US279045A - thomas - Google Patents

Description

3 Sheets-Sheet, 1.

(No Model.)

W. M. THOMAS.

ELECTRO MAGNETIC MOTOR.

oo :i

OO H.) D 1N H2 a 5 Q nu l IIH D Il l H u H HH 1w m 1 ..I

LL l

muv H lll .In

N4 PETERS. Fhnmumqguphnr. washington. D. C.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

Y W; M. THOMAS.

ELECTRO MAGNETIG MOTOR. No. 279,045. Patented June 5,1883.

www@ MW. wmmwmm. 'www MW www.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3. W. M. THOMAS.

ELECTRO MAGNETIC MOTOR. No. 279,045. Patented June 5,1883.

K ot' a motor illustrating my invention.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

VILLIAM M. THOMAS, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO GEORGE H. KNIGHT, OF SAME PLACE.

ELECTRO-MAGNETIC Moron.

SPEGIFGATION lforming part of Letters Patent No. 279,045, dated` June 5, 1883.

' Application med January si, 1881. A(Nn model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, XVTLLIAM M. Tnonxs, of Cincinnati, I-Iamilton county, Ohio, have invented new and useful Improvements in Electro-Magnetic Motors, oi' which the following is a specification.

My improvements relate to an arrangement of parts that is designed to secure a practil cally uniform, continuous, and high-dynamic effect from a given expenditure of'electrical energy. lVith this object in view, I employ, in association with a stationary eldmagnet,7 a magnetized armature of annular form which rotates in the plane of its own curvature about an axis coincident with the bisecting line of said magnet, said plane being perpendicular to that of said magnet and intersecting its poles. The magnetism of both these members is originated byv enveloping electric helices, so arranged and operated as to produce in the field-magnet a constant terminal polarity, and to produce on diametrically'-oppositesides of the armature a polarity which is reversed at each semi-rotation of said armature. Each ofthe two polepieces of my iield-magnet is oi' duplex or branched form, one branch being located outside and the otherinside the armature-ri1n. One effect of this arrangement is that as the poles of the armature during its revolution approach or recede from the respective fields, the inner branches of the iieldmagnet, by reason ot' their closer proximity to the armature-poles as said poles approach positions midway between the tiel ds, will sooner exert and later abandon their inductive iuiluence on the armature, and will thus prolong the magnetic energy ol" the iiel d around a great part ofthe armature-circuit.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a transverse section on the line a' :c of Fig. 2 Fig. 2 is a partly-sectional side elevation ofthe same. Fig. 3 is a front elevation, and Fig. 4 is a top view, the armature and terminal portions oi' the field-magnet being in section. In Figs. 3 and 4 the enveloping wires are shown diagramniatically, for the more ready tracing ot' the path 'of the currents. Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 show modifications ot' my invention.

, My fieldnnagnet has a soft-iron core, A, bent preferably into the form oi' the letter U, and

supported with its two limbs in the same horizontal plane by means of posts B,.whose lower extremities are attached to a suitable base, C. Each extremity of my field-magnet core A takes the form of branched pole-pieces D D, having between them an interval just sufficient to receive without touching the rim of the armature, to be presently described. Vith the 6o exception of the said branched extremities, both limbs of the said core are enveloped in customary helices of insulated lwire for conveyance ofthe electric current.

Journaled inbearings E, attached to the same 6 5 base, so as to be coincident with the bisecting line ofthe said held-magnet, is the axis or shalt F otl my annular armature, Ot' the following preferred construction: G G are two semi-am nular bars of soft iron, of oblong transverse sec- 7o tion, attached to axis Fby means of a brace, H.

In. n and s s are the poles or extremities et' the said bars,which extremities become alternately the north and south poles at each semirotation of the armatures, by means and in manner described inthe sequel. Such change is arranged to effect both adjacent poles sinniltaneously and similarly, so that both ofthe i u poles heremarked a n change to south poles at the instant that the poles here marked 's s 8o change to north poles.

The two bars constituting the core of my annular armature are shown separated at their poles by an insulating-septum, g; but such septum Vmay be omitted and the two bars abut di- S5 rectly against one another vend to end, (see Fig. 8,) or the armature-core may consist o1 a single ring, either broken transversely, as in Fig. 9, or entire, as in Fig; 10. The wire being wrapped in the manner indicated diagram- 9o matically in. Fig.`3, so that the current iiows from north on one side and toward north on the otl'ier side ot' the annulus, the spiraljty vis made contrary on the two bars, so as to bring the poles of same name together. The periodicalA reversal of the armature-current already spoken ot'is eiiected by any suitable commutator or rheotrope. I employ for this purpose a pair ot' semi-cylindrical plates or segments, 'l'. I', secured concentrically to the axis F by an 10o insulatingbond', J, which bond J also serves to constitute a means ot' electrical insulation i'roni each other ot the segmentsl l. These segments I I are so located upon the axis as for their `insulated partings to be coincident with the partings between the adjacent poles of the armature.

