US2825373A - Machine for making chips for paper pulp - Google Patents

Description

March 4, 1958 w. o. FORMAN 2,825,373

MACHINE FOR MAKING CHIPS FOR PAPER PULP 3 Sheets-Sheet l Filed Deo. l, 1955 l l l FIG.I

ATTORNEY March 4, 1958 w. o. FORMAN 2,825,373

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' MACHINE FOR MAKING CHIPS FOR PAPER PULP Filed Dec. l, 1955 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 aswj EJ) h) ,K y i INVENTOR y QV' l 2O4 WILLIAM O. FORMAN 28,/ 28h 24 f/f ATTORNEY United States Patent l 2,825,373 MACHINE FR G CHPS FOR PAPER PULP William rFormamiitchhurg, Mass. Application December 1, 1955,-Seral No. 550,400 Claims. (Cl. 1441-172) This invention relates to new and .improved machines for chipping wood into uniform fiber length pieces suitable-'for pulp making forfthe paper industry. One of Vithe principal objects of the invention is to utilize waste pieces-'of wood for this purpose. Many tons of treetops, mill edgings and slabs, ends of flooring, split and wooden -productsof lany nature, faulty sheets of veneer, and other waste are Vburned or otherwise uselessly dis- Yposed of daily,fand in fact disposition of such waste forms a problem of its own; yet, it is well recognized -th`attheforests are being depleted at a rate to cause great concern inthe industry. Much of the pulp wood -for the paper industry is imported at great expense, and each year the available forest for production of pulp diminishesand becomes more distant and harder to cut -and' transport.

Therefore, it would be clearly advantageous to make VYuse of the great waste tonnage for pulp-if this could be done, but heretofore it has not'been possible to so -process tops and oddrsizes and shapes of waste as to produce uniform fiber length chips capable of producing satisfactory pulp.

Y Machines have been made for making chips of waste Ybutin the past the chips produced have been so variable in fiber length as toV be useless for paper pulp. VShavings, excelsio'r', sawdust, cattle bedding, mulching,l etc. have all been successfully produced, Vbut these products do not'have the economic value Vof paper pulp and are comparatively easy to produce since exact liber length is not a consideration.

Also, the preparation of uniform pulp chips from reasonably uniform pulp logs is relatively uncomplicated and easy to accomplish, but the present problem is very different and much more difficult to solve. This invention presents the iirst solution to the problem, and together with the incorporation of -means to separate the bark from the chips, as disclosed in copendinggapplication Serial No. 508,228, tiled May 13,1955, forms -a complete unit to providel additional and cheaper supplies of wood chips for the paper pulp industry.

Another object of the invention is Ato provide a machine that will accomplish the results desired inV a simple and-effective manner without complicated and costly line feed, knife, and hopper adjustments, and in which the capital investment for the pulp maker is relatively small, so that those in the wood product industries in general will be encouraged to enter the pulp field and thus help themselves economically while helping to preserve the pulpforests.

A further vobject of the invention-resides in the provision of a machine of the class `described including a positive feed that will grip any size or shape of waste productand feed the same evenly and at a `desired predetermined uniform, controlled ratc to a high speedcylindrical rotary cutter, so that all chips cut will be the same in length, short Aend will be generally uniformly YYcut' with little variation even though not gripped by the ,feed device at the last inch or two oftravel, and all in which fice v'of the available cutterarea is -productive .in capacity and self-feeds -the said short ends;and -theprovision of a 'gear-driven iiuted V roll feedof af nature to grip all` small or large wasteA wood -pieestherebetween and travel Athe .appear hereinafter.

` Reference is 4to J-berlhad to -the accompanying drawings,

Fg. lis` a ytop plan view of a machine according'to the invention;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken online 2-2 of Fig. l;

Pig. 3 is a section `on lineY 3 3- offig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a view-sirnilar to Fig. 3 but taken through the lower feed rolls;

Figs. 5, 6 and 7 are=diagrammatic views illustrating the manner of feed of thick, thin, and irregular pieces;

Figs. 8 and 9 are diagrammatic views showing the methods of driving the work'feedl rolls;

Fig. 10 is a front -view of a modified roll; and

Fig. 1l is an end .view thereof, looking in the direction .of arrow 11 inFig. l0.

