. 9, 195a INVENTORS GEORGE H. NUTTER GLENN M WOOD A T TORNEY United States Patent METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION OF THREE DIlVIEN- SIONAL BLADING OF ARBITRARY SHAPE George H. Nutter, Manchester, and Glenn M. Wood, East Hampton, Conn., assignors to United Aircraft Corporation, East Hartford, Conn., a corporation of Delaware Filed Oct. 9, 1958, Ser. No. 766,304
7 Claims. (Cl. 29156.8)
This invention relates to bladed impellers and has as its object an improved method of making a master impeller for a pump or the like of the type having threedimensional blading. By three-dimensional blading is meantan impeller having the geometry of its blades so curved or tapered in all dimensions that measurements must be taken from three planes each at right angles to the other two in order to locate any point on a blade.
The construction of the master impellers for pumps and turbines which serve as the model for machining or casting operations has been a time consuming and painstaking job requiring much hand shaping of the blades.
It is another object of the invention to provide a simplified method for making these master impellers with greater accuracy.
Still another object of this invention is to provide an improved method of making the master impeller for pump or turbine impellers having blading which is very difiicult to shape by usual methods in use.
A further object of the invention is generally to improve the method of making pump and turbine impellers having blading of compound curvature.
These and other objects and advantages of the invention will be evident or will be pointed out in connection with the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment of the invention illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
In this drawing:
Fig. 1 is a front view and Fig. 2 a side view of a master impeller, or pattern, made in accordance with this invention;
Fig. 3 is a detailed view showing a curved pin.
Figs. 1 and 2 show a master impeller on a shaft including a hub 12 and thre identical impeller blades 14, 16 and 18.
In making the master impeller the hub 12 is turned to the desired shape having the required fore and aft curvature shown best in Fig. 2. This is a simple turning operation which can be performed on a lathe. The hub is made of suitable material which can be turned and bored easily. A plurality of stations is next established on the hub surface along the length'of each blade which defines the mean camber line of the blade at its hub end. For purposes of illustration, eight stations have been shown in the drawing for each blade. In the master impeller construction shown in Figs. 1 and 2, straight conical pins 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d, 20e, 20 20g and 20h are inserted at the eight stations for each blade with their longitudinal center lines intersecting the mean camber lines of the several impeller blades, here three in number, from the hub to the tip thereof. These pins are also turned from any suitable material and are of correct thick ness and taper to correspond to the tip to hub thickness distribution along the pin center line at each station along the blades. It will be understood that each conical pin is inserted at the proper station corresponding to computed station locations along the blade from the leading edge to the trailing edge thereof.
The tip surface of the blade is generated by varying the length of the tapered pins. A workable filler material is then inserted between the pins and is shaped until all tangent points between adjacent pins are faired in. This material may be a low melting point metal or a hardenable material, such as plastic wood, which can be worked after hardening.
Each of the blades of the impeller is made as abovedescribed, all the blades of a given impeller being identical.
In Fig. 3 a pin 22a has been shown which is curved from hub to tip as would be required to. make an impeller blade in which a line joining the mean camber lines of the blade from tip to hub is a curved line.
The method above-outlined would completely describe a hub shape and blade geometry of arbitrary design which can serve as a model for subsequent machining and casting operations of the impeller.
It will be evident that the method above-described for making three-dimensional blade impellers is greatly simplified over previous methods and eliminates much of the tedious hand shaping of the blades previously required.
We claim:
1. The method of making a master impeller for pumps or the like having three-dimensional blading which consists in turning an annular hub to the desired fore and aft curvature, inserting into the surface of said hub at prescribed stations along each blade location a set of tapered pins of predetermined thickness conforming to the thickness distribution of the blade from tip to hub at said stations, and producing the full vane geometry of the blades by inserting a workable filler material between the pins and shaping the material to fair in tangent to the pin surfaces.
2. The method of making a master impeller for pumps or the like having three-dimensional blading which consists in, turning an annular hub having a fore and aft curvature to produce the desired flow surface, inserting sets of tapered pins of the required thickness to define the tip to hub dimensions of the blades into the surface of said hub at the proper stations along the blades from the leading edge to the trailing edge of the several blades, inserting a workable filler material between the pins, shaping said material until all tangent points between adjacent pins are faired in, and generating the tip surface of the blades by varying the length of said pins.
