US2946350A - Cut and loop axminster loom and method - Google Patents

Description

July 26, 1960. M. w. WORTH CUT AND LOOP AXMINSTER LOOM AND METHOD 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Dec. 24, 1958 July 26, 1960 M. w. WORTH CUT AND LOOP AXMINSTER LOOM AND METHOD Filed Dec. 24, 1958 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 July 26, 1960 w, WORTH 2,946,350

CUT AND LOOP AXMINSTER LOOM AND METHOD Filed Dec. 24, 1958 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 July 26, 1960 M. w. WORTH 2,946,350

CUT AND LOOP AXMINSTER LOOM AND METHOD Filed 05c. 24. 1958 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 JIM Mad/[1% WQM MM CUT AND LOOP AXMINSTER LOOM AND METHOD Maurice W. Worth, Glasgow, Va., assignor to James Lees and Sons Company, Bridgeport, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Filed Dec. 24, 1958, Ser. No. 782,972

9 Claims. (Cl. 139-7) This invention relates to the method and apparatus for producing pile fabric and more particularly to a modification of an Axminster loom whereby the ends of individual pile projections are bound in the base fabric to form the loop pile face.

The conventional Axminster loom as such is incapable of producing an uncut or loop pile face. Previous attempts to modify an Axminster loom to produce an uncut pile have met with varying degrees of success. One example of such a modification is Eisler and Moxley Patent No. 2,715,918. The present invention, however, is a radically different approach from all previously known devices in that it does not employ a pile forming wire of any sort nor does it use individual hooks to hold up the pile.

A primary object of the invention, therefore, is to provide a modified Axminster loom capable of weaving uncut pile.

A further object of the invention is to provide in an Axminster loom an upper and a lower comb which cooperate to form uncut loops having their bottom extremities securely tied in to the base fabric.

A further object of the invention is to provide a novel oscillating and pivoting upper comb for an Axminster loom.

A further object of the invention is to provide a novel method of weaving a loop pile Axminster fabric.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a novel uncut Axminster pile fabric.

And a still further object of the invention is to provide a loop pile Axminster fabric in which one end of each loop extremity is tied in between superimposed top and bottom shots and the other end is tied in under the next succeeding single shot.

Further objects will be apparent from the specification and drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an Axminster loom constructed in accordance with the present invention,

Fig. 2 is a sectional detail showing the actuating mechanism for the improved upper comb,

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary detail as seen at 3-3 of Fig. 2,

Fig. 4 is a weave diagram of a warpwise section of a fabric produced on my improved loom,

Fig. 5 is a weftwise section of the fabric as seen at 55 of Fig. 4,

Fig. 6 is a weftwise section of the fabric as seen at 66 of Fig. 4,

Fig. 7 is a perspective showing the front and upper surfaces of the upper comb,

Fig. 8 is a perspective showing the front and bottom surfaces of the upper comb of Fig. 7,

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary sectional detail as seen at 9-9 of Fig. 7,

Fig. 10 is a fragmentary sectional detail as seen at 10 10 of Fig. 7, and

Figs. 1120 show diagrammatically the weaving of the fabric in accordance with the present invention together with the structural relationship of the various parts of the modified Axminster loom.

The invention comprises essentially the provision of an upper comb which is positioned immediately above the Woven fabric as it passes over the breast beam. The comb advances to fold over severed pile ends down into the fell and around the lower comb which raises the cut pile projections to form loops. The lower comb wipes up the end of each projection to securely tie in under the next filling weft or shot. The invention also includes the novel steps of producing an Axminster loop pile fabric having the pile extremities wiped up into the ground fabric which in turn produces a new and different product with a heavy, reinforced backing.

