US2794417A - Apparatus for electrostatically coating articles - Google Patents

Apparatus for electrostatically coating articles Download PDF

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US2794417A
US2794417A US434366A US43436654A US2794417A US 2794417 A US2794417 A US 2794417A US 434366 A US434366 A US 434366A US 43436654 A US43436654 A US 43436654A US 2794417 A US2794417 A US 2794417A
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article
coating material
coating
head
coated
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US434366A
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Edwin M Ransburg
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Ransburg Corp
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Ransburg Corp
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Priority claimed from US556390A external-priority patent/US2685536A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/08—Plant for applying liquids or other fluent materials to objects
    • B05B5/14—Plant for applying liquids or other fluent materials to objects specially adapted for coating continuously moving elongated bodies, e.g. wires, strips, pipes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/0255—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns spraying and depositing by electrostatic forces only

Definitions

  • That patent describes a method and apparatus for electrostatically coating articles with a liquid coating material such as paint, lacquer, ink, wax and the like.
  • a liquid coating material such as paint, lacquer, ink, wax and the like.
  • Such articles to be coated may be of either conducting or nonconducting material, may be structural in character or comprise fabric or paper sheets.
  • Thecoating material may be introduced into the electrostatic field by an applicator head having a series of orifices through which the material may ooze in the form ofinert droplets.
  • Such applicator head may be substantially coextensive with the surface to be coated and thereby take the place of a battery of sprayguns as heretofore employed.
  • the droplets will be developed into finely divided particles by the electrostatic force so that all particles will be transmitted or precipitated upon the surface to be coated uniformly over the entire surface.
  • a feature of the invention resides in the applicator head including formation of the discharge orifices therein and the control of the rate of discharge ofthe material to form the inert droplets at approximately the rate of their electrostatic discharge.
  • the control of the applicator head will be such as to permit discharge of just the right quantity and size of the droplets to efiect the greatest efficiency in coating a surface.
  • Fig. I is a diagrammatical illustration-showing one arrangement of applicator in respect to the article to be coated.
  • Fig. 2 is a section taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a-modified form of applicator with a control handle associated therewith.
  • Fig. 4 is a section taken on the line 44 of Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 5 is a perspective sectional view showing a portion of a further modification of the applicator head.
  • Fig. 6 is the same as Fig. 5, taken on the line 6-6 thereof.
  • Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a further modification of the applicator head in association with the surface to be coated.
  • Fig. 8 is a section taken on the line 88 of Fig. 7.
  • Fig. 9 is a diagrammatical illustration of the circuit and one of the arrangements of the applicator head relative to the article to be coated.
  • the invention is illustrated by one modification thereof in Figs. 1 and 2 wherein there is shown an article 10 to be coated mounted or carried upon a suitable support or conveyor 11 which is grounded at 12.
  • An applicator head 13 is provided which is preferably substantially coextensive With the surface to be coated. Said applicator head may be fixedly or adjustably mounted on a suitable support, or hand manipulated by a handle 14.
  • the applicator head, as indicated in Fig. 2 is V-shaped in cross section and along its reduced discharge end 17a it is provided. with a series of orifices 15 through which the coating material indicated at 16 may be oozed out in the form of droplets 17.
  • the applicator head maybe connected With'a source of supply of coating material by a flexible tube, there being herein illustrated three compartments in the head, each connected with an individual source of supply 18 by a tube 19.
  • the applicator head is connected to a source of high voltage indicated at 20 through one terminal thereof, the other terminal of said source being grounded at 21 and through ground connected with an article 10 to be coated.
  • the space or field between the applicator head and article .10 is electrostati fcally charged by reason of the article being grounded and the applicator head being at high potential.
  • the eifect thereof is to cause an electrical force to act on the droplets 17, causing them to be broken up into finely divided or minute particles of coatingfmate'rial, such as 'to beattracted to the groundedarticle'for deposition thereon.
  • the grounded article may be referred to as a collecting electrode of one potential with the applicatorhead serving as. a discharge electrode of adifierent potential.
  • the electrostatic force'set up in the field between the electrodes is such as to develop and transmit finely divided particles of'the droplets 17 from one electrode to the other.
  • the droplets are caused to slowly ooze from the applicator head they are inactive or inert, but subject to being broken up into finely divided particles and distributed over the surfaceofithe opposed electrode.
  • FIGs. 5 and 6 show a further modification of the ap- V plicator head indicated at 213.
  • the orifices through which the coating material flows are provided by a plate 214 clamped between opposed .rows or needles 215.
  • the needles are cylindrical ,so that the material will be caused to flow between them, the plate 214 and the clamping walls 216 so as to come out in the form of an inert droplet 217 of coating material.
