US2840117A - Method of selvage and seam manufacture and products thereof - Google Patents

Description

June 24, 1958 'r. M. SCRUGGS METHOD OF SELVAGE AND SEAM MANUFACTURE AND PRODUCTS THEREOF Filed May 21, 1954 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 June 24, 1958 SCRUGGS 2,840,117

'T.M. METHOD OF SELVAGE AND SEAM MANUFACTURE AND PRODUCTS THEREOF Filed May 21, 1954 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIGB.

United States Patent METHOD OF SELVAGE AND SEAM MANUFAC- TURE AND PRODUCTS THEREOF Application May 21, 1954, Serial No. 431,513

6 Claims. (Cl. 139-383) This invention relates to a method of selvage and seam manufacture and to the resulting selvage and seam for use on woven material, bags and the like.

Among the several objects of the invention may be noted the provision of an improved method of selvage and seam manufacture for woven web material which, after weaving, is split, folded and seamed to form bags; the provision of a selvage of the class described which lends itself to the production of preferred overstitch seams in bags which are neater in appearance and less bulky than those heretoforeemploy'ed'; and the provision of a selvage and seam of the class described which may be produced without costly changes in weaving, selvaging and seaming procedures. Other objectsand features will be in part apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter.

The invention accordingly comprises the elements and combinations of elements, steps and sequence of steps, features of construction and. manipulation, and arrangements of parts which will be exemplified in the structures and methods hereinafter described, and the scope of which will be indicated in the following claims.

others if found desirable), the width of the woven web is made twice that of the bag heights and the web is centrally separated or split along line CC, for example (but without limitation), at the time that any desired printing operations are performed upon the fabric. Each of the two separated portions of the web is then trans: versely severed or segmented along lines such as shown at DDand EE in Fig. 3. The result is a bag blank as illustrated in Fig. 3, which later is folded along a line such as indicated at F-F, to produce (after side and bottom seaming) a bag such as indicated in Fig. 4. The side and bottom seams are shown at 19 and 21, respectively. In the case of open-mesh material, conventional fiat seams at 19 and 21 are not as neat nor are they as satisfactory as the conventional overstitched type of seam illustrated. An overstitched seam is made by rolling over the adjacent margins and overstitching, the result being a strong and neat rolled edge. 7

It will be apparent that, when the separating cut is made at CC, the adjacent edge of the split portions of the web require selvaging, in order to prevent any adjacent warp strands 2 from slipping laterally from the filling strands 6. It may be observed that this problem is not so acute at the segmenting lines DD and EE (Fig. 3), because the filling strands 6 are not as prone to slip laterally from the crossed warp strand 2. Moreover,

fewer operations intervene between the time of the severing steps performed at DD, EE, and the completion of the bag, than occur after the splitting step along line CC. Thus dislocations are most prone to occur at the separation CC, rather than at DD or EE.

In the accompanying drawings, in which one of various possible embodiments of the invention is illustrated, Fig. 1' is a diagrammatic plan view of a web of openmesh woven material as it proceeds from a weaving process;

Fig. Zis a detail view of certain portions of Fig. l

' indicated within the dotted area 0 which is superimposed upon Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 isa plan view of a split and'severed blankproduced from the material shown inFig. 1;

Fig. 4 is aplan view of a finished bag, as produced from the blank shown in Fig.. 3; and, i

Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 2, illustrating the appearance ,of the type of selvage suchas would appear in the area 0' of Fig. 1 if it were made according to former practices.

Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several. views of the drawings.

Referring now more particularly to Fig. I, there is shown a fragment of a woven open-mesh web 1 as it proceeds from a room, for example from left to right. This consists of a longitudinal relatively high-strength warp 3 and a cross-woven transverse relatively highstrength ,filling 5. .These are woven-with marginal selvages at 7, 9, 11 and 13. In the case of a so-called leno weave, the filling 5 consists of single strands 6, and the warp Sconsists of double leno-woven strands 2, crossing over one another and on opposite sides enveloping and spacing the filling'strands 6. While any suitable type of yarn may be used for the strands 2 and 6, in the fabric under consideration they; are composed of spun or twisted paper yarn of sufficient strength for use of the material in bag constructions. Included also in the weave are draw tapes 15 and 17, which are put in as ususal by the loom.

For the smaller consumer-size open-mesh bags (and Fig. 5 diagrammatically shows how selvaging was formerly accomplished adjacent the separating line C C. Two warps 3, each consisting of two leno-woven strands, were closelybunched and a substantial amount of quick drying nitrocellulose lacquer 23 was applied bymeans of an applicator wheel and allowed to dry. This adhered the crossing strands 2 and 6. Thus, after splitting on line CC, there existed considerable bulk in the selvage, i. e'., each selvage consisted of four fairly thick strands of paper yarn and a band of a'considerable amount of dried nitrocellulose lacquer. Thus when the bag blank such as shown in Fig. 3 was folded over as illustrated in Fig. 4, the overstitched bottom seam 21 contained eight yarn strands and two elongate flat bands of lacquer. This considerably bulked the seam. To reduce such bulking is one purpose of my improvements The improvement is accomplished, as illustrated in Fig. 2, by eliminating from the loom which makes the web shown in Fig. 1 one of the marginal sets of warp strands 2 of Fig. 5. Then. a warp strand 25 is paired in the loom with each of the remaining marginal warp strands 2, four of the latter remaining. Each warp strand 25 is com-' preferably substantially smaller in diameter than its mated warp strands 2. The strands 25 are not required to be of high tensile strength since they are not intended to add to the main strength of the fabric. Weaving then proceeds as usual, thereby placing alongside of each warp strand "2 a coextensively woven thin cellulose acetate warpstrand '25, as indicated by the interlacing shown in Fig. 2. Before splitting on line CC, a solvent isapplied to the combined warp strands 2 and 25, fcrexample, by means of suitably placed applicator rollers. A suitable solvent is acetone, which is volatile. This partially dissolves or melts the strands 25 without completely doing so; The amount of strand dissolution is limitedbyftheamountbf acetone applied. In View of the sufficiently sm ai lamonfit and volatility of the acetone, it disappears before strands 25 iosethir'st'rand like characteristics. In order'to conk e'tories brother active of latent solvents to delay volatilizatio'n, which increases the dissolving period. When volatilization of the solvent is completed, no further dissolvingaetionoccurs- Thus for less dissolving action,