In carrying out the present, invention, one form thereof has been illustrated, Abut it is to be recognized that kthe invention may assume other formsvand constructions .knives indicated at 18, these knives extending longitudinally of the cutter-head at the.surface thereof and cooperating intheir cuttingaction with an adjustable bed knife 20 whichis mounted on a web 22 of a frame or support 24. This support in turn may be mounted as fdesired on the frame-work of the machine or on the floor. The bed-knife is adjustable Vvertically by means of a bolt-and-slot connection 26 and the cutter head in coaction with the bed-knife may be said to be substantially on the order of the relationship of these same parts in my patent application above identified.

It is to be appreciated that other types of cutter heads might be used in carrying out the invention, and the principal part of the .present invention resides in the construction and method of the feeding means for the waste pieces so as to control the speed of feed to the `cutting knives where `the uniform chips are positively produced.

The frame or support 24 which is of any construction desired but is preferably strong and heavy, provides support for a series of -heavy fluted rolls indicated at 28. These rolls are all positively driven at a predetermined, controlled rate of speed, and are mounted on Alisted parallel axes in the frame, forming a feed table for feeding workpieces to the cutter in conjunction with the like fluted upper rolls30 mounted in a bodily movable frame 32.

The frame 32 is preferably heavy and rugged and -assists the rolls 30 to positively grip and feed workpieces, regardless of shape or size, to the cutter, in combination with the lower feed rolls 28. All of the feed Yrolls are preferably made of heavy material and are provided withthe flutes as shown for the purpose described, i. e., tofeed the workV at a controlled rate.

' The fixed rolls '28 are journaled in bearings 34 located head, asis apparent in Fig. 2,l

iFig.r4 atZSb, and this. rollY is.

' same time shaft 62.moves with l frame 32 may be lifted while the- -directiou and alsoy 'in the framework 24 as shown in Fig. 4, and atthe 0p-V 'posite ends thereof, they are likewise journaled 1n bear- :ings Vat 36 and each is provided with a gear 38 driven `by intermediate*gears40. Gears 40 ofcourse provide for rotation of rolls 28 Vin a uniformy direction.

Y`irregularity or hump '10Q in it YAs shown, there are six of th ese rolls, but Vthis number Y .may rhe varied as desired or required andthe iirst three rolls atV the `intake side Vof the'. machine; 42raremore j Y widely spaced than .the .three Yrolls adjacent the cutter Thesame is true as to' thelsixrrollsrinfthe movable Y frame 32, and itis to be noted that the three more widely spaced rolls 30 are, `locatedhon an incline, Vso that. the' initial rolls 28a and 30a'are widely spaced in a vertical 'plane but .the last three pairs of driving .rolls'are closely spaced. This is fora reason 'that will appear herein' after; j e f 1..- .1.7

The las'troll ofthe fixed `roll series is indicated in Yshaft 46 having'a gear 48 at the end thereof in `mesh with a reduction gear 50 in'turn driven by gear 52,; the latter being'iixed to a jack shaftupon which is mounteda larger gear 54 in meshY with a gear 56, gear. 56` being mounted or is made integral therewith. Sincejshaft 14 is driven by the prime mover through pulley 1.6,iitwill be seen that this same power ispused'to drive Y.the iirstV Y rolls 28 which rotate in a clockwisedirectioninfig. 2,

and'the relation between jtherspeed of feedand Ythe speed of rotation of the cutters is easily predetermined.

At the Yopposite end of shaft.14, the same is provided with a gear S in mesh withV ajgear 60 .on 'a' shaft 62.

provided withan elongatedV mounted onshaft 14 upon which the` cutter-head is` Shaft 62 is journaledV in av plate or web 6.4 (see Fig. 3)

which forms a part ofa housing generally .indicated at 66. This housing isprovided with Van opening ati the inner side thereof thatreceives a fixed plate 68 tand is rotatably held thereto by meansof anannulafring T70 which voverlies Yan inwardly directed annular .ange 72 on thehousing. Thushousing 66 is oscillatable `about the axis of shaft 14, i. e. the cutter'. shaft, andV at the housing 66 .and carries with it.' the driven gear60.... f i l' Gear 60 is keyed to and rotatesahub 74 which drives another gear 76. .Gear.76

drives shaft 78 whichis Journaled at. S0gin the inner tion of frameworkV 32.

