US2855348A - Chromium plating - Google Patents
Chromium plating Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2855348A US2855348A US530640A US53064055A US2855348A US 2855348 A US2855348 A US 2855348A US 530640 A US530640 A US 530640A US 53064055 A US53064055 A US 53064055A US 2855348 A US2855348 A US 2855348A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- chromium
- acid
- zinc
- lead
- plating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 43
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 43
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 title claims description 43
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Chemical compound O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940107218 chromium Drugs 0.000 description 39
- 235000012721 chromium Nutrition 0.000 description 39
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WMYWOWFOOVUPFY-UHFFFAOYSA-L dihydroxy(dioxo)chromium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.O[Cr](O)(=O)=O WMYWOWFOOVUPFY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Perchloroethylene Chemical group ClC(Cl)=C(Cl)Cl CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical group ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- HOPSCVCBEOCPJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N carboxymethyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CC(O)=O HOPSCVCBEOCPJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroethylene Natural products ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
Definitions
- the invention relates tochromium plating, and is more particularly concerned with the conditioning or special preparation of an object of" zinc or lead or their respective alloys to provide a direct'and tightly adherent bond between the deposit of chromium and the zinc or lead object.
- the main object of the present invention is to condition the surface of objects of zinc or lead or their alloys to permit the direct plating with chromium in a manner which will furnish a strongly adherent bond between the chromium deposit and the underlying zinc or lead. After conditioning the base metal in accordance with my invention, the chromium deposit is so strongly adherent that it will not peel or flake, though subjected to severe mechanical distortion. 7
- Another object of the invention is to condition the zinc or lead object in a manner which will permit the direct deposition of hard, dense, malleable chromium from standard hard chromium plating baths to furnish a deposit suitable for the rigid applications encountered in engineering use.
- the invention contemplates preliminarily treating objects of commercially pure zinc, zinc base alloy die castings or any alloy of zinc, prior to chromium plating.
- the invention is also applicable to commercially pure lead and lead alloys, such as type metal which contains lead, tin and antimony.
- the terms zinc and lead as hereinafter used in the specifications and claims is intended to include both the commercially pure metals and alloys of these metals which are predominantly zinc or lead.
- the zinc or lead object is first degreased and cleaned by any suitable or conventional practices.
- the object may be degreased in trichloroethylene or perchloroethylene, and after degreasing may be cleaned in a hot caustic soda solution, and then rinsed in cold water.
- the object is subjected to treatment, as by immersion, in a solution comprising chromic acid, phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid.
- the conditioning solution preferably contains substantially equal amounts of phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid.
- the solution is prepared by dissolving approximately 40 ounces of chromic acid in approximately 1000 cc. of phosphoric acid. Suitable ranges of chromic acid and phosphoric acid are 36 to 44 ounces of the former and 800 to 1200' cc. of the latter.
- Orthophosphoric acid having a concentration of %, is preferred.
- the chromic acid is thoroughly stirred into the phosphoric acid.
- hydrochloric acid is very slowly, added to the chromic acid-phosphoric acid solution.
- the hydrochloric acid may be of any suitable concentration. It is preferred to use approximately 900 cc. of concentrated or 36% hydrochloric acid. A suitable range is 700 to 1100 cc. Great caution must be exercised in adding the hydrochloric acid to the chromic acid-phosphoric acid mixture for the reaction is extremely violent. After. adding the hydrochloric acid very slowly, the solution is allowed to stand for at least 24 hours under a hood. The fumes are highly toxic.
- the above-described solution may be subjected to an electrolytic cook for a period of four (4) hours under a voltage of four (4) volts.
- a zinc or lead object is immersed in the chromic acidphosphoric acid-hydrochloric acid solution. described above without any current being applied. In two (2) minutes or slightly longer, gassingoccurs and the object turns a pale yellowish color. The object is then removed and thoroughly rinsed incold'water, and is now ready for placement in the chromium plating tank.
- a zinc or lead object conditioned in the manner abovedescribed may be plate-d directly with chromium in any suitable commercial chromium plating bath.
- chromium plating bath which has been found to be particularly suitable is one containing 33 ounces per gallon of chromic acid and 0.33 ounce of sulphate in the form of sulphuric acid.
- the bath is maintained at a temperature of approximately 132 F. and a current density of approximately 3 amps./ sq. in. is used. It is preferred to put the zinc or lead object in the bath for 10 to 15 seconds with the current off before beginning plating.
- Another standard hard chromium plating bath which is suitable is a 54 ounce per gallon solution with the temperature and current density conditions described in ASTM standard, designation B 177-49.
