US2921220A - Pulse distributing devices - Google Patents
Pulse distributing devices Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2921220A US2921220A US633063A US63306357A US2921220A US 2921220 A US2921220 A US 2921220A US 633063 A US633063 A US 633063A US 63306357 A US63306357 A US 63306357A US 2921220 A US2921220 A US 2921220A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cathode
- washer
- pulse
- distributor
- washers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
- H04J3/02—Details
- H04J3/04—Distributors combined with modulators or demodulators
- H04J3/042—Distributors with electron or gas discharge tubes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J17/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode
- H01J17/38—Cold-cathode tubes
- H01J17/48—Cold-cathode tubes with more than one cathode or anode, e.g. sequence-discharge tube, counting tube, dekatron
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
- H03K5/15—Arrangements in which pulses are delivered at different times at several outputs, i.e. pulse distributors
- H03K5/15013—Arrangements in which pulses are delivered at different times at several outputs, i.e. pulse distributors with more than two outputs
- H03K5/15026—Arrangements in which pulses are delivered at different times at several outputs, i.e. pulse distributors with more than two outputs with asynchronously driven series connected output stages
- H03K5/1504—Arrangements in which pulses are delivered at different times at several outputs, i.e. pulse distributors with more than two outputs with asynchronously driven series connected output stages using a chain of active delay devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2893/00—Discharge tubes and lamps
- H01J2893/007—Sequential discharge tubes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to improved ste'p by-ste'p electrical pulse distributors of the kind wherein a series ofincoming" electrical pulses is applied incommon to all the distributing stages and wherein these stages are so interconnected as to automatically ensure a progression by one step of the activeoutput for each incoming" pulse.
- An object of the invention is' to so" provide a pulse distributor of the above specified kind capable of operating' at a very high speed to deliver at the outputs thereof current pulses of high values with respect to the current amplitude of the incoming pulses for instance the ratio of output to input" currents being of the order of 100 to I or evenhigher.
- A- further object of the invention is to provide a pulse distributor of such a kind and erformance which makes use of trio'de discharge paths as elementary stages thereof.
- a further object of the invention to provide a completely built-in structure" of such a pulse distributor.
- such a pulse distributor comprises 'in combination a plurality of separate discharge paths within gas or vapour, each path being determinated by a cathode, an anode and a control electrode, acommon battery supply for the anodes, separate output leads from the cathodes,- a common input wire for the control electrodes and separate coupling capacitors for connecting.
- the said control electrodes to such wire means for capacitively coupling the cathode of each path to the cathode of the next following path in the distributor sequence and means for resistively coupling the cathode of any path to the control electrode of the next following path in the said distributor sequence.
- such a pulse distributor is formed within a single vapour or gas vessel as an assembly of alternate cathode and dielectric coupling-element washers, a conducting rod acting as a common anode and a further rod bearing coaxial condenser couplings being transversely provided for acting as a combined common input wire, coupling condenser and control electrodes for the said cathodes and common anode rod.
- Fig. 1 shows graphs characteristic of a pulse distributor according to the invention
- Fig. 2 shows the electric scheme of the said pulse distributor
- Fig. 3 shows the construction of a preferred embodiment of a pulse distributor according to the invention.
- the pulse distributor comprises, Fig. 2, a plurality of vapour discharge paths I, II, III, IV each of which is defined by the combination of a cathode 2, an anode 3' and a control electrode 4, within an identical volume of gas 1.
- An output lead 11 is connected to each cathode 2. In the drawing it is shown as feeding a common output lead 12 through individual output leads 9. This arrangement ensures the connection of earth to each of the cathode leads 9.
- a common input rod or wire 10 receivesthe series of pulses such as' shown at E in Fig. 1..
- This seriestof pulses may or may not be of a fixed frequency, according to the purposes of the device. However, it will herein be assumed that the pulses are regularly spaced and applied to the wire 10 so that a distribution cycle occupies a time interval T.
- the distributor At the end of each set of N pulses, the distributor will be reset to a predetermined starting condition.