3. The method of making a master impeller for pumps and the like having three-dimensional blading which consists in first generating the hub surface to the desired fore and aft curvature, forming sets of tapered pins for the several blades having the proper thickness along their individual lengths to correspond to the tip to hub thickness distribution at the various points along the blades,
inserting the formed pins into the hub at the proper stations corresponding to computed positions along the blades from the leading edge to the trailing edge of each blade, generating the desired tip surface of the several blades by cutting off said pins at their free ends, inserting a workable filler material between the pins, and shaping said material until all tangent points between adjacent pins are faired in.
4. The method of making a master impeller for a pump or the like which consists in shaping the hub of the impeller to the desired fore and aft curvature, selecting a plurality of stations along the length of a curved impeller blade each represented by a line joining the mean camber lines from tip to hub of the blade, turning a plurality of tapered plus, one for each of said stations, of the proper thickness along their length to correspond to the variable tip to hub thickness distribution of the blade at each station, inserting said pins into said hub at said prescribed stations, generating the tip surface of the blades by cutting off the free ends of said pins, and
inserting a workable filler material between said pins until all tangent points between adjacent pins are faired in.
5. The method of making a master impeller for a pump or the like which consists in shaping the hub of the impeller to the desired fore and aft curvature, selecting a plurality of stations along the length of each of a plurality of curved blades, turning a set of straight conical pins for each blade of the proper thickness alOng their length to correspond to the variable tip to hub thickness distribution at each station, inserting the hub ends of said pins into said hub at the prescribed stations for each of said blades, generating the tip surfaces of each blade by trimming off the pins at their free ends, and inserting a workable filler material between said pins until all tangent points between adjacent pins of each set are faired in.
6. The method of making a master impeller for pumps or the like having three-dimensional blading which consists in turning an annular hub to the desired fore and aft curvature, locating a plurality of stations on said hub along a curved mean camber line of each blade at the hub end of the blades, determining the proper thickness distribution along a hub to tip line of the blades at each station, forming tapered pins having the desired thickness distribution along the hub to tip lines at the selected stations, inserting said pins into said hub at the appropriate stations along each blade from the leading to the trailing edge of the blades, molding a workable filler material between said pins, and shaping said material until all tangent points between adjacent pins are faired in.
7. The method of making a master impeller for a pump or the like having three-dimensional blading, all surfaces of which are curved which consists in generating the hub of the impeller to provide the desired fore and aft curvature, forming a set of longitudinally curved and tapered pins for each blade of the impeller having the proper thickness along their lengths to correspond to the tip to hub distribution at various stations along the blade from leading to trailing edge of the blade, inserting said pins into said hub with the center lines of the several pins of each set joining the mean camber lines from the tip to the hub of the blade, generating the tip surface of the blades by trimming the free ends of said pins, molding a workable filler material between the pins, and shaping said filler material until all tangent points between adjacent pins are faired in.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 976,465 De La Hunty Nov. 22, 1910 1,043,175 Van Vrankin Nov. 5, 1912 1,106,736 Schuler Aug. 11, 1914 2,274,060 Hart Feb. 24, 1942 2,325,617 Lysholm et a1. Aug. 3, 1943 2,410,888 Lucy Nov. 12, 1946 2,687,278 Smith et a1 Aug. 24, 1954 2,755,510 Router July 24, 1956 2,836,530 Rees May 27, 1958
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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3300123A (en) * 1964-05-29 1967-01-24 Ventilator A G Vane for an axial ventilator and method for producing the same
US3540834A (en) * 1968-09-12 1970-11-17 Worthington Corp Apparatus for pumping liquids containing solids
US4080096A (en) * 1976-07-01 1978-03-21 Dawson Edward S Fluid pump impeller
US4093401A (en) * 1976-04-12 1978-06-06 Sundstrand Corporation Compressor impeller and method of manufacture
US4648787A (en) * 1984-02-25 1987-03-10 Bruenig Matthias A M Apparatus for transporting and/or mixing gases
US4652212A (en) * 1984-11-10 1987-03-24 Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft Rotor for a gas turbine
US4720243A (en) * 1984-11-01 1988-01-19 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Impeller of centrifugal fluid-type rotary machine
US5375976A (en) * 1990-07-27 1994-12-27 Institut Francais Du Petrole Pumping or multiphase compression device and its use
US6190121B1 (en) 1999-02-12 2001-02-20 Hayward Gordon Limited Centrifugal pump with solids cutting action
US6224331B1 (en) 1999-02-12 2001-05-01 Hayward Gordon Limited Centrifugal pump with solids cutting action
US6296566B1 (en) 1999-10-05 2001-10-02 Case Corporation Infeed impeller for a rotary combine
US20220316494A1 (en) * 2021-03-31 2022-10-06 Stokes Technology Development Ltd. Manufacturing method of axial air moving device with blades overlapped in axial projection

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US976465A (en) * 1910-01-07 1910-11-22 Scullin Gallagher Iron & Steel Company Green-sand core.