- Zinc or lead objects conditioned for plating and plated in the manner above-described provide hard, dense and malleable chromium deposits which will not flake or peel.
- the chromium deposit is so tightly adherent to the underlying zinc or lead that the object may be severely distorted by bending or hammering without breaking away of the plate.
- a method of chromium plating a metal object selected from the group consisting of zinc and lead comprising treating the object with a solution consisting essentially of chromic acid, phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid in the proportions of approximately 36 to 44 ounces of chromic acid, 800 to 1200 cc. of 85% orthophosphoric acid and 700 to 1100 cc. of concentrated hydrochloric acid, rinsing, placing the object in a chromium electroplating bath, and electroplating with chro mium.
- a method of chromium plating a metal object selected from the group consisting of zinc and lead comprising treating the object with a solution consisting essentially of chromic acid, phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acidin the proportion of approximately 40 ounces of chromic acid, 1000 cc. of 85% orthophosphoric acid and 900 cc. of concentrated hydrochloric acid, rinsing, placing the object in a chromium electroplating bath, and electroplating with chromium. 3.
- a method of plating a metal object selected from the group consisting of Zinc and lead with hard, dense, malleable chromium from a standard hard chromium plating bath comprising treating the object with a solution consisting essentially of chromic acid, phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid in the proportions of approximately 36 to 44 ounces of chromic acid, 800 to 1200 cc. of 85% orthophosphoric acid and 700 to 1100 cc. of concentrated hydrochloric acid for a period of not less than two (2) minutes, rinsing, placing the object in a standard hard chromium electroplating bath for a short 4 period with the current ofi, and electroplating with chromium.
- a solution for preparing a metal object selected from the group consisting of Zinc and lead for direct plating with chromium said solution consisting essentially of chromic acid, phosphoric acid, and hydrochloric acid in the proportions of approximately ounces of chromic acid, 1000 cc. of orthophosphoric acid and 900 cc. of concentrated hydrochloric acid.
Description
United States Patent CHROMIUM PLATING Paul J. Topelian, Newark, N. J., assignor to Tiarco Corporation, Newark, N. J.,.a corporation of New Jersey No Drawing. Application August 25, 1955 Serial No. 530,640
6 Claims. (Cl; 204 -29) The invention relates tochromium plating, and is more particularly concerned with the conditioning or special preparation of an object of" zinc or lead or their respective alloys to provide a direct'and tightly adherent bond between the deposit of chromium and the zinc or lead object.
Various methods have been. proposed for plating articles of zinc or lead or their alloys with chromium. These metals have been initially plated with one or more metals, other thanchromium, prior to plating with chromium to obtain adequate adherence of the chromium deposit. Zinc and lead objects have been subjected to the action of etching solutions prior to platingwith chromium; Such methods have generally required the deposition of chromium from solutions of special composition, and/or uncommon relationships of temperature, current density and cathode to anode ratios. Even so, the zinc or lead object has been plated with a metal such as nickel prior to chromium plating.
The main object of the present invention is to condition the surface of objects of zinc or lead or their alloys to permit the direct plating with chromium in a manner which will furnish a strongly adherent bond between the chromium deposit and the underlying zinc or lead. After conditioning the base metal in accordance with my invention, the chromium deposit is so strongly adherent that it will not peel or flake, though subjected to severe mechanical distortion. 7
Another object of the invention is to condition the zinc or lead object in a manner which will permit the direct deposition of hard, dense, malleable chromium from standard hard chromium plating baths to furnish a deposit suitable for the rigid applications encountered in engineering use.
The invention contemplates preliminarily treating objects of commercially pure zinc, zinc base alloy die castings or any alloy of zinc, prior to chromium plating. The invention is also applicable to commercially pure lead and lead alloys, such as type metal which contains lead, tin and antimony. The terms zinc and lead as hereinafter used in the specifications and claims is intended to include both the commercially pure metals and alloys of these metals which are predominantly zinc or lead.
Other objects and advantages of my invention will be apparent from the following detailed description.
In accordance with my invention, the zinc or lead object is first degreased and cleaned by any suitable or conventional practices. The object may be degreased in trichloroethylene or perchloroethylene, and after degreasing may be cleaned in a hot caustic soda solution, and then rinsed in cold water.
