US2806778A - Exothermic manganese addition agent - Google Patents
Exothermic manganese addition agent Download PDFInfo
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- US2806778A US2806778A US429363A US42936354A US2806778A US 2806778 A US2806778 A US 2806778A US 429363 A US429363 A US 429363A US 42936354 A US42936354 A US 42936354A US 2806778 A US2806778 A US 2806778A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- manganese
- exothermic
- ore
- silicon
- mixture
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- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 title claims description 65
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 64
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 59
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims description 17
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 28
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 27
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000161 steel melt Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910000720 Silicomanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910004534 SiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- PHQDUSKNEAKUGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicon(4+) pentanitrate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Si+4].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-] PHQDUSKNEAKUGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001370 Se alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010037844 rash Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000246 remedial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003625 skull Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/003—Making ferrous alloys making amorphous alloys
Definitions
- the big problem in adding manganese metal to a steel or cast iron bath is finding improved means for recovering manganese values in the melt.
- the addition of manganese in furnace baths is already a problem, a large and uncertain amount of the alloying element being lost as a result of oxidation.
- Ladle additions are more satisfactory, but further difliculty is encountered in adding manganese alloy because of the heat absorbed in dissolving the cold manganese addition. This absorption of heat by the manganese alloy addition reduces the temperature of the metallic bath, and the resulting temperature drop, if substantial enough, may in turn cause the segregation of important alloying ingredients. Such temperature drop will also increase skull formation.
- the usual exothermic mix consists essentially of an oxidizing agent, a reducing agent, and one or more alloying metals.
- a common oxidizing agent that is widely used is sodium nitrate, and the reducing agent is silicon.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a manganese-containing exothermic mix for a steel melt, the mix having a relatively high proportion of manganese content, and characterized by a more complete recovery of manganese than has heretofore been possible by the use of nonexothermic manganese addition agents.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide in an exothermic mixture including silicon and sodium nitrate, an oxidizing agent for facilitating the incorporation of manganese values in a steel melt, the mixture being capable of evolving sufficient heat for effecting rapid solution of the manganese early in the tap to promote uniform distribution therein.
- the present invention provides improved means for obviating the above defects. This is accomplished by including in the exothermic mixture a moderating agent to reduce the turbulent behavior of the exothermic reactants.
- the exothermic reaction mixture of the present invention comprises sodium nitrate as oxidant, silicon as reducing agent, one or more manganese alloy additions, and as a moderator, iron ore and manganese ore.
- silicon and the manganese content are present in the subject mixture as constituents of an alloy, for example, silico-manganese.
- the iron ore and manganese ore present in the subject mixture serve not only to reduce the turbulence of the exothermic reaction, but also serve in the capacity of oxidants for exothermic reaction with part of the silicon present in the mixture.
- some of the main exothermic reactions which account in large measure for the reduction in chill during the alloying operation:
- the above formulas are based upon the use of stoichiometric proportions of sodium nitrate, iron ore and manganese ore as oxidants, and, as reducing agent, silicon.
- the reducing agent is present in sufficient quantity to substantially reduce the sodium nitrate and the oxidic ores of iron and manganese in the mix.
- the oxides of manganese, iron and sodium, formed as a result of the above reactions, are believed to form complex compounds or solutions in the by-product silicabearing slag formed during the reaction.
- Combining the iron ore and manganese ore into the reaction mixture serves to utilize the accelerating effect of the iron ore for fast solution rate of the manganese addition and the excellent manganese recovery feature of the manganese ore.
- composition range of the reaction mixture embodying the principles of the present invention may be varied over a considerable range without impairing its exothermic prop erties. Best results are obtained when the percentages of the constituents of the instant exothermic mixture lie within the composition range listed below in Table II. The analysis of the constituents in Table II is typical.
- sodium nitrate is admixed with suificient amounts of silicomangane-se alloy, iron ore and manganese ore to produce an exothermic alloy addition agent containing at least 45% available manganese.
- the ingredients of the mixture are preferably of mesh size (i. e., capable of passing through a screen having 0.147 mm. openings), with the exception of the sodium nitrate which is of 48 mesh size (0.295 mm. openings).
- the mix of the invention may then be applied to the melt in either bonded or unbonded form.
- the addition agent is added in the form of pellets made by compacting the powdered mixture at approximately 2000 p. s. i. A slight amount of water may be added.
- An addition agent for a ferrous melt comprising 9.0% to 20.0% manganese ore, 2.0% to 9.0% iron ore, 10% to 20% sodium nitrate, remainder silicomanganese alloy, and characterized by fast solution rate, relatively high manganese recovery and relatively high exo thermicity.
- An addition agent for ferrous melt comprising 12% to 20% iron ore and manganese ore, the proportion of said manganese ore to said iron ore being between 2.5 to 1.0 and 6.0 to 1.0, 10% to 20% sodium nitrate, remainder silicomanganese, and characterized by relatively high manganese recovery in the melt, fast solution rate and relatively high exothermicity.