Referring now more particularly to the drawings, the pertinent parts of an Axminster loom are illustrated in Fig. 1 and comprise harness frames 36}, 31, and 32 which control chain warps 33, 34 and stufier warp 35 respectively. The pile yarns Y are supplied from a tube frame 36 and feed from spool 37 through tuft tubes 38 as in the customary Axminster loom. Successive tube frames are removed from the chain and dipped into the shed to present the several yarn ends Y to the weaving apparatus. The operation of the Axminster chains and tube frames is well known and need not be described herein. Likewise, following conventional Axminster practice, a pair of knives or blades 40 and 41 are positioned to sever a controlled length of yarn Y from the tube frames. Blade 40 may be considered a gauging blade and is secured to the knife stock 42. Blade 41 is secured to knife stock 43 and cooperates with the blade 40 to sever all of the yarns supplied to the fabric from tube frame 36. My modified loom is also provided with the conventional reed 45 which beats :up the various filling shots 46 into the fell 47 of the fabric F which passes over the tip 48 of the breast plate 49. The lower comb 54) is mounted on a movable support 51 and serves to wipe up the cut ends or extremities of the pile as will be described more fully hereinafter. An upper comb assembly 52 is provided with a series of teeth or tines 53 which cooperate with the lower comb 50 to weave the fabric shown in Fig. 4. Upper comb 52 comprises a series of bifurcated, generally triangular teeth 53 which are secured to or are formed integrally with comb body 55 (Figs. 7 and 8) in turn mounted on a shaft 56 by brackets 57, 57. The lower edges of the teeth 53 are beveled or tapered, as shown clearly in Figs. 7 and 8, and each of the teeth is bifurcated at 58 to accommodate the warps 33, 34, and 35.

In the weaving cycle, the knives are opened, as shown in Fig. 1, and a needle 59 is inserted into the shed formed by chain warps 33 and 34 and stuffer warp 35 to place a shot of filling 46a in front of the reed 45. The other elements are generally retracted as seen in this position. Figure 11 illustrates the final step in the tying in of the trailing end 61 of the previously formed loop 6 2. This end 6 1 is wiped up and around the filling shot 46 by means of the comb 50. The leading leg or end of the succeeding loop is then inserted by means of tuft tube 38 to the position shown in Fig. 11. The broken lines show the maximum penetration of the tuft tube 38 and the yarn ends Y. In the next step the reed 45 beats up the filling shot 46a against the lower portion of each yarn Y shown in Fig. 12. Meanwhile, however, the lower comb 50 has withdrawn to a position below the tip 48 of the breast plate. The lower comb 50 elevates, as shown in Figs. 13 and 14, to wipe up the leading end 63 of yarn Y and tie it in around top shot 46a. Concurrently, the upper comb 53 is advanced to engage all of the yarns Y which are'now drawn from the spool 37 when the tube frame 38 elevates. With the comb 50 still in clamping position, the knives 40 and 41 converge to sever all of the yarn ends Y, as shown in Fig. 15.

After the ends are cut, the upper comb 53 is moved rearwardly to wipe the ends Y downwardly and around the comb 50 and shot 46a. The arrows in Figs. 16 and 17 indicate the path of movement of the upper comb 53 for this purpose. With the comb 53 in its holding position, comb 50 elevates, as shown in Fig. 17, to form the loops 62a which are of constant and equal height, by brushing or wiping up the bight of the pile yarns against the back surfaces of upper comb body 55. During this operation the comb 50 securely clamps the leading end 63 against the preceding shot 46a. a third filling weft 46c has been inserted by needle 59 in front of reed 45 with the chain warps 33 and 34 reversed. The stuifer warp 35, however, remains below filling weft 460 as shown in Figs. 17 and 18. The comb 50 then withdraws and the shot 46c is beaten up by reed 45, as shown in Fig.- 19. Comb 50 then elevates to wipe up the trailing end 64 of loops 62a around shot 460 (Fig. 20), thus completing the formation of this row of loops. It will be seen that the leading end 63 of each loop'is tied in under a top shot 46a and over a bottom shot-46b both of which are inserted without a reversal of the harness frames 30 and 31. Harness frame 32 for the stuifer, however, is reversed, so that the stutter runs between the shots 46a and 46b. Before the insertion of the third shot 46c, however, the chain harness frames 30 and 31 reverse so that the chain warps are on opposite sides of the third shot. This shedding of the chain warps is shown clearly in Fig. 20. After the trailing end 64 of loops 62a have been wiped up, the next yarn end from succeeding tuft tubes 38a and tube frame 36a is wiped down into and through the warp sheds and in advance of the first shot 46 which has been inserted in front of reed 45. The cycle then repeats to provide a three-shot loop pile Axrninster fabric.

