US2903654A - Partial conductors having a condenser interposed therebetween for reducing high tension disturbances - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 8, 1959 R. BARTENSTEIN 2,903,654

PARTIAL CONDUCTORS HAVING A CONDENSER INTERPOSED THEREBETWEEN FOR REDUCING HIGH TENSION DISTURBANCES Filed 001;. 10, 1955 REM/HOLD BARTENSTE/N ,4 I By a At fomays United States Patent 0 ice ' Patented Sept. 8, 1959 the fact that additional factors like atmospheric conditions also contribute to producing the aforementioned dis- 2,903,654

PARTIAL CONDUCTORS HAVING A CONDENSER INTERPOSED THEREBETWEEN FOR REDUCING HIGH TENSION DISTURBANCES Reinhold Bartenstein, Heidelberg, Germany Application October 10, "1955, Serial No. 539,563

Claims priority, application Germany October 15, 1954 5 Claims. (Cl. 333-12) The present invention relates to a device for reducing the disturbances of high tension lines caused relative to wireless and/ or wire transmission systems.

The object is to reduce the volume or rather the influence of both aforementioned disturbance fields.

It is known that whenever a certain field density on the surface of the conductors on high tension lines is exceeded, a gas discharge, known as corona effect, takes place. These gas discharges cause charge impulses which, being of varying size and duration extend over all conductors. The effect of such a gas discharge is comparable to a high frequency generator which sends out currents comprising a broad frequency scale. These frequencies lie also within the range of the wireless transmission systems-for instance of the radioand of the wire carrier frequency transmissionfor instance of the carrier frequency transmission over the high tension lines themselves for telephone or distant industrial installations.

The aforementioned charge impulses cause two electromagnetic disturbance fields, namely a symmetric field between the single phase conductors and an asymmetric field between the phase conductor and earth. Particularly disturbing is the asymmetric field, since it is received by wireless transmission receivers. Both fields are disturbing for carrier frequency transmissions on the high tension line, with the disturbance depending upon whether the receiver is located between the phase conductor and earth or between two phase conductors.

Several unsatisfactory attempts have been made in the art to reduce these disturbances.

It is known, for instance, that the corona effect depends upon the density of the electric field on the surface of the conductor, and accordingly attempts have been made to reduce the disturbances by increasing the diameter of the conductor and thus reducing the density of the electric field. Because of the accompanying undesirable increase in weight of the conductor it has been tried to employ hollow conductors. Even so, the increase in weight soon becomes prohibitive. Therefore this method of reducing the disturbances has proved to be unworkable, particularly with regard to high tension lines. For that reason, single conductor lines have been largely replaced by multiple conductor lines. Multiple or multiple wire conductor lines are composed of at least two and up to four wires instead of but one wire used by the singleconductor lines. The partial conductors or wires of the multiple conductor lines all belong to the same potential. The partial conductors must be so arranged and must so coact as to constitute one conductor. The partial conductors must have an unchangeable distance from one another and must be short-circuited relative to one another. This is accomplished by metal spacers arranged along the line at a distance of approximately 11 yards from each other.

While the surface of the conductor can be considerably increased by this known arrangement, the aforementioned disturbances have not been eliminated or at least reduced to a satisfactory degree. This is mainly due to turbances. For example, under certain atmospheric conditions the disturbances occur in spite of the fact that multiple conductor lines are employed.

It is the object of the present invention to provide for a device and a method reducing to a considerable extent the disturbances originating from high tension lines of wireless reception and wire transmission.

It is the particular object of the present invention to provide for a device and a method reducing to a considerable extent the disturbance originating from high tension lines of wireless reception and wire transmission, irrespective of the cause of the disturbance.

It is a particular object of the present invention to provide for a device and a method reducing to a, considerable extent the disturbances originating from high tension lines of wireless reception and wire transmission, and which disturbances are due to atmospheric conditions.

These objects are achieved and the deficiencies of the constructions known in the art are eliminated by the device of my invention, which is applied to the high tension line proper and thus removes or at least greatly reduces the above described disturbances at their source. According to the invention the asymmetric field between the conductor and earth is weakened by increasing the capacitance between the partial conductors of a multiple conductor line. This is accomplished by means of one or several condensers inserted between the partial conductors.

The invention can also be applied to single conductor lines, with a slight modification only. In this case it is first necessary to convert the single conductor line to a multiple conductor line by adding at least one partial conductor to the conductor already present. Thereupon one or several condensers can 'be inserted between the two or more partial conductors.

The invention will be better appreciated by the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.

The single figure is a schematic diagram of the electrical components in the invention.

In case of multiple wire conductor lines whose phase conductors consist, as is known, of two or more partial conductors, this invention increases the capacitance between these partial conductors by supplementing condensers. In case of single wire conductor lines, it proposes to add another conductor to the phase conductor and to increase the capacitance between these two conductors by adding condensers. The following statement assists in explaining the invention: the 50 Hz. potential of the high tension line acts only as a driving potential with regard to the gas discharges on the surface of the conductors. It can be disregarded in the further discussion; the charge occurrences are superposed relative to the 50 Hz. potential.

In order to explain the present invention as applied to single conductor lines, an overhead conductor 1, located on a sufliciently high 50 Hz. potential shall be considered, in which case brush discharges, for instance, originate on a discharge point, said discharges altering the charge condition of the charges in the earth, freed in the change of the 50 Hz. tension. At the moment when the charges bound on the line are freed, they discharge in direction to earth, whereby a field between conductor and earth is created.