- the first pulse will the the first discharge path I, the second the discharge path II, and so forth.
- Each pulse at the output of a cathode will last a complete time interval between two actuating pulses.
- the graph of Fig. 1 is not quantitative.
- the amplitude of the output pulses is to be understood as being at least one hundred times the amplitudeof an input pulse. i
- the input lead 10' is capacitively" coupled, through condensers 6 to the control electrodes 4. mon anode lead 5 applies high voltage supply +HT to anode 3.
- the first control electrode is supplied with a DC. voltage from a voltage divider 13-14 supplied from the said +HT supply. Consequently the voltage ofthe control electrode will be-maintained at such a value that the first pulse will fire the first path I of the distributor. If, on the otherhand, the distributor was to be operated as a ring distributor, the control electrode of the first discharge path thereof will be connected to the cathode of the last discharge path thereof, in a similar way as are coupled any two successive cathodes and control electrodes in the distributor.
- Each cathode is coupled to the next following one by a capacitive coupling 7. It is further connected to the control electrode of the next discharge path through a resistance 8. When a pulse occurs at 10, the path which was ionized will be deionized as the next following path will become ionized.
- the last stage would remain activated at the end of the set of pulses. To prevent this a negative pulse is inserted between the positive pulses each time N positive pulses have been sent (N being the number of pulses in a cycle T). The last stage then serves only to ensure the return to rest of the N-l the discharge path;
- a pulse distributor according to the invention is made as follows: See Figs. 3a to 3 7
- Each one of the cathodes 2 is formed as an annular washer with two opposite extensions 16 and 17.
- the extension 17 is slotted to receive and grip an output connection 11 whenthe cathode is placed within the vessel 28 common to all the elements of the said tributor.
- slots are provided for the purpose of centering the washer within the vessel by means of insulating supporting rods within the vessel 28.
- a further slot is made for accommodation of a control electrode as will be later described.
- the material used for the cathode washers may be nickel, and the thickness may be about 1 millimetre.
- each cathode assembly is washers such as 18, shown in Fig. 3b and 23, shown in Fig. 30.
- Each washer may be of mica or ceramic material and for instance of about 7 to 8 microns in thickness.
- Each, of such washers also has the same extensions as the cathode washers.
- the washer 18 is provided with two such extension 19 and 20, the latter being slotted; the washer 23 is similarly provided with the extensions 24 and 25, the latter being slotted.
- a pair of such The" com- "washers are set between each pair of cathodes in the 'assembly.
- Both kinds of washers are perforated at their centers to support a common anode rod 3 passing therethrough. They are further perforated at 22 to receive the control .eieeoedeser the structure.
- the rod 3 may be made of iiickel. r In an illustrative example, this rod will have a diameter equal to 4.5 millimetres whereas the inner :diameter of the cathodes will be equalto 17 millimetres.
- On each insulating washer such as 18 is printed a resistance 8 connecting the cathode to the control electrode of the next following stage: actually this resistance is the resistance 8 of Fig. 2. This is quite feasible as in the concerned example, this resistance must be of the order of 300 kilohms, (120%).
- the res istance is established by depositing on the washer and along the path clearly shown in Fig. 3b a mixture containing 7 parts per weight of a silicon resin and 1 part ,of colloidal carbon. This paint will also cover the edge of the extension 19 of the washer 18. The washers are baked during three hours for instance at 220 C. until .the resistance is quite stabilized.
- the control electrodes are made thereupon as deposits of silver, 1 platinum or carbon and simultaneously constitute the condensers 6 of Fig. 1.
- the deposition maybe effected from a colloidal carbon suspension within isopropylic acid or alcohol.
- platinum is -used,.the deposition is effected from platinum tetrachloride.
- silver the deposition will be made fromamixture of powdered silver and glass flux which is heated thereafter. -In each case, it is easily feasible to I obtain such coupling capacities as requested,-viz. of the order of 400 picofarads.
