US2808540A - Gas or vapor discharge tube device - Google Patents

Gas or vapor discharge tube device Download PDF

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Publication number
US2808540A
US2808540A US495016A US49501655A US2808540A US 2808540 A US2808540 A US 2808540A US 495016 A US495016 A US 495016A US 49501655 A US49501655 A US 49501655A US 2808540 A US2808540 A US 2808540A
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winding
current
transformer
filament
tube
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Expired - Lifetime
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US495016A
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Moerkens Jozef Cornelis
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US Philips Corp
North American Philips Co Inc
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US Philips Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/16—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by dc or by low-frequency ac, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec ac, or with network frequencies
    • H05B41/20—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by dc or by low-frequency ac, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec ac, or with network frequencies having no starting switch
    • H05B41/23—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by dc or by low-frequency ac, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec ac, or with network frequencies having no starting switch for lamps not having an auxiliary starting electrode
    • H05B41/232—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by dc or by low-frequency ac, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec ac, or with network frequencies having no starting switch for lamps not having an auxiliary starting electrode for low-pressure lamps
    • H05B41/2325—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by dc or by low-frequency ac, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec ac, or with network frequencies having no starting switch for lamps not having an auxiliary starting electrode for low-pressure lamps provided with pre-heating electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S315/00—Electric lamp and discharge devices: systems
    • Y10S315/02—High frequency starting operation for fluorescent lamp