Figures 2. and 3 indicate the details of the mechanism of the upper comb assembly 52. A rocker arm '79 is journaled on shaft 80 and is controlled bya cam follower Meanwhile,

81 in contact with cam 82'. Spring 83 maintains contact between cam follower 81 and cam 82. Link 84 connects the end of arm 79 to connecting rods 85 by means of pins 86 and 87. This linkage controls both the hori- 'zontal and vertical movement of the'comb 53. Horizontal movement of the comb is controlled by means of an interconnecting link 88 secured to link 84 by pin 89 and having a cam follower 90 engaging the surface of cam '91. The opposite end of link 88 is bifurcated and engages the cam shaft 92, thereby maintaining the radial position of the link. Spring '93 urges the cam follower 90 against cam 91. Rods '85 are pinned to shaft 56 at 95 and rollers 96, 96 support shaft 56 on guide elements 97, 97 having the form of angle irons. Pivoting movement of the rods 85 caused 'by cam 82' provides the chief vertical component for the movement of upper comb 53. One web of the angle iron is slotted at 98 to permit linear movement of the shaft '56 substantially parallel to the plane of fabric F. The rollers 96 are retained axially on the shaft by means of collars 99. The legs or brackets 57 support the comb body 55 and are secured integrally "to the comb and the shaft 56 by any suitable manner such as welding. It will thus be'apparent that the path of con'ib 53 represents a compound path having both linear and arcuate components effected by the joint action of the earns "82 and 91.

The addition of an upper'comb having the above described function of Wipingsevered pile ends held in one extremity around an elevated lower :com'b so that a succeeding filling weft "is capable of binding in the wiped down ends represents novel construction "in an Axminster loom.

From the standpointofthe fabric woven, it is possible to produce a loop pile Axminister fabric in which the pile-loop extremities actually .are tied .in underwarpwise spaced wefts and project upwardly. Suc'h construction in a fabric is also very .unique because the con ent on l loop pile fabric' does not consist of individual loops hav ing severed ends. The operation of the mechanism is positive and permits the relatively high speed production of a loop pile Axminster fabric without the use of pile wiresand without major rebuilding of the conventional Axminster loom.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. In an Axminster loom he sub-combin tion whi h comprises an oscillating reed, heddle frames for forming sheds with chain and stulfer warps, means for successively inserting filling wefts into he shed means for wiping pile yarns into the sheds, means for cutting pile yarns wiped into the shed, a lower comb movable from a position below the sheds to a position into and above the shed adjacent the fell of a fabric being woven, and an upper comb positioned above the fell, and means for directionally moving said upper comb to carry severed pile yarns downwardly around the back of the lower comb to form loops of uncu pile around i upp r comb.

2- Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 in which the upper comb comprises a body element secur d to a tran verse shaft, means for pivoting said shaft, and means for moving the shaft substantially parallel to the fell of the fabric.

3. In a loom for weaving an Axminster fabric, an upper comb mounted on a shaft positioned transversely above the fell of the fabricbeing woven, a guide for said shaft, bearing means between the shaft and the guide, a first cam for controlling rotation of said shaft on the bearing means, connecting mean b tw en i first cam and the shaft, a second cam for controlling linear movement of the shaft in the guide, and connecting means between said second and the shaft.

4. The method of weaving a loop pile Axminster fabri which comprises the steps of forming a first shed with at least two chain warps, wiping a series of pil Y r into said shed, inserting a filling weft into the shed in back of said pile Yarns, beating up the filling weft into the fell of the fabric and against the lower e remi ies of the pile yarns, maintaining the chain warps in the Same Shed P sition, severing all of th p e ya to predetermined lengths, holding the lower extremities of the pile yarns, folding over the severed pile yarn ends into the shed to form loops, reversing the chain warps to form a subsequent shed, inserting a filling weft said subsequent shed, and beating up said last-named filling weft into the fell of the fabric.