To condition the zinc or lead object for the direct deposition of an adherent chromium plate, the object is subjected to treatment, as by immersion, in a solution comprising chromic acid, phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid. The conditioning solution preferably contains substantially equal amounts of phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid. The solution is prepared by dissolving approximately 40 ounces of chromic acid in approximately 1000 cc. of phosphoric acid. Suitable ranges of chromic acid and phosphoric acid are 36 to 44 ounces of the former and 800 to 1200' cc. of the latter. Orthophosphoric acid, having a concentration of %,,is preferred. The chromic acid is thoroughly stirred into the phosphoric acid. Thereafter, hydrochloric acid is very slowly, added to the chromic acid-phosphoric acid solution. The hydrochloric acid may be of any suitable concentration. It is preferred to use approximately 900 cc. of concentrated or 36% hydrochloric acid. A suitable range is 700 to 1100 cc. Great caution must be exercised in adding the hydrochloric acid to the chromic acid-phosphoric acid mixture for the reaction is extremely violent. After. adding the hydrochloric acid very slowly, the solution is allowed to stand for at least 24 hours under a hood. The fumes are highly toxic.
The above-described solution may be subjected to an electrolytic cook for a period of four (4) hours under a voltage of four (4) volts.
A zinc or lead object is immersed in the chromic acidphosphoric acid-hydrochloric acid solution. described above without any current being applied. In two (2) minutes or slightly longer, gassingoccurs and the object turns a pale yellowish color. The object is then removed and thoroughly rinsed incold'water, and is now ready for placement in the chromium plating tank.
A zinc or lead object conditioned in the manner abovedescribed may be plate-d directly with chromium in any suitable commercial chromium plating bath. To best realize the advantages of my invention, it is preferred to deposit a hard, dense, malleable deposit of chromium suitable for engineering use. A chromium plating bath which has been found to be particularly suitable is one containing 33 ounces per gallon of chromic acid and 0.33 ounce of sulphate in the form of sulphuric acid. The bath is maintained at a temperature of approximately 132 F. and a current density of approximately 3 amps./ sq. in. is used. It is preferred to put the zinc or lead object in the bath for 10 to 15 seconds with the current off before beginning plating.
Another standard hard chromium plating bath which is suitable is a 54 ounce per gallon solution with the temperature and current density conditions described in ASTM standard, designation B 177-49.
Zinc or lead objects conditioned for plating and plated in the manner above-described provide hard, dense and malleable chromium deposits which will not flake or peel. The chromium deposit is so tightly adherent to the underlying zinc or lead that the object may be severely distorted by bending or hammering without breaking away of the plate.
It is believed that the novel conditioning solution, and method of conditioning and chromium plating of zinc and lead, as Well as the advantages thereof, will be apparent from the foregoing detailed description, and it will also be apparent that while the invention has been described in its preferred form, changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as sought to be defined in the following claims.
I claim:
1. A method of chromium plating a metal object selected from the group consisting of zinc and lead comprising treating the object with a solution consisting essentially of chromic acid, phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid in the proportions of approximately 36 to 44 ounces of chromic acid, 800 to 1200 cc. of 85% orthophosphoric acid and 700 to 1100 cc. of concentrated hydrochloric acid, rinsing, placing the object in a chromium electroplating bath, and electroplating with chro mium.
2. A method of chromium plating a metal object selected from the group consisting of zinc and lead comprising treating the object with a solution consisting essentially of chromic acid, phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acidin the proportion of approximately 40 ounces of chromic acid, 1000 cc. of 85% orthophosphoric acid and 900 cc. of concentrated hydrochloric acid, rinsing, placing the object in a chromium electroplating bath, and electroplating with chromium. 3. A method of chromium plating a metal object selected from the group consisting of zinc and lead compring treating the object with a solution consisting essentially of chromic acid, phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid in the proportions of approximately 36 to 44 ounces of chromic acid, 800 to 1200 cc. of 85 orthophosphoric acid and 700 to 1100 cc. of concentrated hydrochloric acid for a period of not less than two (2) minutes, rinsing, placing the object in a chromium electroplating bath for a short period with the current off, and electroplating with chromium.
4. A method of plating a metal object selected from the group consisting of Zinc and lead with hard, dense, malleable chromium from a standard hard chromium plating bath comprising treating the object with a solution consisting essentially of chromic acid, phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid in the proportions of approximately 36 to 44 ounces of chromic acid, 800 to 1200 cc. of 85% orthophosphoric acid and 700 to 1100 cc. of concentrated hydrochloric acid for a period of not less than two (2) minutes, rinsing, placing the object in a standard hard chromium electroplating bath for a short 4 period with the current ofi, and electroplating with chromium.
5. A solution for preparing a metal object selected from the group consisting of zinc and lead for direct plating With chromium, said solution consisting essentially of chromic acid, phosphoric acid, and hydrochloric acid in the proportions of approximately 36 to 44 ounces of chromic acid, 800 to 1200 cc. of 85% orthophosphoric acid and 700 to 1100 cc. of concentrated hydrochloric acid.