- the assembly guided by means of insulating rods such '-as 30, of Fig. 3f, defines a plurality of discharge paths each of which has a Width equal to that of a cathode washer.
- the coaxial anode rod is spaced from the inner diameter of the cathode by about five times the spacingbetween the outer diameter of the cathode and the control electrode thereof.
- the assembly may be formed as follows: the rods 3 and 10 (this latter bearing the condensers and control electrodes) are first sealed in an insulating base 27, and a spacing washer 33 is positioned as shown to serve as ,an abutment surface for the further assembly. A first washer 1.8 is then put into place, then a washer 23, a cathode washer and so forth. The assembly is terminated by a cathode washer if the distributor is tobe of a straight line type or upon a washer 18 in the case of Ia ring distributor (not contacting the control electrode member but'connected to an output wire for connection thereof to the control electrode of the first stage). The piling will be guided by means of insulating rods such as 30, for instance also sealed in the base 27.
- a glass or ceramic tube 28 is passed over the assembly and sealed to the base plate 27.
- the tube 28 is slotted along j a portion thereof so that when sealed, a corresponding slot exists in front of the parts such as 172025 of the washers.
- Short rods or tabs are placed at 11 and the "slot is filled with athermosetting resin, for instance an ethoxylin resin.
- the resistive coating of the said washer Prior to the assembly, and immediately after the first washer has been put into place, the resistive coating of the said washer has been soldered to an output wire 15 sealed in the base plate 27.
- This first washer may be made, when required so as to have a resistive coating extending up to the anode rod so as to obtain the resistances 1314 of Fig. 2.
- the point of soldering of the wire 15 will then be so chosen as to provide a ground lead in such a case.
- the vessel After sealing the vessel, as herein above said, it is evacuated through 31 and thereafter filled with a gas such as helium under a pressure equal to several millimetres of mercury.
- a gas such as helium under a pressure equal to several millimetres of mercury.
- a small percentage of hydrogen of the order of 3 to 5% may be provided within the said helium atmosphere.
- a high speed distributor of electrical pulses comprising a single envelope containing an ionizable gas at low pressure and having enclosed therein a plurality of cathodes and cooperating anode means forming a plurality of separate discharge paths, said cathodes being in the form of a coaxial assembly of conductive washers, a pair of dielectric spacers interposed between each pair of cathode washers, said anode means comprising a common conducting rod extending coaxially through said .washers'and spacers, a second conductive rod extending through said washers and spacers eccentrically of the assembly and being coated with a dielectric layer, said second rod having spaced conductive coatings on the dielectric layer, the second rod forming a common pulse input lead, said coatings in cooperation with said second rod forming a plurality of spaced capacitors, said conductive coatings also forming control electrodes for the discharge paths, and a resistance connection between each cathode washer and an adjacent conductive coating.
- each cathode washer is slotted for accommodating without direct galvanic connection therebetween one of the cylindrical coating control electrodes and each of the dielectric washers which bears the said resistive film is perforated to receive one of the said cylindrical control electrode whilst ensuring an electric connection between the film and the control electrode.
- a pulse distributor according to claim 1 wherein a conductive film is made upon one of each pair of spacing dielectric washers of the assembly for constituting the interconnecting resistances from each cathode in the assembly to each following control electrode.
- each conductive film is made by deposition of colloidal carbon on both faces and the edge therebetween of an extension of the dielectric washer, the said coating being of the height of the radial dimension of a cathode washer on one face thereof and of a height sufficient for ensuring electrical connection to the sai control electrode on the other face thereof.