The .shaft 78 in :eflecty continues'aXially' through the Vfinal roll Stb and terminates in an extension 88,1'this being journaledin a ba'rrelor the likel90 formed on aplateor r Y Y Y wall of the housing 1.66. and Y also ina plate or frame member 821which.formsia"'por I Shaft '.78 drives the'inalroll `36h and also a gear traingenerally indicated at 84 which V.provides for driving of all Y K as seen in Fig. 3 are journaledrat their opposite ends Vin Ybearings .86 inthe opposite side of the framework32f vweb 92 whichy is oscillatablymounted about shaft .'14

as a center, Yon aV plate 94Vsurrounding shaft '14fand held in posrtlon'hy'an annular ring 96 Vsimilarly tothe' function of the annular ring 7 i The effect of the above'described construction 'is'that Ythe frame `372 Yfloats oris iioatinglymounted Vand pivots about the axis of iin-al roll 36h, ife. 'about'the axisrvof the shaft 7S. The housing'66 is oscillatable as described aboutV thev axis of shaftl14, and thuseither end'of the Y other `end ofthe'frarn'e staysV in position'. Frame 32 mayockVV ina fre-:and-aft any position between a bodily raisedrposition andfan Y inclined position 'in/eitherfthe foreor aftdirection.

The cutter Vhead-is preferably VVmade according l'toV my patent application aboveidlentiiied; aljdraS thrfpeces are fed into .it by Yth ejrollsw'pulpf indicated in`Fig. 2

. Vandinfthe diagramsjfigsy, 6 and7(,'are formed at'very fhigh speed andarethrown out'of the machine; i A.Referring `noyyrto1iig V5,' a workpiece'W which has an.

it rnayiiseV vertically, or i'tniayass'ume Ydesired length.y Y

and is being acted uponby the cutter as seen vin this figure.. The. housing is now tilted Vup to a fairly extreme degree Ybecause of the'reaction of the iinal roll 30b.

This isY clearly provided for because housing V66 aswell as frame 32 may move in a clockwise direction inFig. V 5 if forced to do so by. thework while feeding the sarneV at a fixed; predetermined ratevof speed to the cutter heady. ..1

Referrngnowvto -ig.- 6,itwill`be seenthat theirregularity E00 Yhas moved forwardly to an` extent where thev nal; .w11 30.12 .is @maximum height. and the: penultimate Yroll 30 now'rests. on ,ther irregularity v100, allowing the. frame .32 to start to tilt down. 'Y The housing 66 1s at,A

an even higher point than before, being caused tomove Vupwardly by reason of the said irregularity acting onV the iinal roll 30b. Y

'When libe .irre'sularitvltl .hasgpassed through; the

tutte; head. 0r.; Substantially. s0., the.. rollsv- 30V Ywill the.

of c ovursedesvcendunderrinfluence of gravity Yandrest V011Y the lnorefnniform portionqftheworkpiece atr102.V In

. the event that the ultimatevroll'v'-30b islraised as in-Fig.- 7A v by the V,large `workpiece asY shownu there, and the ensuing workpiece; Xi is relatively .narrowed orV thin likeV apiece of veneer-Jl the initiall roll 30arrwill descend upon the workpiece and feed'thegsame forwardly at the predetermined rate-of speedoflthe workpiece Ywhich is indicatedat Y, Y

even" though workpiece Y is so much greater in ,thickness Or'possibly has-.ahum in itisuch asffatilll-V It .wlllbe @een from. theYV abovetht. rcsrdlsssfithe Y' nature of the zwerkpiece; whether it isarnill edging,la VPiets Qfvnescitir; an irregulatlyhaped-.lgs 0r tre'etop:

with knots, etc., the uted rolls will cause lthe same Yto be fedv tol the cutterhead ana precisely uniform and predeterminedrate of speedgand thisfact ensures that allVV pieces of J workYY passingY .through I V the .machine Vwill be e saine length,-which ,isa requisiteY` chipped to exactly in the productiqlff.Satisfactoryipulp chips- The speed of the feed is easily and quickly changed by Vthe usefof any commercial-'speed change`r"or` l merely Vby v' Substituting` pairsvof jgearingras driven fromV shaft 114. Since the cutterrshaftidrives therfeed l1jo1l s,.the speed'rof feed is always constantly related Yto Vthe speed'rofV the cutter tion to mill wastes, wasted forest products are also usable Y in providing livrornrsatisfactory` paper pulp chips as contemplatedinthis invention.