- An addition agent for a ferrous melt comprising 9.0% to 20% oxidic manganese ore, 2.0% to 9.0% oxidic iron ore, 10% to 20% sodium nitrate, remainder silicomanganese alloy, the proportion of said manganese ore to said iron ore being between 2.5 to 1.0 and 6.0 to 1.0.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Description
United States Patent Walter Crafts, Niagara Carbide (Iorporation,
No Drawing. Application May 12, 1954, Serial No. 429,363
3 Claims. (Cl. 75-27) Falls, N. Y., assignor to Union a corporation of New York This invention relates to improved exothermic reaction mixtures, and more particularly concerns exothermic manganese addition agents for a ferrous melt.
The big problem in adding manganese metal to a steel or cast iron bath is finding improved means for recovering manganese values in the melt. The addition of manganese in furnace baths is already a problem, a large and uncertain amount of the alloying element being lost as a result of oxidation. Ladle additions are more satisfactory, but further difliculty is encountered in adding manganese alloy because of the heat absorbed in dissolving the cold manganese addition. This absorption of heat by the manganese alloy addition reduces the temperature of the metallic bath, and the resulting temperature drop, if substantial enough, may in turn cause the segregation of important alloying ingredients. Such temperature drop will also increase skull formation.
It has been known for some time that the temperature drop that accompanies the addition of alloying elements to a steel melt may be reduced to an appreciable extent by the addition of reaction materials having exothermic properties. In the production of steel alloys using such materials, the usual practice is to add an exothermic mixture including the alloying materials to a steel or cast iron melt, and to so proportion the constituents of the exothermic mix that the heat generated is sufficient to substantially reduce the amount of chill that would otherwise result from such alloy addition. The usual exothermic mix consists essentially of an oxidizing agent, a reducing agent, and one or more alloying metals. A common oxidizing agent that is widely used is sodium nitrate, and the reducing agent is silicon.
One of the difiiculties inherent in a reaction mixture containing sodium nitrate as oxidizing agent, silicon as reducing agent, and an addition of manganese alloy is the violence of the exothermic reaction. The explosive nature of the exothermic reaction causes part of the manganese alloy content to be hurled outside the ladle and, as a consequence, reduces considerably the recovery of available manganese. And too, the heat of the reaction is dissipated to the atmosphere rather than transferred to the metal.
In order to improve the recovery of manganese values in a silicon-sodium nitrate exothermic mixture, control over the exothermic reaction is essential. To eifect this control, the violence of the exothermic reaction must be reduced. At the same time, the stabilization of the exothermic reaction must not proceed so far as to jeopardize the fulfillment of the exothermic function by either chilling the molten bath or decreasing the rate of dissolution of the manganese alloying addition.
It is, therefore, an important object of the present invention to introduce manganese additions to molten steel in the form of an exothermic mixture containing silicon and sodium nitrate to overcome the objectionable effects isted above, without reducing to any significant degree the rate of solution of the manganese addition, thereby elfecting maximum recovery of the manganese available in the exothermic mixture.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a manganese-containing exothermic mix for a steel melt, the mix having a relatively high proportion of manganese content, and characterized by a more complete recovery of manganese than has heretofore been possible by the use of nonexothermic manganese addition agents.
A further object of the present invention is to provide in an exothermic mixture including silicon and sodium nitrate, an oxidizing agent for facilitating the incorporation of manganese values in a steel melt, the mixture being capable of evolving sufficient heat for effecting rapid solution of the manganese early in the tap to promote uniform distribution therein.
In manganese addition agents containing silicon and sodium nitrate as exothermic reactants, the violence with which heat is released is undesirable, particularly in steel operations. The low recovery of available manganese in the exothermic mixture due to the turbulence of the exothermic reaction, and the hazardous conditions created thereby, are but some of the conditions that require remedial action. The present invention provides improved means for obviating the above defects. This is accomplished by including in the exothermic mixture a moderating agent to reduce the turbulent behavior of the exothermic reactants.
It has been found that the undesirably violent eruptions that take place upon the ignition of a reaction mixture of the silicon-sodium nitrate type in a steel bath may be substantially eliminated by introducing into the reaction mixture a moderating agent consisting of oxidic ores of iron and manganese, for example FezOs and M1102. Yet sufficiently rapid rates of reaction and of assimilation of the available manganese in the addition agent are maintained, and temperature drop due to the addition of the mixture is not excessive.
Accordingly, the exothermic reaction mixture of the present invention comprises sodium nitrate as oxidant, silicon as reducing agent, one or more manganese alloy additions, and as a moderator, iron ore and manganese ore. Preferably the silicon and the manganese content are present in the subject mixture as constituents of an alloy, for example, silico-manganese.