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electric discharge device circuit arrangement. More particularly, the invention relates to a device or circuit arrangement comprising a gas or vapor discharge tube, having two filament electrodes, which are connected to different windings of a filament current transformer.
  • the filament current circuit of one of the filament electrodes is interrupted, the discharge current circuit being, however, intact, the tube is capable of igniting with a cold filament electrode. This is harmful to the lifetime of the tube.
  • the invention has for its object the elimination of this disadvantage.
  • the filament current transformer is a stray transformer having a magnetic shunt, in which the filament current windings are arranged each on one side of the magnetic shunt.
  • the filament current circuits are interconnected magnetically by a coupling transformer, the no-load impedance of which is substantially greater than its full-load impedance.
  • reference numeral 1 designates a gas or vapor discharge tube, for example a 20 watt fluorescent lamp of about 60 cms. in length and about 3.5 cms. of inner diameter, this lamp absorbing, in normal operation, a current of about 0.37 ampere at a tube voltage of about 60 volts.
  • the tube 1 is connected to the secondary supplywinding (constituted by two parts 2-3 and 4-5) of a stray transformer 6, shown herein as an autotransformer, having a magnetic shunt 7.
  • the primary winding 2-8 of the transformer 6 is connected to an alternating voltage supply source 9-10 of for example 80 to 130 volts and 50 or 60 cycles per second frequency.
  • the point 8 of the primary winding is intended for higher values and the point 11 for lower values of the supply source voltage.
  • points lying between these points may be used for supply source voltage connection.
  • the part of the primary winding not employed may be omitted.
  • the part 2-3 represents the part of the secondary winding, coupled closely with the primary winding.
  • the part 4-5 of the secondary winding, arranged on the other side of the magnetic shunt 7, is the loosely coupled part of the secondary winding.
  • the tube 1 is provided with two filament electrodes 12 and 13, which are constituted by helical tungsten wires coated with a substance which is highly electron-emissive at a higher temperature.
  • the tube may be provided, on the inner side or on the outer side of the discharge vessel, with a conductive coating to facilitate the ignition.
  • the electrode 12 is connected in series with a winding
  • the electrode 13' is connected in series with a winding 17 of the coupling: transformer the transformer 6.
  • the filament current windings are located one on each: side of the magnetic shunt 7, so that the winding 2-18. is closely coupled with the primary winding and with the: part 2-3 of the secondary winding, and the winding; 5-16 is closely coupled with the part 4-5 of the sec:- ondary winding.
  • the electrodes 12 and 1 3 are rapidly heated to emissive temperature at a mean electrode voltage of about 10 volts and a mean filament current of about 0.4 ampere, since the resistance of tungsten is considerably lower at the ambient temperature than at the emissive temperature.
  • the tube ignites after about 0.7 second at the voltage of about volts of the secondary winding 2-3-4-5.
  • the other filament current circuit is traversed only by a low current.
  • the value of this low current is mainly determined by the impedance of the coupling transformer 15 in its zero load condition; this impedance is chosen to be so high that the filament current through the non-interrupted filament current circuit is only about 25 milliamperes. This current is insutficient for the filament electrode of the intact filament current circuit to assume the emissive temperature. Therefore in the case of an interruption of one of the filament current circuits, the tube cannot ignite.
  • the coupling transformer 15 was constructed as a shell transformer without air gap, having a core diameter of 12.8 x 20 mm. and 365 turns of copper wire of 0.25 mm. in diameter for each of the windings 14 and 17.
  • the zero load impedance of the coupling transformer at a connecting voltage of 24 volts was about 1000 ohms and the impedance at a connecting voltage of 15 volts and a secondary load current of 0.4 ampere was about 37 ohms.
  • the full load impedance of the coupling trans-- former is maintained in the filament current circuit con-- cerned, so that the overload of the associated filament current winding is comparatively low, a current of not.
  • the stray transformer 6 was constructed in the form of a shell transformer having a core diameter of 17 x 20 I mms., 1070 turns for the part 2-3 of the secondary windper wire of 0.3 mm. in diameter.
  • nections between ,thetube andthe points 2 and 5 respectively was about 0.44 ampere.
  • the currentacross the winding 14 or 17 of the coupling transformer 15 was about 0.135 ampere, the current through the Winding W 3 9 11 -filpamnere, the current through the winding part 18-3 aboutofizggmpere; lficthevcnrr'ent.
  • Wh le e nv nti n has; .beendescrihed thy means .of.
  • a circuit arrangement comprising an electric discharge device having first and second electrodes of filamentary type, a filament supply autotransformer having an input section and a plurality 'of output sections arranged on the core thereof and having a magnetic shunt interposed between said output sections, 'means for applying a voltage to said input section, an auxiliary trans former having a primary winding and a secondary winding, means for connecting one of said output sections, said primary winding and said first electrode in series 'circuit arrangement, means for connecting another of. said output sections separated from said one output section by said shunt; said secondary winding and said second electrode in series circuittarrangement, said auxiliary transformer having a no-load impedance substantially greater than its full load impedance whereby.

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  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