'I heigeai'ing andpqwer drive.Y of thertrpresent construction-is essentially simple, krugged and fool'fproof, deriving Vfrom each side of the cutterheadrasiabove described.. r .The action of the oating frame 32 isjade'quate forallrV .purposes andis made uniform from'side-to-side, by the double constrnctionof the, oscillatable housing 66 and the web 92,7A and` thusanytendency towards twisting of 1 this frameby'lop-sided or uneven workpieces. is avoided.

while VstillY maintaining lthe Vprimary consideration ofexact juniformity of rate nf speed of the workpieces, regardless .,ofshapeorsize.. y 'Y Y. Y .y In the event of possible' side slipvof the work'when theV '..skame is very. smooth :material such as veneer log cores,

` Y the rollsv maybe vnotehedzas atk to preserve the exact vfeed-speed relationship described. f

The entire machine can be a1-ranged,Y at any desired .degree of inclination'rwith respect,tothehorizontal, but ,in any event the speedof feed of thdeworkpieces will stillY be the same withreference to the Speed Gffhe cutter'head,

the. work being firmly and positively Yheld by the heavy f'uted rolls cannot bounce Vnor be thrown .about while Y has enteredrthe; machineY Y varietlwhen necessary 'to Y `an ,exact being fed to the cutter head, nor can the Work become canted, thus obviating diieulties of prior art machines which gave non-uniform chip fiber lengths in cases where the work was not adequately and positively held.

It is also to be observed that the work is engaged by a cutter before the feed causes the work to engage the cutter head. The cutter may be set forwardly or outwardly in order to accomplish this purpose if necessary but this does not affect the fiber length of the chips, which depends on the rate of feed of the work and the speed of the cutter head. Also it is believed it will be clear that if the weight of the upper frame and rollers should not be sufficient as processing over large workpieces, to hold the work as stated, the upper roll frame may be springloaded or weighted in order to accomplish the desired result.

Having thus described my invention and the advantages thereof, I do not Wish to be limited to the details herein disclosed, otherwise than as set forth in the claims, but what I claim is:

l. A pulp wood chipping machine comprising a cylindrical cutter head, blades on the cutter head, a feed table leading to the cutter head, a set of iluted rolls ron the feed table, means to drive the rolls, a frame resting on the feed table, said frame being movable toward and away from the feed table, a set of uted rolls on the frame for cooperation with the rolls on the feed table, and means to drive the rolls on the frame to positively engage the work and feed the same at a uniform predetermined rate to the cutter head, said driving means including a second movable frame and a gear train therein, said gear train including a final gear connected to drive the rolls in the rst frame, the latter being pivotable about the axis of said nal gear.

2. A pulp wood chipping machine comprising a cylindrical cutter head, blades on the cutter head, a feed table leading to the cutter head, a set of uted rolls on the feed table, means to drive the rolls, a frame resting on the feed table, said frame being movable toward and away from the feed table, a set of uted rolls on the frame for cooperation with the rolls on the feed table, and means to drive the rolls on the frame to positively engage the work and feed the same at a uniform predetermined rate to the cutter head, said driving means including a second movable frame and a gear train therein, said gear train including a nal gear connected to drive the rolls in the first frame, the latter being pivotable about the axis of said final gear, and a rst gear in the gear train, said second frame being pivotable about the axis thereof.

3. A chipping machine to produce paper pulp chips from waste pieces of wood comprising a cylindrical cutter head, a cooperating bed-knife, a feed table in xed position in line with the bed-knife, a floating feed means above the feed table, means mounting the feed means for motion to and away from the feed table and for tilting in a foreand-aft direction, said floating feed means being relatively heavy and normally resting in substantial contact with the feed table, said feed means comprising a set of fiuted rolls and means to drive the rolls including a swingable gear train.

4. A pulp chipping machine comprising a cylindrical cutter head, a cutter blade thereon, means to rotate the cutter head, a work feed for the cutter head, means to drive the work feed, said work feed driving means being operatively connected to the cutter head for actuation thereby, said work feed including a pair of roll series, one superposed on the other, separate means driving each roll series from the cutter head, one roll series being driven at one end of the cutter head shaft and the other roll series being driven from the other end of the cutter head shaft.

5. A chipping machine to produce paper pulp chips from waste pieces of wood comprising a cylindrical cutter head, a cooperating bed-knife, a feed table in fixed position in line with the bed-knife, a floating feed means above the feed table, means mounting the feed means for motion to and away from the feed table and for tilting in a foreandaft direction, said floating feed means being relatively heavy and normally resting in substantial contact with the feed table, said feed means comprising a series of driven rolls and means to drive the rolls from the cutter head, the last-named means comprising a shaft floating with the feed means and means to drive the shaft.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 436,255 Moore Sept. 9, 1890 475,881 Merrill May 3l, 1892 2,652,077 Alexander Sept. l5, 1953 2,710,635 Alexander June 14, 1955

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