'5. The method of weaving a loop pile Axminster fabric which comprises the steps of forming .a first shed with at least two chain warps, wiping a .series of pile yarns into said shed, inserting a filling weft into the shed in .back of said pile yarns, beating up the filling weft into the fell of the fabric and against the :lower extremities of the pile yarns, maintaining the chain warps in the same shed position, severing all of the pile yarns ito predetermined lengths, holding the lower extremities of the pile yarns, folding over the severed pile yarn ends .into the shed to form loops, reversing the chain warps -to form a subsequent shed, inserting a filling weft in said subsequent shed, beating up said last-named filling weft into the fell of the fabric, and wiping up the severed end of each pile yarn around said last filling weft.

6. The method of weaving a loop pile Axminster fab ric which comprises the steps of forming a first shed with at least two chain warps, wiping a series of pile yarns into said shed, inserting a filling weft into the shed in back of said pile yarns, beating up the filling weft into the fell of'the fabric and against the lower extremities of .the pile yarns, wiping up the said lower extremities of the pile yarns around the first filling weft, maintaining the chain warps in .the same shed position, severing all of the pile yarns to predetermined lengths, holding the versing the chain warps to form a subsequent shed, in serting a filling weft in said subsequent shed, and beating up said last-named filling weft into the fell of the fabric.

7. The method of weaving a loop pile Axminster fabric which comprises the steps of forming a first shed with at least two chain warps, wiping a series of pile yarns into said shed, inserting a filling weft into the shed in back of said pile yarns, beating up the filling weft into the fell of the fabric and against the lower extremities of the pile yarns, wiping up the said lower extremities of the pile yarns around the first filling weft, maintaining the chain warps in the same shed position, inserting a second filling weft into said shed, beating up the said second filling weft, severing all of the pile yarns to predetermined lengths, holding the lower extremities of the pile yarns, folding over the severed pile yarn ends into the shed to form loops, reversing the chain warps to form a subsequent shed, inserting a third filling weft in said subsequent shed, beating up said third filling weft, and wiping up the severed ends around the third filling weft.

8. The method of weaving a loop pile Axminster fabric which comprises the steps of forming a first shed with at least two chain warps, wiping a series of pile yarns into said shed, inserting a filling weft into the shed in back of said pile yarns, beating up the filling weft into the fell of the fabric and against the lower extremities of the pile yarns, wiping up the said lower extremities of the pile yarns around the first filling weft, maintaining the chain warps in the same shed position, inserting a second filling weft into said shed, beating up the said second filling weft under said first cfilling weft and the pile yarn extremities, severing all of the pile yarns to predetermined lengths, holding the lower extremities of the pile yarns, folding over the severed pile yarn ends into the shed to form loops, reversing the chain warps to form a subsequent shed, inserting a third filling weft in said subsequent shed, beating up said third weft, and wiping up the severed ends around the third filling weft.

9. The method of weaving a loop pile Axminster fabric which comprises the steps of forming a first shed with at least two chain warps and a stulfer warp, wiping a series of pile yarns into said shed, inserting a filling weft into the shed in back of said pile yarns, beating up the filling weft into the fell of the fabric and against the lower extremities of the pile yarns, wiping up the said lower extremities of the pile yarns around the first filling weft, elevating the stutter warp while maintaining the chain warps in the same shed position, inserting a second filling weft into said shed, beating up the said second filling weft under said first filling weft and the pile yarn extremities, severing all of the pile yarns to predetermined lengths, holding the lower extremities of the pile yarns, folding over the severed pile yarns ends into the shed to form loops, reversing the chain warps to form a subsequent shed, inserting a third filling weft in said subsequent shed, beating up said third filling weft, and wiping up the severed ends around the third filling weft.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 288,267 Skinner Nov. 13, 1883 1,737,642 Clark Dec. 3, 1929 1,851,477 Alvord Mar. 29, 1932 1,927,810 Shaw et al. Sept. 19, 1933 1,944,121 Coyle Jan. 16, 1934 1,944,534 Underwood Ian. 23, 1934 1,968,003 Shaw et a1. July 24, 1934 1,990,674 Shuttleworth Feb. 12, 1935 2,010,115 Shuttleworth Aug. 6, 1935 2,804,096 Hughes Aug. 27, 1957

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