Description

1, 1957 J. c. MOERKENS 2,808,540
GAS VAPOR DISCHARGE TUBE DEVICE Filed March 17, 1.955
. INVENTOR JOZEF CORNELIS MOERKENS Qua AGEN GAS OR VAPOR DISCHARGE TUBE DEVICE Jozef Cornelis Moerkens, Eindhoven, Netherlands, as-
signor, by mesne assignments, to North American Philips Company, Inc., New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application March 17, 1955, Serial No. 495,016 Claims priority, application Netherlands April 1, 1954 2 Claims. (Cl. 315-98) The present invention relates to an electric discharge device circuit arrangement. More particularly, the invention relates to a device or circuit arrangement comprising a gas or vapor discharge tube, having two filament electrodes, which are connected to different windings of a filament current transformer.
If, for example due to an excessively high transition resistance between a tube holder contact and a tube contact, the filament current circuit of one of the filament electrodes is interrupted, the discharge current circuit being, however, intact, the tube is capable of igniting with a cold filament electrode. This is harmful to the lifetime of the tube.
The invention has for its object the elimination of this disadvantage.
According to the invention the filament current transformer is a stray transformer having a magnetic shunt, in which the filament current windings are arranged each on one side of the magnetic shunt. The filament current circuits are interconnected magnetically by a coupling transformer, the no-load impedance of which is substantially greater than its full-load impedance.
In order that the invention may be readily carried into effect, it will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which the single Figure is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the circuit arrangement of the present invention.
In the drawing, reference numeral 1 designates a gas or vapor discharge tube, for example a 20 watt fluorescent lamp of about 60 cms. in length and about 3.5 cms. of inner diameter, this lamp absorbing, in normal operation, a current of about 0.37 ampere at a tube voltage of about 60 volts.
The tube 1 is connected to the secondary supplywinding (constituted by two parts 2-3 and 4-5) of a stray transformer 6, shown herein as an autotransformer, having a magnetic shunt 7. The primary winding 2-8 of the transformer 6 is connected to an alternating voltage supply source 9-10 of for example 80 to 130 volts and 50 or 60 cycles per second frequency. The point 8 of the primary winding is intended for higher values and the point 11 for lower values of the supply source voltage.
If desired, points lying between these points may be used for supply source voltage connection. As an alternative, the part of the primary winding not employed may be omitted.
The part 2-3 represents the part of the secondary winding, coupled closely with the primary winding. The part 4-5 of the secondary winding, arranged on the other side of the magnetic shunt 7, is the loosely coupled part of the secondary winding.
The tube 1 is provided with two filament electrodes 12 and 13, which are constituted by helical tungsten wires coated with a substance which is highly electron-emissive at a higher temperature.
The tube may be provided, on the inner side or on the outer side of the discharge vessel, with a conductive coating to facilitate the ignition.
The electrode 12 is connected in series with a winding;'
14 of a coupling transformer 15 to a filament current: winding 5-16 of the transformer 6. The electrode 13' is connected in series with a winding 17 of the coupling: transformer the transformer 6.
The filament current windings are located one on each: side of the magnetic shunt 7, so that the winding 2-18. is closely coupled with the primary winding and with the: part 2-3 of the secondary winding, and the winding; 5-16 is closely coupled with the part 4-5 of the sec:- ondary winding.
If voltage is applied to the device in normal operation the electrodes 12 and 1 3 are rapidly heated to emissive temperature at a mean electrode voltage of about 10 volts and a mean filament current of about 0.4 ampere, since the resistance of tungsten is considerably lower at the ambient temperature than at the emissive temperature. The tube ignites after about 0.7 second at the voltage of about volts of the secondary winding 2-3-4-5.
If an interruption occurs in one of the filament current circuits, the other filament current circuit is traversed only by a low current. The value of this low current is mainly determined by the impedance of the coupling transformer 15 in its zero load condition; this impedance is chosen to be so high that the filament current through the non-interrupted filament current circuit is only about 25 milliamperes. This current is insutficient for the filament electrode of the intact filament current circuit to assume the emissive temperature. Therefore in the case of an interruption of one of the filament current circuits, the tube cannot ignite.
By way of example it is stated that the coupling transformer 15 was constructed as a shell transformer without air gap, having a core diameter of 12.8 x 20 mm. and 365 turns of copper wire of 0.25 mm. in diameter for each of the windings 14 and 17. The zero load impedance of the coupling transformer at a connecting voltage of 24 volts was about 1000 ohms and the impedance at a connecting voltage of 15 volts and a secondary load current of 0.4 ampere was about 37 ohms.