  • the needles aresufiiciently close together as to cause the coating. material to bridge the spaces therea between.
  • a grounded surface 310 to be coated This may be a continuously moving sheet of paper or any other article, it being understood that wherein such article or material is non-conducting, it is carried by and on a support or conveyor 311 of grounded conducting material.
  • the applicator head 313 is supported across and above the surface to be coated, and coating material is fed thereto through the valve controlled pipe 319 leading from the source of such material.
  • said pipe extends through the head, having a series of orifices or openings therein through whichthe material may drip by gravity.
  • a supporting shield 314 extending downwardly and terminating below the pipe to provide a frame for a wire wrapping 315.
  • the coating material accumulates from the dripping s into a pocket formed by. the wire wrappings, as indicated at 316.
  • the wire wrappings are slightly or sufliciently spaced to permit the coating material to slowly ooze or drip therebetween from the accumulation in the pocket indicated at 316 to form the droplets 317.
  • the discharge or oozing of the material from the applicator head is aided by gravity, the droplets being thereupon broken up or developed into finely divided particles by the electrostatic force developed between the applicator head and the surface to be coated. Such finely divided particles will there- .upon be dispersed by the electrostatic force over said surface andbe applied to said surface.
  • the applicator head can be grounded and the work maintained at high potential with equally efi'icient results.
  • the arrangement of the overhead applicator of Fig.7 is shown diagrammatically in F1g.'9, wherein the source of high voltage indicated at 320 has one terminal grounded at 321 and the other terminal connected with the applicator head 313 which is thereby maintained at high potential" relative to the support or electrode, since the electrostatic force set up therebetween will have the same effect on the droplets of coating material.
  • the article to be coated is of conducting or non-conducting material, and such article of non-conducting material is herein considered to be one of the electrodes wherein it is associated with or masks a grounded support of :conducting material.
  • an atomizing head positioned adjacent the article to be coated, said head comprising a group of elongated members and means for encasing said members and intimately compacting them together, said members projecting for a portion of their length beyond said encasing means, means for maintaining between said projecting member portions and the article an electrostatic field of sufiicient strength both to electrostatically atomize fine particles from coating material on the surfaces of said projecting portions and to electrostatically deposit on the article the particles so atomized, and means for supplying liquid coating material to said members from their encased ends to the surfaces of said projecting portions at a rate no greater than that at which it is electrostatically atomized.
  • an elongated, hollow applicator head comprising supporting means having thereon a wire wrapping having a series of spaced turns, portions of which constitute projections and the spaces between which constitute restricted orifices through which liquid coating material can flow to the surfaces of said projections, means for supplying liquid coating material to the interior of said head, and means for creating between said head and an article to be coated an electrostatic field of sutficient strength both to electrostatically atomize finely divided particles from coating material on the surfaces of said projections and to electrostatically deposit upon the article the particles so atomized.
  • Apparatus for electrostatically coating an article with a liquid coating material comprising a conveyor for moving the article over a predetermined path, a singlefluid atomizing head provided with a liquid supporting,
  • flow-guiding surface having a terminus adjacent which liquid coating material is to be atomized, means for supplying liquid coating material at a controlled rate to said surface at a point spaced rearwardly from said terminus for flow as an exposed body over the surface to said terminus for atomization therefrom, and means including a high-voltage source having its opposite terminals electrically connected to the article on the conveyor and the liquid at said terminus for establishing an electrostatic field therebetween capable of atomizing the liquid from said exposed body at said terminus in the form of a spray and electrostatically depositing the spray on the article while still in liquid st-ate, said head and conveyor being spaced apart by a distance great enough to permit the atomized liquid leaving said member to be widely dispersed.
  • Apparatus for electrostatically spray-coating an article comprising an 'atomizing head, means for feeding liquid coating material to said head, means including said feeding means for distributing coating material to an extended atomizing zone where it is atomized from a plurality of spaced points, said points being sufliciently close together to permit the coating material to bridge the spacestherebetween, asupport for supporting an article to be coated in spaced relation to said atomizing zone, and means including a high-voltage source for creating over the surface of the article on said support an electrostatic field capable of atomizing the coating material into finely divided, electrically charged particles and electrostatically depositing particles atomized from said atomizing zone on the article while still in liquid state, said atomizing head and support being so relatively disposed as to provide between the article and the atomizing zone the atomized particles by the electrostatic forces of the References Cited in the file of this patent a spacing great enough to permit substantial dispersion of 10 2,685,536