US1043175A (en) * 1912-02-21 1912-11-05 Jay Van Vranken Plow-disk.
US1106736A (en) * 1914-02-05 1914-08-11 George Schuler Conveyer.
US2274060A (en) * 1938-10-31 1942-02-24 United Shoe Machinery Corp Mold and mold making method
US2325617A (en) * 1938-01-13 1943-08-03 Jarvis C Marble Rotor
US2410888A (en) * 1944-03-31 1946-11-12 Murray Lucy Marvosh Company Method and apparatus for molding three-dimensional shapes from drawings
US2687278A (en) * 1948-05-26 1954-08-24 Chrysler Corp Article with passages
US2755510A (en) * 1951-02-28 1956-07-24 Smith Corp A O Method of making profiling machine models
US2836530A (en) * 1953-04-28 1958-05-27 Bristol Aircraft Ltd Method of making forming tools

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US976465A (en) * 1910-01-07 1910-11-22 Scullin Gallagher Iron & Steel Company Green-sand core.
US1043175A (en) * 1912-02-21 1912-11-05 Jay Van Vranken Plow-disk.
US1106736A (en) * 1914-02-05 1914-08-11 George Schuler Conveyer.
US2325617A (en) * 1938-01-13 1943-08-03 Jarvis C Marble Rotor
US2274060A (en) * 1938-10-31 1942-02-24 United Shoe Machinery Corp Mold and mold making method
US2410888A (en) * 1944-03-31 1946-11-12 Murray Lucy Marvosh Company Method and apparatus for molding three-dimensional shapes from drawings
US2687278A (en) * 1948-05-26 1954-08-24 Chrysler Corp Article with passages
US2755510A (en) * 1951-02-28 1956-07-24 Smith Corp A O Method of making profiling machine models
US2836530A (en) * 1953-04-28 1958-05-27 Bristol Aircraft Ltd Method of making forming tools

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3300123A (en) * 1964-05-29 1967-01-24 Ventilator A G Vane for an axial ventilator and method for producing the same
US3540834A (en) * 1968-09-12 1970-11-17 Worthington Corp Apparatus for pumping liquids containing solids
US4093401A (en) * 1976-04-12 1978-06-06 Sundstrand Corporation Compressor impeller and method of manufacture
US4080096A (en) * 1976-07-01 1978-03-21 Dawson Edward S Fluid pump impeller
US4648787A (en) * 1984-02-25 1987-03-10 Bruenig Matthias A M Apparatus for transporting and/or mixing gases
US4720243A (en) * 1984-11-01 1988-01-19 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Impeller of centrifugal fluid-type rotary machine
US4775270A (en) * 1984-11-01 1988-10-04 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Impeller of centrifugal fluid-type rotary machine and manufacturing method thereof
US4652212A (en) * 1984-11-10 1987-03-24 Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft Rotor for a gas turbine
US5375976A (en) * 1990-07-27 1994-12-27 Institut Francais Du Petrole Pumping or multiphase compression device and its use
US6190121B1 (en) 1999-02-12 2001-02-20 Hayward Gordon Limited Centrifugal pump with solids cutting action
US6224331B1 (en) 1999-02-12 2001-05-01 Hayward Gordon Limited Centrifugal pump with solids cutting action
US6296566B1 (en) 1999-10-05 2001-10-02 Case Corporation Infeed impeller for a rotary combine
US20220316494A1 (en) * 2021-03-31 2022-10-06 Stokes Technology Development Ltd. Manufacturing method of axial air moving device with blades overlapped in axial projection
US11873835B2 (en) * 2021-03-31 2024-01-16 Stokes Technology Development Ltd. Manufacturing method of axial air moving device with blades overlapped in axial projection

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