6. A solution for preparing a metal object selected from the group consisting of Zinc and lead for direct plating with chromium, said solution consisting essentially of chromic acid, phosphoric acid, and hydrochloric acid in the proportions of approximately ounces of chromic acid, 1000 cc. of orthophosphoric acid and 900 cc. of concentrated hydrochloric acid.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,774,269 Haveisen Aug. 26, 1930 2,127,640 Brown et al Aug. 23, 1938 2,497,905 Ostrander Feb. 21, 1950 2,559,812 Watson July 10, 1951 FOREIGN PATENTS 22,855 Great Britain Dec. 31, 1891 22,856 Great Britain Dec. 31, 1891 308,771 Great Britain Jan. 9, 1930 738,236 Great Britain Oct. 12, 1955
Claims (1)
1. A METHOD OF CHROMIUM PLATING A METAL OBJECT SE-LECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ZINC AND LEAD COMPRISING TREATING THE OBJECT WITH A SOLUTION CONSISTINGG ESSENTIALLY OF CHROMIC ACID, PHOSPHORIC ACID AND HYDROCHLORIC ACID IN THE PROPORTIONS OF APPROXIMATELY 36 TO 44 OUNCES OF CHROMIC ACID, 800 TO 1200CC. OF 85% ORTHOPHOSPHORIC ACID AND 700 TO 1100CC. OF CONCENTRATEDD HYDROCHLORIC ACID, RINSING, PLACING THE OBJECT IN A CHROMIUM ELECTROPLATING BATH, AND ELECTROPLATING WITH CHROMIUM.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US530640A US2855348A (en) | 1955-08-25 | 1955-08-25 | Chromium plating |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US530640A US2855348A (en) | 1955-08-25 | 1955-08-25 | Chromium plating |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2855348A true US2855348A (en) | 1958-10-07 |
Family
ID=24114389
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US530640A Expired - Lifetime US2855348A (en) | 1955-08-25 | 1955-08-25 | Chromium plating |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2855348A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2357664A1 (en) * | 1976-07-06 | 1978-02-03 | Iosso Richard | WEAR RESISTANT ZINC OBJECTS AND THEIR MANUFACTURING PROCESS |
| US4604271A (en) * | 1985-09-30 | 1986-08-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Magnesium borohydride diammoniate and triammoniate |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB308771A (en) * | 1928-03-29 | 1930-01-09 | Ternstedt Mfg Co | Improvements in or relating to chromium plating and baths therefor |
| US1774269A (en) * | 1929-05-10 | 1930-08-26 | Metals Prot Corp | Plating process |
| US2127640A (en) * | 1936-01-07 | 1938-08-23 | Western Electric Co | Method of chromium plating |
| US2497905A (en) * | 1945-03-03 | 1950-02-21 | Rheem Mfg Co | Coating zinc or cadmium to impart corrosion and abrasion resistance |
| US2559812A (en) * | 1949-01-25 | 1951-07-10 | Tennessee Coal Iron And Railro | Solution and method for coating zinc surfaces |
| GB738236A (en) * | 1952-09-22 | 1955-10-12 | Gen Motors Corp | Improvements in the deposition of chromium on antimony or antimony alloy surfaces |
-
1955
- 1955-08-25 US US530640A patent/US2855348A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB308771A (en) * | 1928-03-29 | 1930-01-09 | Ternstedt Mfg Co | Improvements in or relating to chromium plating and baths therefor |
| US1774269A (en) * | 1929-05-10 | 1930-08-26 | Metals Prot Corp | Plating process |
| US2127640A (en) * | 1936-01-07 | 1938-08-23 | Western Electric Co | Method of chromium plating |
| US2497905A (en) * | 1945-03-03 | 1950-02-21 | Rheem Mfg Co | Coating zinc or cadmium to impart corrosion and abrasion resistance |
| US2559812A (en) * | 1949-01-25 | 1951-07-10 | Tennessee Coal Iron And Railro | Solution and method for coating zinc surfaces |
| GB738236A (en) * | 1952-09-22 | 1955-10-12 | Gen Motors Corp | Improvements in the deposition of chromium on antimony or antimony alloy surfaces |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2357664A1 (en) * | 1976-07-06 | 1978-02-03 | Iosso Richard | WEAR RESISTANT ZINC OBJECTS AND THEIR MANUFACTURING PROCESS |
| US4095014A (en) * | 1976-07-06 | 1978-06-13 | Iosso Richard Christ | Wear-resistant zinc articles |
| US4604271A (en) * | 1985-09-30 | 1986-08-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Magnesium borohydride diammoniate and triammoniate |
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