In the case of an interruption of one of the filament current circuits, the voltage of the corresponding filament current winding and, through the coupling transformer, the voltage of the other filament current winding, occur across this interruption, i. e. in an additive 1 sense. Due to the sum voltage thus occurring, the interruption is bridged more easily than, in the case of the omission of a coupling transformer, by means of thevoltage of only one filament current winding.
In the case of a short-circuit of one of the filament: electrodes, the full load impedance of the coupling trans-- former is maintained in the filament current circuit con-- cerned, so that the overload of the associated filament current winding is comparatively low, a current of not.
more than about 0.5 ampere occurring.
The stray transformer 6 was constructed in the form of a shell transformer having a core diameter of 17 x 20 I mms., 1070 turns for the part 2-3 of the secondary windper wire of 0.3 mm. in diameter.
mms. and an air gap of 2 x 0.1 mm.
After the ignition of the tube 1 the voltage across the secondary winding 2-3-4-5 was equal to the tube: voltage of about 60 volts; the current through the con--- 'Patented Oct. 1, 1957 15 to a filament current winding 2-18 of'.
nections between ,thetube andthe points 2 and 5 respectively was about 0.44 ampere. The currentacross the winding 14 or 17 of the coupling transformer 15 Was about 0.135 ampere, the current through the Winding W 3 9 11 -filpamnere, the current through the winding part 18-3 aboutofizggmpere; lficthevcnrr'ent.
93. 197-72 9.: f a rm-11 110010115 tandl 60 cyclesuper secend is connected to t13e. \3vinding1parti2-;+3';thei current absorption normal} ;0pra i( 1.1, is) abou'tJ0l675 .arnp'e're.
Wh le e nv nti n has; .beendescrihed thy means .of.
ge flc,.er mplesand-ina .specificl embodiment, I .do not wish to be limited thereto, for obvious modifications will c u o t ose .skilledinime art without d pa g second" said secondary winding oandiisaid second electrode in series circuit, f tangfiment, said. auxiliary transformer having a no -load impedance substantially greater than its full-load impedancenwhereby,interruption of urrent 119w to, eitherof said electrodes prevents ignition of said device, and means for applying an igniting potential to said electrodes.
2. A circuit arrangement comprising an electric discharge device having first and second electrodes of filamentary type, a filament supply autotransformer having an input section and a plurality 'of output sections arranged on the core thereof and having a magnetic shunt interposed between said output sections, 'means for applying a voltage to said input section, an auxiliary trans former having a primary winding and a secondary winding, means for connecting one of said output sections, said primary winding and said first electrode in series 'circuit arrangement, means for connecting another of. said output sections separated from said one output section by said shunt; said secondary winding and said second electrode in series circuittarrangement, said auxiliary transformer having a no-load impedance substantially greater than its full load impedance whereby. interruption of current flow to .either of said electrodes prevents igni tionof said device andime ans reic qnne'cungla' r said output sections to said 'applying an igniting potentialtheretol Ref renc s Cited n t e fil Q h satent UNITED sr -resrarnnrs 2,231,584 Lord Bela -11,1941 2,268,512 McCarthy Dec. 30, 1941' 2,284,407 Edwards May 26, i942
US495016A 1954-04-01 1955-03-17 Gas or vapor discharge tube device Expired - Lifetime US2808540A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3356891A (en) * 1965-06-02 1967-12-05 Accumulateurs Fixes Automatic substitution of a standby power source rendered operative only when the lamps are connected
US20060149530A1 (en) * 2002-09-20 2006-07-06 Werner Hemmert Circuit arrangement and signal processing device

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2231584A (en) * 1939-05-27 1941-02-11 Gen Electric Electric discharge apparatus
US2268512A (en) * 1940-10-26 1941-12-30 Hygrade Sylvania Corp Series lamp circuit
US2284407A (en) * 1939-05-27 1942-05-26 Gen Electric Vibrator inverter system

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2231584A (en) * 1939-05-27 1941-02-11 Gen Electric Electric discharge apparatus
US2284407A (en) * 1939-05-27 1942-05-26 Gen Electric Vibrator inverter system
US2268512A (en) * 1940-10-26 1941-12-30 Hygrade Sylvania Corp Series lamp circuit

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3356891A (en) * 1965-06-02 1967-12-05 Accumulateurs Fixes Automatic substitution of a standby power source rendered operative only when the lamps are connected
US20060149530A1 (en) * 2002-09-20 2006-07-06 Werner Hemmert Circuit arrangement and signal processing device
US7808335B2 (en) 2002-09-20 2010-10-05 Infineon Technologies Ag Circuit arrangement and signal processing device

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