US2754559A - Method for the casting of sheets of a fusible material - Google Patents

Method for the casting of sheets of a fusible material Download PDF

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US2754559A
US2754559A US487605A US48760555A US2754559A US 2754559 A US2754559 A US 2754559A US 487605 A US487605 A US 487605A US 48760555 A US48760555 A US 48760555A US 2754559 A US2754559 A US 2754559A
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mold
cast
liquids
temperature
sheet
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Howard A Fromson
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B18/00—Shaping glass in contact with the surface of a liquid
    • C03B18/02—Forming sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/01—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths without moulds, e.g. on molten surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/14—Plants for continuous casting
    • B22D11/143—Plants for continuous casting for horizontal casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/22—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of indefinite length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
    • B29C48/08—Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/911—Cooling
    • B29C48/9135—Cooling of flat articles, e.g. using specially adapted supporting means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D7/00—Producing flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
    • B29D7/01—Films or sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/90—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article
    • B29C48/906—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article using roller calibration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2007/00—Flat articles, e.g. films or sheets

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method for the casting of sheets of a fusible material.
  • the fused material is permitted to form a horizontal layer of uniform thickness between the bodies of the-two mold liquids, and then cooled to a temperature below its solidification temperature while in the form of the horizontal layer by affirmatively withdrawing heat from at least one of the mold liquids. I then remove the solidified sheet from the mold liquids, while they are still at a temperature above their solidification temperature.
  • the mold which-I utilize in this method consists of two liquids which have the following essential characteristics:
  • I may bring the molten material to be cast into the interface between the mold liquids in a zone in which the mold liquids are at a temperature at least as high as the melting point of the fused material.
  • I may utilize the mold liquids at initial contact temperatures below the freezing point of the fused material being cast, but above their own solidification temperatures.
  • the specific heats of the materials involved are of primary importance, since any interfacial skin which is instantaneously formed on the material being cast will be remelted by the excess heat carried by that material being cast.
  • the mold liquids may be below the freezing point of the material being cast and excess heat still be present which must be removed before freezing begins, when the amount (I):
  • the C1, C2 and C3 being the specific heats in B. t. u. per pound is degrees Fahrenheit
  • the D1, D2 and D3 being the densities in pounds per cubic foot
  • the hi, I12, and ha being the depths of the layers in feet, of one mold liquid, the other mold liquid and of the fusible material, respectively
  • Ti is the temperature of the fusible material as it enters the mold
  • Tm is the initial temperature of the mold liquids
  • Tr is the solidification temperature of the fusible material.
  • mold temperatures below the freezing point of the material being cast can be used only when there is a favorable rate balance of heat fiow. Under these conditions of operation an unfavorable rate balance of heat flow causes an immediate skin formation on the surface of the material being cast which interferes with its spreading into a uniform horizontal layer in the mold. Since the two mold liquids which I may utilize will almost always have different thermal conductivities, the initial temperatures of two interfaces between the material being cast and the respective mold liquids will always be somewhat different, and each must be considered separately.
  • the initial interfacial temperature for any given material being cast and any given mold liquid may be determined from the following equation:
  • T3 is the initial temperature of the material being cast
  • Tm is the initial temperature of the mold liquid which forms the interface
  • Km and K3 are the thermal conductivities in B. t. u. per foot, per hour, in degrees Fahrenheit, D111 and D3 the densities and Cm and C3 the specific heats, of that mold liquid and of the material being cast, respectively.
  • the initial interfacial temperature is the average of the initial temperature of the material being cast and of the initial temperature of the mold liquid, while if f is smaller than one, the initial interfacial temperature approaches the initial temperature of the material being cast, rather than the initial temperature of the mold liquids. In both cases the mold liquid can be below the freezing point of the material being cast and, obviously, the hotter the material being cast is initially, the lower the mold temperature can be without skin formation.
  • the initial interfacial temperature approaches the initial temperature of the mold liquid, so that the mold liquid cannot be very much, if any, below the freezing point of the material being cast without the instantaneous formation of a frozen skin which interferes with the proper leveling of the material in the mold.
  • thermodynamic relationships permit the use of a mold temperature below the freezing point of the material being cast, it is often desirable to use a mold temperature which approaches the minimum usable temperature, since the use of such a temperature minimizes the amount of heat which must be supplied to the mold and withdrawn therefrom in this method.