Description

June 4, 1957 w. A. STARKEY El'AL. 2,794,417
APPARATUS FOR ELECTROSTATICALLY COATING ARTICLES 2 Sheets-Sheet. 1
Original Filed Sept. 29, 1944 June 4, 1957 w. A. STARKEY EI'AL APPARATUS FOR ELECTROSTATICALLY COATING ARTICLES Original Filed Sept, 29, 1944 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 United Sttes APPARATUS FOR ELECTROSTATICALLY COATING ARTICLES William A. Starkey (deceased), Columbus, and Edwin M. Ransburg, Indianapolis, Ind., assignors to Ransburg Electro-Coating Corp., Indianapolis, Ind., a corporation of Indiana 4 Claims. (Cl. 118-51) This application is a division of our copending application Serial No. 556,390, filed September 29, 1944, now Patent No. 2,685,536, granted August 3, 1954. That patent describes a method and apparatus for electrostatically coating articles with a liquid coating material such as paint, lacquer, ink, wax and the like. Such articles to be coated may be of either conducting or nonconducting material, may be structural in character or comprise fabric or paper sheets.
This application is particularly directed to forms of apparatus suitable for use in carrying out methods claimed in our aforesaid patent.
In respect to the method of electrostatically coating articles by discharging a spray of coating material from an air operated or air atomizing spray gun reference may be made to such prior patents as Pugh, No. 1,855,859, issued April 26, 1932, for Method and Apparatus for Coating Articles, and Ransburg and Green, Nos. 2,247,963 and 2,334,648, issued July 1, 1941, and November 16, 1943, for Apparatus for Spray Coating Articles and Method of Spray Coating Articles, respectively. However, in the use of spray guns or the like many disadvantages develop in that the air operated spray gun is limited to a comparatively small 'field of dispersion, but more important it causes the coating material to be discharged in non-uniform sized particles, and in variable patterns. Thus, there is an uneven dispersion of the coating particles over the surface to be coated due to the inertia generated in the discharge, causing the larger particles to travel further in the field than the more finely divided particles. In some arrangements, depending upon the direction of the discharge, a variable pattern of spray is created and reproduced on the surface to be coated, the heavier coating particles being caused to impinge over one area and the more finely divided particles over another area. By reason of such variance it has been found necessary in practice under certain conditions of coating to arrange a sizable battery of spray guns with particular regard to their variable patterns of coating application so that the several guns complement each other to even out the pattern as a battery.
It is the purpose of our invention to meet this problem of coating articles in an electrostatic field by eliminating the use of such spray guns and employ in place thereof a-new method and apparatus for supplying the coating material for electrostatic precipitation upon the surface to be coated. This is accomplished by providing in the field a series or plurality of small inert droplets of coating material and establishing such electrostatic force in the field asto develop and transmit finely divided particles of coating material from. said droplets to the surface of the article to be coated. In describing :as' inert the drops or droplets from which atomization takes place, it is our purpose to indicate that during the coating process each drop is supported on the head as above described, and that while the drop may be continuously atent" Such method and apparatus has several important advantages over the spray gun arrangements heretofore employed. Thecoating material may be introduced into the electrostatic field by an applicator head having a series of orifices through which the material may ooze in the form ofinert droplets. Such applicator head may be substantially coextensive with the surface to be coated and thereby take the place of a battery of sprayguns as heretofore employed. The droplets will be developed into finely divided particles by the electrostatic force so that all particles will be transmitted or precipitated upon the surface to be coated uniformly over the entire surface.
A feature of the invention, as above described, resides in the applicator head including formation of the discharge orifices therein and the control of the rate of discharge ofthe material to form the inert droplets at approximately the rate of their electrostatic discharge. Thus, depending upon the viscosity and other characteristics of the material, the control of the applicator head will be such as to permit discharge of just the right quantity and size of the droplets to efiect the greatest efficiency in coating a surface.
The full nature of the invention will be understood from the accompanying drawings and the following description and claims.