If another conductor 2 is brought into this conductorearth arrangement, said conductor 2 being connected, like conductor 1, with earth for the 50 Hz. transmission, for instance, by means of a transformer winding, a countercharge is also generated on said conductor 2. Electromagnetic disturbance fields originate thus from the first conductor to earth and to the second conductor. As the sum of the charges equals zero and the fields are proportional to the single charges, the original disturbance field from one conductor to earth is subdivided into two disturbance fields from conductor 1 to earth and from conductor l to conductor 2. The original disturbance field between conductor 1 and earth, i.e., the substantially disturbing asymmetric field, has been weakened, and the disturbances of wireless transmission systems have been accordingly diminished. If the capacity between conductors 1 and 2 increased by inserting condensers, the volume of the asymmetric field can be further reduced.

The present invention as applied to multiple conductor lines is to be explained as follows:

When for instance a double wire, i.e., one phase conductor consisting of two conductors is considered without distance keepers representing metallic short circuits, we have the aforementioned arrangement, also shown in the drawing, of two conductors galvanically connected with earth by way of the transformer.

The arrangement consists, therefore, of conductors 1 and 2 and earth, The electromagnetic radiation field, caused by the above-mentioned currents, between conductor 1 and earth becomes smaller the more the capacity C increases. The natural capacity between partial conductors 1 and 2 is low; it cannot be altered for reasons of power transmission for instance by changing the distance of the partial conductors. It can, however, be increased by adding condensers between the partial conductors without influencing the dimensions necessary for the power transmission. Since there is hardly a difference in the 50 Hz. tension between the partial conductors of a phase conductor, condensers of low tension will suffice.

As has already been mentioned, it is a distinctive feature of the present invention to increase the capacitance between the two partial conductors by inserting condensers, so that the field between conductor and earth is weakened. The field of the charge then runs substantially between the partial conductors 1 and 2, and less between partial conductors 1 and earth. It is understood and natural that several discharge occurrences originate along such a phase conductor on both partial conductors; yet the sum of these occurrences is a superposition of the individual occurrences. If the line consists, as is normally the case, of three phase conductors, then for each partial conductor of a phase conductor are added, apart from the capacitance against earth, also the partial capacities to the other partial conductors of the further phase conductors. The fields between these conductors are equally weakened depending on theinpartial capacitance in proportion to the capacitance between the two pan'tal conductors of a phase conductor.

For the effect of the capacitance between the two partial conductors it is necessary that the distance keepers of multiple conductors, which are built in along the line for maintaining the distance between the partial conductors, are not arranged, as was customary heretofore, as metallic short circuits. According to the present invention they should be insulators or have a coefficient of resistance, which depends on the wave resistance of the conductor.

The described double conductor represents a quadrupole with an inductance as longitudinal resistance and capacitances as horizontal resistance. It is the connection of a deep gauge filter which, for frequencies beyond a certain limiting frequency, determined by longitudinal and horizontal resistances, represents a damping. The field bound to partial conductors 1 and 2 is thus limited with regard to its possible effect on other receivers and the disturbances on wire transmission receivers thereby reduced.

The described arrangement which refers to a phase conductor consisting of two partial conductors can, of course, also be applied for a multiple conductor consisting of several partial conductors. In the case of lines with one conductor as phase conductor, disturbances can be eliminated by complementing the line to become a bundle conductor and by interpolating condensers between these two conductors.

It will be understood that this invention is susceptible to modification in order to adapt it to different usages and conditions, and, accordingly, it is desired to comprehend such modifications within this invention as may fall within the scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

l. A transmission line having at least one conductor consisting of at least two partial conductors of the same phase and the same potential, and at least one condenser interposed between and electrically connected to said partial conductors, said condenser increasing the capacitance between said partial conductors and thereby reducing the disturbance of electric fields set up by the transmission line as compared to a similar transmission line but lacking said condenser.

2. A transmission line having at least one conductor consisting of at least two partial conductors which are arranged in parallel spaced relationship relative to each other and which are of the same phase and the same potential, a plurality of insulating spacers arranged between said partial conductors, and at least one condenser interposed between and electrically connected to said partial conductors, said condenser increasing the capacitance between said partial conductors and thereby reducing the disturbance of electric fields set up by the transmission line as compared to a similar transmission line but lacking said condenser.

3. A transmission line having at least one conductor consisting of at least two partial conductors of the same phase and the same potential, a plurality of insulating spacers arranged between said partial conductors, and at least one condenser interposed between and electrically connected to said partial conductors, said condenser increasing the capacitance between said partial conductors and thereby reducing the disturbance of electric fields set up by the transmission line as compared to a similar transmission line but lacking said condenser.

4. A transmission line as defined in claim 3 wherein said spacers have a resistance which is of the order of the characteristic impedance of said partial conductors.

5. A transmission line having at least one conductor consisting of at least two partial conductors of the same phase and the same potential, and spacer means interposed between said partial conductors, said spacer means being partly insulating and partly capacitative for increasing the capacitance between said partial conductors and thereby reducing the disturbance of electric fields set up by the transmission line as compared to a similar transmission line but lacking said partly insulating and partly capacitative spacer means.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,263,941 Schmidt Apr. 23, 1918 2,280,950. Harder Apr. 28, 1942 2,298,900 Peters Oct. 13, 1942 2,526,917 Wheeler et al. Oct. 24, 1950

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