  • the method in accordance with this invention, is suitable for the casting of a wide variety of fusible solids, including metals, glass and plastic materials of both the thermoplastic and thermosetting varieties.
  • the fusible material to be cast may be introduced into the mold in the form of a discontinuous solid and melted while in the mold and subsequently cooled. Alternatively, it may be introduced into the mold as a liquid phase.
  • I may use as mold liquids molten inorganic salts, molten salt mixtures, molten oxides, molten metals and molten mixtures of metal.
  • mixtures of different inorganic salts are frequently more suitable for my purpose than single salts for the reason that the mixtures are less viscous in the liquid phase.
  • a mixture of 80% barium chloride and sodium chloride has a lower viscosity in the liquid phase than barium chloride alone.
  • the characteristic of immiscibility with the fused material to be cast and with the other mold liquid to be used is an essential prerequisite in the selection of a mold liquid, since during the casting operation the mold liquids and the material to be cast must exist as separate and distinct phases.
  • a limited solubility of one mold liquid in the other, or of the material being cast in one or both of the mold liquids is not objectionable, provided that such limited solubility does not destroy the necessary relationship between the specific gravi'ties of the liquids.
  • Such solubility of the material being cast in one or both of the mold liquids will cause some initial loss of that material but this loss ceases as soon as the limited solubility is satisfied.
  • neither mold liquid should have any appreciable solubility in the material being cast, since such solubility causes con- 'tamination of the cast product and a continued depletion of the soluble mold liquid.
  • a combination of mold liquids which I have found satisfactory for use with my method is the combination of lead (sp. g. 11.34) as a heavy mold liquid and barium chloride (sp. g. 3.86) as the light mold liquid.
  • a liquid mold composed of this combination of mold liquids is suitable, for example, for casting iron, steel and steel alloys, as well as copper and its various alloys.
  • Other salts which I may use as light mold liquids in ccmbination with lead are calcium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride and magnesium chloride.
  • I may carry out my method in either a discontinuous or a continuous manner.
  • the discontinuous or batchwise alternative is the simpler of the two and consists of introducing a predetermined volume or weight of the fused material to be cast into the liquid mold, permitting the fused material to form a uniform, horizontal layer between the mold liquids before it solidifies and then cooling it to a temperature below its freezing temperature.
  • the fused material to be cast may be merely poured into the surface of the lighter of the two immis proficient liquids which form the mold and then allowed to position itself under the influence of gravity in a layer between the two immiscible liquids.
  • the fused material may be introduced into the mold at or near the interface between the two liquids forming the mold. Ordinary, I prefer to follow the latter alternative to minimize turbulence in the mold.
  • I may control the thickness of the cast sheet which I produce by the volume of the fused material which I introduce into the mold.
  • the volume of the fused material is determined by first computing the volume of the desired sheet from its thickness and the area of the interface of the mold, and then correcting that volume in terms of the temperature at which the fused material is measured from the changes in unit volume which take place in cooling to the solidification temperature, any change which occurs during the change of state from the .liquid to the solid phase and that which occurs in the solid phase upon cooling to normal atmospheric temperature.
  • the weight of the fused material which is used to secure any desired final sheet thickness can be determined by computing the volume of the desired sheet and then computing the weight of that volume from its density at room temperature.
  • the shape and dimensions of the perimeter of the sheet which I produce by this batch-wise alternative is deter mined by the shape and dimensions of the perimeter of the .interface between the two liquids which is, in turn, determined by the shape of the container in which the immiscible liquids are held. Since the container can be made any desired shape, I may cast sheets having perineters of any desired shape and thusavoid any subsequent trimming of the sheet, with the attendant and undesirable formation of scrap.
  • the shape of the perimeter of the sheet which I cast determines the exact procedure which I follow in removing it from the mold after it has solidified. In the case of regular shapes which cannot be tilted, I remove the lighter of the two immiscible liquids from above the cast sheet, for example, by pumping it to an auxiliary storage tank, and then remove the cast sheet by lifting it vertically from the tank.
  • Sheets having thicknesses over a wide range may be produced by this alternative of my method. There is no limitation on the maximum thickness of the sheet which can be produced. On the other extreme, it is possible to produce quite thin sheets. The limitation on this extreme is determined by the relationships between the three different interfacial tensions involved, which in turn, determines the minimum thickness in which the fused material will remain as a continuous film in the entire interfacial area and not gather itself into disconnected bodies covering only portions of the entire area.