Fig. I is a diagrammatical illustration-showing one arrangement of applicator in respect to the article to be coated. Fig. 2 is a section taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a-modified form of applicator with a control handle associated therewith. Fig. 4 is a section taken on the line 44 of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 isa perspective sectional view showing a portion of a further modification of the applicator head. Fig. 6 is the same as Fig. 5, taken on the line 6-6 thereof. Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a further modification of the applicator head in association with the surface to be coated. Fig. 8 is a section taken on the line 88 of Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is a diagrammatical illustration of the circuit and one of the arrangements of the applicator head relative to the article to be coated.
The invention is illustrated by one modification thereof in Figs. 1 and 2 wherein there is shown an article 10 to be coated mounted or carried upon a suitable support or conveyor 11 which is grounded at 12. An applicator head 13 is provided which is preferably substantially coextensive With the surface to be coated. Said applicator head may be fixedly or adjustably mounted on a suitable support, or hand manipulated by a handle 14. The applicator head, as indicated in Fig. 2, is V-shaped in cross section and along its reduced discharge end 17a it is provided. with a series of orifices 15 through which the coating material indicated at 16 may be oozed out in the form of droplets 17. The applicator head maybe connected With'a source of supply of coating material by a flexible tube, there being herein illustrated three compartments in the head, each connected with an individual source of supply 18 by a tube 19. The discharge edge 17:: has an extent many times the maximum crosssectional dimension of the passageways provided by the tube 19. Sufficient pressure will be created in the containers forming the source of supply 18 for maintaining the material 16 in the head under just the proper pressure to cause the droplets to ooze therefrom as they are dispersed by the applied electrostatic force.
As illustrated, the applicator head is connected to a source of high voltage indicated at 20 through one terminal thereof, the other terminal of said source being grounded at 21 and through ground connected with an article 10 to be coated. Accordingly, the space or field between the applicator head and article .10 is electrostati fcally charged by reason of the article being grounded and the applicator head being at high potential. The eifect thereof is to cause an electrical force to act on the droplets 17, causing them to be broken up into finely divided or minute particles of coatingfmate'rial, such as 'to beattracted to the groundedarticle'for deposition thereon. Thus, the grounded article may be referred to as a collecting electrode of one potential with the applicatorhead serving as. a discharge electrode of adifierent potential. It is found that the electrostatic force'set up in the field between the electrodes is such as to develop and transmit finely divided particles of'the droplets 17 from one electrode to the other. noted that as the droplets are caused to slowly ooze from the applicator head they are inactive or inert, but subject to being broken up into finely divided particles and distributed over the surfaceofithe opposed electrode.
In this connection it' will be The same action willtake placewherein the applicator head may be grounded and the article directly connected with the source .of high voltage and thus be charged at a high potential; I
' Another modification isiHustrated in Figs. 3 and 4,
wherein the applicatorhead 113 is adjustably supported Figs. 5 and 6 show a further modification of the ap- V plicator head indicated at 213. In this head the orifices through which the coating material flows are provided by a plate 214 clamped between opposed .rows or needles 215. The needles are cylindrical ,so that the material will be caused to flow between them, the plate 214 and the clamping walls 216 so as to come out in the form of an inert droplet 217 of coating material. As illustrated in the drawings, the needles aresufiiciently close together as to cause the coating. material to bridge the spaces therea between.
In the modification of Figs. 7 and 8 there is illustrated a grounded surface 310 to be coated. This may be a continuously moving sheet of paper or any other article, it being understood that wherein such article or material is non-conducting, it is carried by and on a support or conveyor 311 of grounded conducting material. In this arrangement the applicator head 313 is supported across and above the surface to be coated, and coating material is fed thereto through the valve controlled pipe 319 leading from the source of such material. .Said pipe extends through the head, having a series of orifices or openings therein through whichthe material may drip by gravity. Mounted on and connected to a source of high voltage through the pipe 319, there is a supporting shield 314 extending downwardly and terminating below the pipe to provide a frame for a wire wrapping 315. The coating material accumulates from the dripping s into a pocket formed by. the wire wrappings, as indicated at 316. The wire wrappings are slightly or sufliciently spaced to permit the coating material to slowly ooze or drip therebetween from the accumulation in the pocket indicated at 316 to form the droplets 317. In this instance the discharge or oozing of the material from the applicator head is aided by gravity, the droplets being thereupon broken up or developed into finely divided particles by the electrostatic force developed between the applicator head and the surface to be coated. Such finely divided particles will there- .upon be dispersed by the electrostatic force over said surface andbe applied to said surface. The applicator head can be grounded and the work maintained at high potential with equally efi'icient results.