According to the present invention, the iron ore and manganese ore present in the subject mixture serve not only to reduce the turbulence of the exothermic reaction, but also serve in the capacity of oxidants for exothermic reaction with part of the silicon present in the mixture. Following are some of the main exothermic reactions which account in large measure for the reduction in chill during the alloying operation:
Other side reactions which also occur during ignition of the reaction mix, and which contribute to the exothermicity thereof are:
The above formulas are based upon the use of stoichiometric proportions of sodium nitrate, iron ore and manganese ore as oxidants, and, as reducing agent, silicon. Thereby, the reducing agent is present in sufficient quantity to substantially reduce the sodium nitrate and the oxidic ores of iron and manganese in the mix.
The oxides of manganese, iron and sodium, formed as a result of the above reactions, are believed to form complex compounds or solutions in the by-product silicabearing slag formed during the reaction.
In order that the invention may be more fully appreciat it may be noted at this point that exothermic reaction mixtures containing silicon, sodium nitrate and manganese behave dilferently when either iron ore or manganese ore is employed as the oxidic moderating agent. For instance, individual experiments show that while iron is successful in inhibiting the activity of the exothermic mixture, it is not altogether satisfactory from a standpoint of efliciency since much of the silicon is recovered in the steel melt. This might be due to only partial reaction of the iron ore with the silicon and reaction with the manganese as well since part of the manganese is oxidized and lost as slag, thereby depriving the steel of its intended alloying ingredient. n the other hand, manganese ore alone acts to improve beneficially the manganese recovery, with little or no silicon absorbed by the steel. However, the solution time of the manganese addition in the steel melt is lengthened.
Combining the iron ore and manganese ore into the reaction mixture serves to utilize the accelerating effect of the iron ore for fast solution rate of the manganese addition and the excellent manganese recovery feature of the manganese ore.
In order to indicate still more fully the nature of the present invention, results of tests showing the effects of manganese ore and iron ore, either individually or in combination with each other, in manganese addition agents containing silicomanganese and sodium nitrate are tabulated below in Table I, it being understood that these tests are presented as illustrative only, and that they are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The data reported in Table I are the results of a series of tests in which a suflicient quantity of manganese addition agent was added to a 100 pound bath of molten steel to raise the manganese content of the steel 1%, the bath being at a temperature of about 1600 C.
Table I Temper- Percent Percent Composition of Exonture Solution Indicated Indicated thermic Addition Agent Drop Time, Mon Silicon 0. seconds ganese Recovery Recovery 68.5% SiMn, 9% N eNOa, 22%
Mn ore 7 55 100 28 68.5% SiMn, 14% NaNO 17% Fe Ore, 0.5% Mogul Binder .t 7 74 47 68.5% SlMn, 14% NBNOs,
17% Mn ore 6 50 100 28 68.5% SlMn, 14% NaN 0;,
15% Mn ore, 2.5% Fe ore... 5 45 89 9 68.5% SlMn, 14% N aN 0:,
12.5% Mn ore, 5% Fe ore. 6 91 nil 68.5% SiMn, 17% NaN 0:,
9.5% Mn ore, 5% Fe ore 0 33 83 9 68.5% SlMn, 19% NaN0;,
12% Mn ore B 60 104 nil The above table demonstrates that the employment of iron ore alone in exothermic mixes containing silicon and sodium nitrate results in relatively good solution time (25 seconds), relatively poor manganese recovery (74% and relatively high silicon recovery (47%). With only manganese ore in the mixture, manganese recovery is at a maximum (100%), silicon recovery fair (28%), and solution time, about one minute. Tests employing both manganese ore and iron ore exhibited relatively high indicated manganese recoveries amounting to 83% or better and solution times of 45 seconds or less. Silicon recoveries in the melt amounted to less than 10%, and in some instances were present only as traces.
It will be noted from the above table that the composition range of the reaction mixture embodying the principles of the present invention may be varied over a considerable range without impairing its exothermic prop erties. Best results are obtained when the percentages of the constituents of the instant exothermic mixture lie within the composition range listed below in Table II. The analysis of the constituents in Table II is typical.
Table II M nximum Preferred Optimum results are obtained when the ratio of manganese ore to iron ore is between 2.5 to 1.0 and 6.0 to 1.0.
In practicing the invention, sodium nitrate is admixed with suificient amounts of silicomangane-se alloy, iron ore and manganese ore to produce an exothermic alloy addition agent containing at least 45% available manganese. The ingredients of the mixture are preferably of mesh size (i. e., capable of passing through a screen having 0.147 mm. openings), with the exception of the sodium nitrate which is of 48 mesh size (0.295 mm. openings). The mix of the invention may then be applied to the melt in either bonded or unbonded form. In the present instance, the addition agent is added in the form of pellets made by compacting the powdered mixture at approximately 2000 p. s. i. A slight amount of water may be added.