  • the temperature to which the mold liquids are heated may alternatively on, one hand, be to the melting point of the material being cast or to a somewhat highertemperature, or, on the other be a temperature below the melting point of the material as determined by the thermodynamic considerations discussed hereinbefore.
  • the necessary heat may be supplied by electric heaters, gas burners, flue gases or other suitable sources.
  • the required withdrawal of heat may be accomplished, for example, by the circulation of a suitable liquid or gaseous coolant through a coil or coils positioned within the lower, heavier liquid of my mold, or by spraying the mold container with cooling fluid.
  • the temperature of the mold liquids in the immediate zone in which the material to be cast is first introduced into the interface between them may be above the solidification temperature of that material or it may be at a lower temperature under favorable thermodynamic conditions which. permit the use of such a lower temperature.
  • the thermodynamic considerations applicable here, as well as to the discontinuous embodiment .of my method are fully discussed hereinbefore.
  • I utilize a square or rectangular mold in the continuous alternative of my method, and continuously introduce the fused material to be cast in a steady stream at one side of the mold, preferably, at the original level of the interface between the two immiscible liquids, and continuously withdraw the cast sheet from the opposite side or end of the mold.
  • I maintain a temperature difierential in the liquids of the mold in the direction of travel of the material being cast, from a temperature which is high enough to permit it to form a uniform layer while still inthe liquid state at the point of its introduction, to a temperature below its solidification point at the opposite end of its travel through the mold.
  • I may, for example, withdraw heat from the lower, heavier immiscible liquid by means of a coil or coils positioned therein and carrying a circulating coolant. I position my coils in a manner such that I withdraw heat from all parts of the heavier, immiscible liquid, except that im mediately adjacent to the side at which the fused material is being introduced into the mold. I may or may not furnish heat to the mold immediately adjacent to the side at which the fused material is being introduced, to supplement the heat carried into the mold itself, depending on the specific thermodynamic conditions involved. In any case I keep the immiscible liquids adjacent to the inlet of the mold at a high enough temperature to allow the formation of a uniform layer of the fused material before it is cooled to a point such that it begins to solidify.
  • I introduce the fused material being east through an orifice which is preferably adjustable, and control the thickness of the sheet I am casting by the rate at which the fused material is fed through the orifice and the rate at which the cast sheet is withdrawn from the opposite side or end of the mold.
  • the incoming fused material being cast seals the inlet orifice'against a back-flow of the lighter of the immiscible casting liquids.
  • I must utilize special precautions to prevent the leakage of the lighter casting liquid, and to some extent even the heavier casting liquid, at the exit side of the mold.
  • I can prevent such leakage, for example, by surrounding the orifice by a reduction die, operating the process in a manner such that the cast sheet is slightly larger in dimensions than the orifice and pulling the sheet through the orifie by means of tension applied from its outer side.
  • the necessary tension can .be applied, for example, by passing the sheet through suitable rolls. In thus making a slight reduction in the dimensions of the sheet as it passes through the exit orifice, I provide an effective seal to prevent leakage of the casting liquids.
  • the single figure of the accompanying drawing shows a vertical cross-sectional view of one form of apparatus which I may use to carry out the method in accordance with this invention in a continuous manner. It consists of a square or rectangular container 1, which may, if desired, be provided with a cover as illustrated. It is provided with an inlet conduit 2, the orifice of which is adjustable by a gate 3 and an exit die 4. Adjacent to the exit die 4, is positioned a pair of rolls 5, 5.
  • Beneath the entrance portion of the container is a series of gas conduits, one of which is shown at 6, which are provided with a plurality of orifices for gas, while beneath :the exit portion of the container is a series of conduits for cooling water, one of which is shown at 7, which are provided with a series of orifices for jets of cooling water.
  • the container 1 may be provided with a conduit 8 for the introduction of mold liquids '9 and 11.
  • the fused material 10 is passed along the length of the container 1 into a cooling zone in which it is cooled by the action of jets of cooling water playing on the bottom of the exit portion of the container 1.
  • the fused material 10 solidifies in this cooling zone, and is continuously pulled through the exit die 4 by the action of the rolls 5, 5.