By way of example, the arrangement of the overhead applicator of Fig.7 is shown diagrammatically in F1g.'9, wherein the source of high voltage indicated at 320 has one terminal grounded at 321 and the other terminal connected with the applicator head 313 which is thereby maintained at high potential" relative to the support or electrode, since the electrostatic force set up therebetween will have the same effect on the droplets of coating material. Also, it is immaterial as to whether or not the article to be coated is of conducting or non-conducting material, and such article of non-conducting material is herein considered to be one of the electrodes wherein it is associated with or masks a grounded support of :conducting material.
The invention claimed is:
1. In apparatus for electrostatically applying liquid coating material to an article, an atomizing head positioned adjacent the article to be coated, said head comprising a group of elongated members and means for encasing said members and intimately compacting them together, said members projecting for a portion of their length beyond said encasing means, means for maintaining between said projecting member portions and the article an electrostatic field of sufiicient strength both to electrostatically atomize fine particles from coating material on the surfaces of said projecting portions and to electrostatically deposit on the article the particles so atomized, and means for supplying liquid coating material to said members from their encased ends to the surfaces of said projecting portions at a rate no greater than that at which it is electrostatically atomized.
2. In an apparatus for electrostatically coating an article with a liquid coating material, an elongated, hollow applicator head comprising supporting means having thereon a wire wrapping having a series of spaced turns, portions of which constitute projections and the spaces between which constitute restricted orifices through which liquid coating material can flow to the surfaces of said projections, means for supplying liquid coating material to the interior of said head, and means for creating between said head and an article to be coated an electrostatic field of sutficient strength both to electrostatically atomize finely divided particles from coating material on the surfaces of said projections and to electrostatically deposit upon the article the particles so atomized.
3. Apparatus for electrostatically coating an article with a liquid coating material, comprising a conveyor for moving the article over a predetermined path, a singlefluid atomizing head provided with a liquid supporting,
flow-guiding surface having a terminus adjacent which liquid coating material is to be atomized, means for supplying liquid coating material at a controlled rate to said surface at a point spaced rearwardly from said terminus for flow as an exposed body over the surface to said terminus for atomization therefrom, and means including a high-voltage source having its opposite terminals electrically connected to the article on the conveyor and the liquid at said terminus for establishing an electrostatic field therebetween capable of atomizing the liquid from said exposed body at said terminus in the form of a spray and electrostatically depositing the spray on the article while still in liquid st-ate, said head and conveyor being spaced apart by a distance great enough to permit the atomized liquid leaving said member to be widely dispersed. V
4. Apparatus for electrostatically spray-coating an article, comprising an 'atomizing head, means for feeding liquid coating material to said head, means including said feeding means for distributing coating material to an extended atomizing zone where it is atomized from a plurality of spaced points, said points being sufliciently close together to permit the coating material to bridge the spacestherebetween, asupport for supporting an article to be coated in spaced relation to said atomizing zone, and means including a high-voltage source for creating over the surface of the article on said support an electrostatic field capable of atomizing the coating material into finely divided, electrically charged particles and electrostatically depositing particles atomized from said atomizing zone on the article while still in liquid state, said atomizing head and support being so relatively disposed as to provide between the article and the atomizing zone the atomized particles by the electrostatic forces of the References Cited in the file of this patent a spacing great enough to permit substantial dispersion of 10 2,685,536
UNITED STATES PATENTS Althouse Sept. 7, 1915 Meston Oct. 26, 1937 Formhals Jan. 16, 1940 Gundelfinger Aug. 12, 1941 Starkey et a1 Aug. 3, 1954
US434366A 1944-09-29 1954-06-04 Apparatus for electrostatically coating articles Expired - Lifetime US2794417A (en)