Attached to base C are two series ol'springplates, K K, which are so located as to press upon the remote sides o't' the connnutator-liubs ll. rate springs K and K with the respective ends ot' wires that convey the entering and depart ing currents. helix is connected by its separate extremities with the respective segments I l. lhe-wirc l?, entering the machine troni the geneaator, is secured'bybi nding-screw L. From this'bindiug-screw it passes to one -pole ot' the tieldmagnet, and is wound successively around its lower limbs, til l, reaching the other-pole ofthe said Held-magnet, it is coiulucted to the -binding-screw L of the commutator. The electrical current ascending the springs l( ot commutator enters whichever segment 'lf or I. l1ap- ,pens t'or the timebeing to be in contact, and, l

.passing thence to the corresponding extremity ot' the armature-wire, tlws along the same in. the manner shown diagrammatieally in Fig. 3, whence, reaching the other extremity oit' the said armature-wire, it enters the other commutator-segment, and,descending the springs K, passes through binding-screw L to `wire I?, 4by which it re-enters the battery or the other source ot electrical current. provided with a sheave, N, or other customary transmitter oi' motion.

The necessity of reversal ot' the current ot' -ture has reached a position in which its poles are on a line at right angles to those ol the ljoining line ot' the held-poles the inductiveiln Iluenee ot' the latter on the l'ormer `is less de eisively polar. Yln other words, there isla Yrelaxation ot' magnetic tension at the armaturepoles, which tension l'or thel moment travels, so to speak, up the curve ol the armature to meet the poles ol" the fichi-magnet, so as to 'bring the effective magnetic forces in close proximity, and to maintain a constant and. ap-

proximately unit'orm rotative iutluenee on the armz'rture. lhe effectiveness o'l' my motor is believed to be l'urther in part attributable to the t'aet that a short `rectilinear distance VVl'rom. pole to pole ot' the field-magnet, and within the eftective magnetic field, is associated with a length ot' fichi-magnet measured around its Biiuling-screws L L connect by sepa-` The wire tha-t constitutes 'the be lwound as in Fig. 5.

The shaft F is curve that secures high magnetic intensity. while the. annular armature intersecting said short joining line ot' the field-poles permits great comparative length ot`a.r1nature-bar over the straight i'orms and relatively greater length and proximity o't wrapping-wire with. a corresponding increase ot' armature-magnetism.

net to the arnlature-poles at these points. The magnetic action is thus prolonged around a greater portion ofthe armature-circu it.

V The above-described illustration. ot' my invention is obviously susceptible oli' various modifications. For example, the armature` wire instead-ol," being wound as in Fig. 3 may Two t or more) arma tures and as many comnmtators may be com.-

biued on one shail't, the intersecting planes ot' their poles being at right angles, as shown in Fig. (i, where two armatures are employed, at angles ot' sixty degrees where three are emJ ployed, and so t'orth. .lwo or more such. pairs maybe combined with as many iixed ma gncts, as indicated in Fig. T. The adjacent armature-poles may or may not be magnetically insulatedt'rom. one another, asalready stated. The stationary and movable magnets may be provided with wholly distinct wires in eonnection with di't'terent batteries or generators, and when this is the case the res eetive eurrents may be ol' sueh kinds and amounts as to imliart high electrical tension to the iixed magnet and electricity ot' quantity and tension to the armature. lhe liebt-magnet core may, instead ot' (-:onsisting oli a single bent bar, be "formed ot' a pair oli' straight bars :onineeted by a yoke in. the manner-lamiliar to constructors.

l am aware `that both elect ifo-dynamic ma- `chines (motors) and dynann -eleetric machines (generators) "have employed annular cores,` either l'or tield or armature, or both, in which the wire helices have been separated by numerous polar projections (polepieces) .in elose proximity to the opposing element, as in the kiO TOO

devices ol' 'lacinatti and others, but l. am not aware otthe previous existene'e ot' such an electro-dynamic machine in. which. the polepiec i have been restricted to two in number, whiehl regard as ol' vital nceessity where tfhe object sought .is mechanical. motion ol one o l'y the elements by the electro-magnetisln o'tA the coils. Neither am l aware ot' the Info-existence in such machines ot a branched or duplex pole-pieee capable ot' operz'lting alteruately on the inner and outer peripheries oll the armature, as in my present invention.

The expressions U and LJ-t'ormed77 in this specification are intended to designate a magnet whose poles are brought; nea r together and arevi'n'esented in the same direction.

I claim herein as new and of my invention- 1. An electro-magnetic motor having the following elements: first, a fixed electro-magnet (cldfmagnet) With branched polar pieces which embrace the annular armature-rim 5 second, an electro-magnetized annulus (armature) with two diametricallyopposite poles capable of rotation about its geometrical axis, said axis being coincident with the line of bisection of the iixed magnet, and said rim being coincident with the poles of said magnet; third, a commutator Whose plane of reversal is coin- ,cident with the poles of said annulus, the

Whole being constructed, combined, and adapted to operate substantially as set forth.

2. In an electro-magnetic motor7 the combination, Wlth abi-polar annular armature rev,set my hand.

WILLIAM M.' THOMAS.

Attest:

GEO. H. KNIGHT, SAME. S. CARPENTER.

Images