  • the exit die 4 makes a slight reduction in the thickness of the solidified sheet and maintains a tight seal against any leakage of the mold liquids 9 and 11.
  • the thickness of the final sheet 12 emerging from the operation is controlled primarily by the rate at which the fused material 10 is fed into the container 1 through the conduit 2 and by the rate at which the sheet 12 is pulled through the exit die 4.
  • the exact thickness of the sheet is, of course, determined by the opening of the exit die 4 and the reduction, if any, effected by the rolls 5, 5.
  • a specific illustration of my method is an operation in which I cast stainless steel using a combination of molten lead and molten barium chloride as the casting liquids, with the molten lead forming the lower and heavier of the two liquids.
  • I heat my casting liquids to a temperature of 2600 F. and introduce molten stainles steel into the mold at a temperature of 2900 F. in a discontinuous operation.
  • I then cool the mold to 1800 F. and then remove the stainless steel as a solid sheet of uniform thickness from the still liquid barium chloride and lead.
  • I produce a stainless steel sheet which is non-porous and entirely free of scale.
  • a method for the casting of fusible materials which comprises introducing the material into the horizontal interface between the two bodies of mold liquids which are at a temperature sufficiently high in relation to the melting point of the said material to permit it to spread into a horizontal layer while still in the liquid state, which are immiscible with each other and with the materal being cast, which have solidfication temperatures below that of the material being cast and which are of low volatility at the temperature at which the material being cast is brought into contact with them, one of the said mold liquids being characterized by a specific gravity lower than that of the material being cast and the other said mold liquid being characterized by a specific gravity higher than that of the material being cast; withdrawing heat from the material being cast to reduce its temperature below its solidification temperature, while maintaining the mold liquids above their solidification temperatures; and separating a solid, flat, cast sheet of the fusible material from the said mold liquids.
  • a method for the casting of fusible materials which comprises introducing the material into the horizontal interface between the two bodies of mold liquids which are at a temperature above its melting point, which are immiscible with each other and with the material being cast, which have solidification temperatures below that of the material being cast, and which are of low volatility at the temperature at which the material being cast is brought into contact with them, one of said mold liquids being characterized by a specific gravity lower than that of the material being cast and the other said mold liquid being characterized by a specific gravity higher than that of the material being cast; cooling the immiscible liquids by withdrawing heat from one of the said molten bodies to a temperature below the solidification temperature of the material being cast, but above those of the mold liquids; and separating a solid fiat cast sheet of the fusible material from the said mold liquids.
  • a method for the casting of a sheet of a fusible material which comprises introducing the material at a temperature above its melting point into the horizontal interface between two bodies of mold liquids which are immiscible with each other and with the molten material being cast and which are at a temperature above the melting point of the said material, cooling the said immiscible liquids by withdrawing heat from at least one of them to a temperature below that at which the said material solidifies and removing the solidified fiat sheet of the material from between the said immiscible liquids, the said immiscible, mold liquids being characterized by low volatility at the temperature at which the material being cast is brought into contact with them and one of said mold liquids being characterized by a specific gravity lower than that of the material being cast and the other said mold liquid being characterized by a specific gravity higher than that of the material being cast.