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US556390A US2685536A (en) 1944-09-29 1944-09-29 Method for electrostatically coating articles
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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3017115A (en) * 1958-09-18 1962-01-16 Ford Motor Co Electrostatic paint system
US3147137A (en) * 1960-10-31 1964-09-01 Dow Chemical Co Electrostatic spraying of polyurethane foam
US3716024A (en) * 1969-11-04 1973-02-13 Carrier Sa A device for spraying an electrified powdered material onto a structure
US4515297A (en) * 1983-05-26 1985-05-07 At&T Technologies, Inc. Methods for multipoint dispensing of viscous material
US4597420A (en) * 1983-05-26 1986-07-01 At&T Technologies, Inc. Techniques for multipoint dispensing of viscous material
US5029553A (en) * 1981-12-11 1991-07-09 Trion, Inc. Apparatus for providing a uniform coating on a continuous horizontally moving metal strip
WO1993017794A1 (en) * 1992-03-05 1993-09-16 United Air Specialists, Inc. Electrostatic dispensing nozzle assembly
US5284684A (en) * 1992-03-03 1994-02-08 Alltrista Corporation Method and apparatus for coating glassware

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1153004A (en) * 1912-03-21 1915-09-07 Charles Scott Althouse Process of treating thread.
US2097233A (en) * 1934-03-31 1937-10-26 Research Corp Electrical deposition in pattern form
US2187306A (en) * 1937-07-28 1940-01-16 Richard Schreiber Gastell Artificial thread and method of producing same
US2251931A (en) * 1938-01-28 1941-08-12 Walter J Gundelfinger Method of and apparatus for continuous processing of rayon threads
US2685536A (en) * 1944-09-29 1954-08-03 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Method for electrostatically coating articles

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1153004A (en) * 1912-03-21 1915-09-07 Charles Scott Althouse Process of treating thread.
US2097233A (en) * 1934-03-31 1937-10-26 Research Corp Electrical deposition in pattern form
US2187306A (en) * 1937-07-28 1940-01-16 Richard Schreiber Gastell Artificial thread and method of producing same
US2251931A (en) * 1938-01-28 1941-08-12 Walter J Gundelfinger Method of and apparatus for continuous processing of rayon threads
US2685536A (en) * 1944-09-29 1954-08-03 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Method for electrostatically coating articles

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3017115A (en) * 1958-09-18 1962-01-16 Ford Motor Co Electrostatic paint system
US3147137A (en) * 1960-10-31 1964-09-01 Dow Chemical Co Electrostatic spraying of polyurethane foam
US3716024A (en) * 1969-11-04 1973-02-13 Carrier Sa A device for spraying an electrified powdered material onto a structure
US5029553A (en) * 1981-12-11 1991-07-09 Trion, Inc. Apparatus for providing a uniform coating on a continuous horizontally moving metal strip
US4515297A (en) * 1983-05-26 1985-05-07 At&T Technologies, Inc. Methods for multipoint dispensing of viscous material
US4597420A (en) * 1983-05-26 1986-07-01 At&T Technologies, Inc. Techniques for multipoint dispensing of viscous material
US5284684A (en) * 1992-03-03 1994-02-08 Alltrista Corporation Method and apparatus for coating glassware
WO1993017794A1 (en) * 1992-03-05 1993-09-16 United Air Specialists, Inc. Electrostatic dispensing nozzle assembly

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