- each cathode washer has an extension which is slotted, a metal stub secured in the slot passing through the in- UNITED STATES PATENTS Sulating wall of the said envelope and acting as a cath- 2,443,407 Wales June 15, 1948 ode output lead therefor. 5 2,454,782 Rosa Nov. 30, 1948 8.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
- Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1042646X | 1956-01-25 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2921220A true US2921220A (en) | 1960-01-12 |
Family
ID=9590169
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US633063A Expired - Lifetime US2921220A (en) | 1956-01-25 | 1957-01-08 | Pulse distributing devices |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2921220A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE1042646B (fr) |
FR (1) | FR1141613A (fr) |
GB (1) | GB800591A (fr) |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2443407A (en) * | 1947-06-18 | 1948-06-15 | Jr Nathaniel B Walcs | Gaseous discharge device |
US2454782A (en) * | 1942-12-08 | 1948-11-30 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Adjustable expanded sweep for radar oscilloscopes |
US2524115A (en) * | 1943-12-27 | 1950-10-03 | Ncr Co | Electric control circuit |
US2633550A (en) * | 1951-02-03 | 1953-03-31 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Multicathode gaseous discharge device |
US2651006A (en) * | 1950-12-22 | 1953-09-01 | Underwood Corp | Counting ring utilizing cold cathode tubes |
US2687487A (en) * | 1952-10-21 | 1954-08-24 | Rca Corp | Multianode gas discharge device |
US2730658A (en) * | 1951-09-24 | 1956-01-10 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Circuit for counting pulses |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2375890A (en) * | 1943-12-11 | 1945-05-15 | Union Switch & Signal Co | Railway traffic controlling apparatus |
BE515155A (fr) * | 1951-10-30 |
-
1956
- 1956-01-25 FR FR1141613D patent/FR1141613A/fr not_active Expired
-
1957
- 1957-01-07 DE DES51846A patent/DE1042646B/de active Pending
- 1957-01-08 US US633063A patent/US2921220A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1957-01-23 GB GB2433/57A patent/GB800591A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2454782A (en) * | 1942-12-08 | 1948-11-30 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Adjustable expanded sweep for radar oscilloscopes |
US2524115A (en) * | 1943-12-27 | 1950-10-03 | Ncr Co | Electric control circuit |
US2443407A (en) * | 1947-06-18 | 1948-06-15 | Jr Nathaniel B Walcs | Gaseous discharge device |
US2651006A (en) * | 1950-12-22 | 1953-09-01 | Underwood Corp | Counting ring utilizing cold cathode tubes |
US2633550A (en) * | 1951-02-03 | 1953-03-31 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Multicathode gaseous discharge device |
US2730658A (en) * | 1951-09-24 | 1956-01-10 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Circuit for counting pulses |
US2687487A (en) * | 1952-10-21 | 1954-08-24 | Rca Corp | Multianode gas discharge device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR1141613A (fr) | 1957-09-04 |
GB800591A (en) | 1958-08-27 |
DE1042646B (de) | 1958-11-06 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US2443407A (en) | Gaseous discharge device | |
US2462336A (en) | Electric discharge device and method of operation | |
US2111710A (en) | Filter unit | |
US4287548A (en) | Surge voltage arrester with reduced minimum operating surge voltage | |
US3346783A (en) | Assembly of solid electrolytic capacitors | |
US2921220A (en) | Pulse distributing devices | |
US3818228A (en) | Field termination plates for charged particle analyzers | |
US2797348A (en) | Grid system for gaseous discharge device | |
US2147669A (en) | Secondary electron emitting electrode | |
US3612937A (en) | Low-pressure controlled discharge device with trigger electrode within hollow cathode | |
US2950408A (en) | Multi-gap collimation lens for use in direct-view storage tube | |
US2733115A (en) | Apparatus for evaporating chemicals | |
US2687496A (en) | Gaseous discharge register | |
US2833953A (en) | High voltage electron tube | |
US3013180A (en) | Magnetron device and system | |
US2767350A (en) | Gaseous counting tube | |
US1682457A (en) | Method of making resistance devices | |
US2653265A (en) | Gas-filled grid controlled electronic tube | |
US2981897A (en) | Electric discharge device and socket | |
US3295013A (en) | Electron tubes containing gas below critical pressure | |
US3175137A (en) | Capacitor with metallized electrodes | |
US1571257A (en) | Grid leak | |
US3141983A (en) | Flashtube socket assembly | |
US3075119A (en) | Glow-discharge indicator tube | |
GB951083A (fr) |