two warp elements on opposite sides of a warpwise line strong warp strands 2, with two of the weaker solventadhered relatively thin cellulose acetate strands 25. It .willbe noted that before application of the solvent to the cellulose acetate strands 25, they are not adherent, so that thelconventional weaving processis notinterfered with.

Moreover, after wetting by the solvent, with partial dissolution, adherence, and drying upon volatilization, the remaining strand portions 25 are again dry in the finished selvage.

It will be seen, in ,view of the'above, that finally there results a selvage adjacent line 'C-C (Fig. 3) which is lightand strong. The blank (Fig. 3) without raveling can then be converted to the bag (Fig. 4) by means of the overstitched seaming 19, 21. The resulting overstitched seam of the bag contains only four (instead of eight as formerly) of the usual warp strands 2, the remaining, four partially dissolved adherent cellulose acetate strands 25 being small in bulk.

" It will also be seen that the cellulose acetate strands 25 are examplesof any relatively thin strands 25 are examples of any relatively thin strands (interlaced or woven with the usual warp strands 2) of any substances which will behave as a subsequently hardening solute when contacted by a suitable volatile solvent, the volatility of the solvent limiting the dissolving action. The hardened solute forms a sufficiently strong adherence to prevent raveling under normal manipulations in completing bag manufacture. It will also be apparent that the substance of thewarpsl} and filling 5 may be any material appropriate to the desired fabric such asthe spun paper alreadyreferred to, cotton, wool, etcetera. Moreover, the sizeof the mesh of the fabric may be anything appropriate tothe use to which the fabric is put. However, the'invention, as is apparent, is particularly advantageous in the case of open-mesh fabric.

While the above description relates to a presently preferred form of the invention, it will be understood that various other strand materials may be employed with appropriate solvents, Also, the strands to be adhered may be composed of a thermoplastic material which may be caused to adhere by heating instead of application of a solvent. It will also be apparent that the strand to be adhered, whether solvent or thermoplastic, may be plied with the" paper yarn on the twisterthat forms the yarn in the case of the adhered marginal warp strands. It will also be understood that the acetate thermoplastic or other adherent strands can be paired with warp strands of weaves other than those of the particular form shown in the drawings.

In view of the above, it will be seen that the several objects of the invention are achieved and other advantagecus results attained.

- As various changes could be made in the above constructionsand methods without departing from the scope in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in 'a sense;

I claim:

on which the'web is to be cut includes two principal warp strands and at least one auxiliary strand of a material adapted for adhesion to the warp and filler strands of the web, said auxiliary strand being of a smaller diameter than said principal warp strands and being woven into the web coincident with one of said two principal warp strands so that it follows the same pattern as said one principal warp strand throughout the length of the web and lies contiguous to said one principal warp strand throughout the length of the strands.

2. A leno-woven open-mesh web in which each of the two warp elements on opposite sides of a warpwise line on which the web is to be cut includes two principal warp strands and two auxiliary strands of a material adapted for adhesion to the warp and filler strands of the web, each auxiliary strand being of a smaller diameter than said principal warp strands, one auxiliary strand being woven into the web coincident with one of said two principal warp strands so that it follows the same pattern as said one principal warp strand throughout the length of the web and lies contiguous to said one principal warp strand throughout the length of the strands, and the other auxiliary strand being woven into the web coincident with the other of the two principal warp strands so that it follows the same pattern as said other principal warp strand throughout the length of the Web and lies contiguous to said other principal warp strand throughout the length of the strands.

3. A leno-woven open-mesh web as set forth in claim 2 wherein said auxiliary strands are composed at least in part of a substance adapted to form a solute upon application of a volatile solvent, said solute being adapted to dry after volatilization of the solvent.

4. A lerio-woven open-mesh web as set forth in claim 2 wherein the auxiliary strands are composed of cellulose acetate. I

5. The methodof making an open-mesh web for use in making bags, comprising weaving an open-mesh web comprising warp and filler elements, the warp elements at least in a central portion of the web being leno woven and each including two principal warp strands, incorporating during the weaving in each of the two leno-warp elements on opposite sides of the center line ofv the web atleast one auxiliary strand of a material adapted for adhesion to the warp and filler strands of the web, said auxiliary strand being of a smaller diameter than said principal warp strands and being woven into the web .of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained I 1. A leno-woven open-mesh web in which each of coincident with one of said two principal warp strands so that it follows the same pattern as said one principal warp strand throughout the length of the web and lies contiguous to said one principal warp strand throughout the length of the strands, and subsequently slitting the web on its center line between the two warp elements which include the auxiliary strands.

6. An open-mesh web in which each of the two warp elements on opposite sides of a warpwise line on which the web is to be cut includes a principalwarp strand and an auxiliary strand of a material adapted for adhesion to the warp and filler strands of the web, said auxiliary strand being woven'into the web coincident with said principal warp strand so that it follows the same pat- References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,709,887 Sponholz Apr. 23, 1929 2,360,245 McFarlane Oct. 10, 1944 2,461,240

I Scruggs Feb. 8, 1949

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