Incorporation of the mixture into the steel melt in an amount equivalent to 1% Mn results in average temperature drop of less than 8 C., an average solution time of less than 45 seconds, and negligible silicon recoveries. Manganese recoveries, amounting to as high as 91% confirm the acceptability of the instant mix. Tests show that the available manganese recovered in the melt is distributed uniformly throughout the melt.
It will be understood that modifications and variations may be effected without departing from the novel concepts of the present invention.
What is claimed is:
1. An addition agent for a ferrous melt comprising 9.0% to 20.0% manganese ore, 2.0% to 9.0% iron ore, 10% to 20% sodium nitrate, remainder silicomanganese alloy, and characterized by fast solution rate, relatively high manganese recovery and relatively high exo thermicity.
2. An addition agent for ferrous melt comprising 12% to 20% iron ore and manganese ore, the proportion of said manganese ore to said iron ore being between 2.5 to 1.0 and 6.0 to 1.0, 10% to 20% sodium nitrate, remainder silicomanganese, and characterized by relatively high manganese recovery in the melt, fast solution rate and relatively high exothermicity.
3. An addition agent for a ferrous melt comprising 9.0% to 20% oxidic manganese ore, 2.0% to 9.0% oxidic iron ore, 10% to 20% sodium nitrate, remainder silicomanganese alloy, the proportion of said manganese ore to said iron ore being between 2.5 to 1.0 and 6.0 to 1.0.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,431,621 Benekcr Oct. 10, 1922 1,623,757 Saklatwalla Apr. 5, 1927 1,820,998 Becket Sept. 1, 1931 2,243,784 Udy May 27, 1941 2,367,630 Udy Jan. 16, 1945
Claims (1)
1. AN ADDITION AGENT FOR A FERROUS MELT COMPRISING 9.0% TO 20.0% MANGANESE ORE, 2.0% TO 9.0% IRON ORE, 10% TO 20% SODIUM NITRATE, REMAINDER SLICOMANGANESE ALLOY, AND CHARACTERIZED BY FAST SOLUTION RATE, RELATIVELY HIGH MAGANESE RECOVERY AND RELATIVELY HIGH EXOTHERMIICITY.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US429363A US2806778A (en) | 1954-05-12 | 1954-05-12 | Exothermic manganese addition agent |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US429363A US2806778A (en) | 1954-05-12 | 1954-05-12 | Exothermic manganese addition agent |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2806778A true US2806778A (en) | 1957-09-17 |
Family
ID=23702919
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US429363A Expired - Lifetime US2806778A (en) | 1954-05-12 | 1954-05-12 | Exothermic manganese addition agent |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2806778A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS50128614A (en) * | 1974-03-29 | 1975-10-09 | ||
| US20110094336A1 (en) * | 2007-12-14 | 2011-04-28 | Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh | Method for producing a steel melt containing up to 30% manganese |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1431621A (en) * | 1921-03-01 | 1922-10-10 | Frederick F Mcintosh | Method of manufacturing steel |
| US1623757A (en) * | 1926-06-05 | 1927-04-05 | Byramji D Saklatwalla | Manufacture of chromium-iron alloys |
| US1820998A (en) * | 1928-04-13 | 1931-09-01 | Electro Metallurg Co | Smelting of ores |
| US2243784A (en) * | 1939-10-26 | 1941-05-27 | Marvin J Udy | Method and material suitable for use in the production of molten metal products |
| US2367630A (en) * | 1942-07-09 | 1945-01-16 | Marvin J Udy | Metallurgy |
-
1954
- 1954-05-12 US US429363A patent/US2806778A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1431621A (en) * | 1921-03-01 | 1922-10-10 | Frederick F Mcintosh | Method of manufacturing steel |
| US1623757A (en) * | 1926-06-05 | 1927-04-05 | Byramji D Saklatwalla | Manufacture of chromium-iron alloys |
| US1820998A (en) * | 1928-04-13 | 1931-09-01 | Electro Metallurg Co | Smelting of ores |
| US2243784A (en) * | 1939-10-26 | 1941-05-27 | Marvin J Udy | Method and material suitable for use in the production of molten metal products |
| US2367630A (en) * | 1942-07-09 | 1945-01-16 | Marvin J Udy | Metallurgy |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS50128614A (en) * | 1974-03-29 | 1975-10-09 | ||
| JPS545764B2 (en) * | 1974-03-29 | 1979-03-20 | ||
| US20110094336A1 (en) * | 2007-12-14 | 2011-04-28 | Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh | Method for producing a steel melt containing up to 30% manganese |
| US8444743B2 (en) * | 2007-12-14 | 2013-05-21 | Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh | Method for producing a steel melt containing up to 30% manganese |
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