  • a method for the continuous casting of a sheet of a fusible material which comprises continuously introducing the material at a temperature above its melting point into the interface between two bodies of mold liquids which are immiscible with each other and with the material being cast, and which have solidification temperatures below that of the material being east, along one of its edges in a uniform stream while the immiscible liquids along that edge are at a temperature sufiiciently high in relation to the melting point of the said material to permit it to spread into a horizontal layer while still in the liquid state, passing the said material across the said interface in contact with portions of the said bodies of immiscible liquids which are at temperatures below the solidification temperature of the said material, and continuously withdrawing the said material in the form of a solid, flat sheet from the opposite side of the said interface, the said immiscible liquids being characterized by low volatility at the temperature at which the material being cast is brought into contact with them and one of said liquids being characterized by a specific gravity lower than that of the material being cast and the other said
  • a method for the casting of fusible materials which comprises introducing the material into the interface between two bodies of mold liquids, in an amount which is large as compared with the total volume of the mold liquids, while the mold liquids and the fusible material are at temperatures such that:
  • T1 is the initial temperature of the fusible material
  • T m is the initial temperature of the mold liquids
  • T: is the solidification temperature of the fusible material; the said mold liquids being immiscible with each other and with the material being cast, having solidification temperatures below that of the material being cast and low volatility at the temperature at which the material being cast is brought into contact with them, one of the said mold liquids being characterized by a specific gravity lower than that of the material being cast and the other said mold liquid being characterized by a specific gravity higher than that of the material being cast; withdrawing heat from the material being cast to reduce its temperature below its solidification temperature, while maintaining the mold liquids above their solidification temperatures; and separating
  • a method for the casting of fusible materials which comprises introducing the material into the interface between two bodies of mold liquids, in an amount which is small as compared with the total volume of the mold liquids but which is sufficient to form a uniform layer over the entire area of the interface, while the mold liquids and the fusible material are at temperatures such that the instantaneouslylattained temperature of each interface between the mold liquids and the saidfusible material is above the freezing point of the said fusible material; the said instantaneously attained temperature being defined by the equation:
  • T1 being the instantaneously attained interfacial temperature
  • T and Tm being the initial temperatures of the fusible material and of the particular mold liquid at the interface K3 and Km the thermal conductivities of the fusible material and the mold liquid respectively expressed in B. t. u.
  • the said mold liquids being immiscible with each other and with the material being cast, having solidification temperatures below that of the material being cast and low volatility at the temperature at which the material being cast is brought into contact with them, one of the said mold liquids being characterized by a specific gravity lower than that of the material being cast and the other said mold liquid being characterized by a specific gravity higher than that of the material being cast; withdrawing heat from the material being cast to reduce its temperature below its solidification temperature, while maintaining the mold liquids above their solidification temperatures; and separating a solid flat, cast sheet of the fusible material from the said mold liquids.
  • a method for the continuous casting of a sheet of a fusible material which comprises continuously introducing the material into the interface between two bodies of mold liquids in a volume which maintains in the mold an amount of the material which is large as compared with the total volume of the mold liquids, while the mold liquids in the zone of initial contact with the said material and the material itself are at temperatures such that:
  • A-method for the continuous casting of a sheet of a fusible material which comprises continuously introducing the material at a temperature above its melting point into the interface between two bodies of mold liquids which are immiscible with each other and with the material being cast, and which have solidification temperatures below that of the material being cast, along one of its edges .in a uniform stream while the immiscible liquids along that edge are at a temperature above the melting point of the said material, passing the said materail across the said interface in contact with portions of the said bodies of immiscible liquids which are at temperatures below the solidification temperature of the said material, and continuously withdrawing the said material in the form of a solid, flat sheet from the opposite side of the said interface, the said immiscible liquids being characterized by low volatility at the temperatures at which the material being cast is brought into contact with them and one of said liquids being characterized by a specific gravity lower than that of the material being cast and the other said liquid being characterized by a specific gravity higher than that of the material being cast
  • a method for the continuous casting of a sheet of fusible material which comprises continuously introducing the material at a temperature above its melting point into the interface between two bodies of mold liquids which are immiscible with each other and with the material being cast, and which have solidification temperatures below that of the material being cast, along one of its edges in a uniform stream while the immiscible liquids along that edge are at a temperature sufficiently high in relation to the melting point of the said material to permit it to spread into a horizontal layer while still in the liquid state, passing the said material across the said interface in contact with portions of the said bodies of immiscible liquids which are at temperatures below the solidification temperature of the said material, and continuously withdrawing the said material in the form of a solid sheet from the opposite side of the said interface through a die which makes a slight reduction in the thickness of the sheet and acts as a seal to the mold liquids by the action of a pair of squeeze rolls positioned adjacent the eXit side of the said die, the said immiscible liquids being characterized by low volatility
  • a method for the continuous casting of a sheet of a fusible material which comprises continuously introducing the material at a temperature above its melting point into the interface between two bodies of mold liquids which are immiscible with each other and with the material being cast, and which have solidification temperatures below that of the material being east, along one of its edges in a uniform stream while the immiscible liquids along that edge are at a temperature above the melting point of the said material, passing the said material across the said interface in contact with portions of the said bodies of immiscible liquids which are at temperatures below the solidification temperature of the said material, and continuously withdrawing the said material in the form of a solid sheet from the opposite side of the said interface through a die which makes a slight reduction in the thickness of the sheet and acts as a seal to the mold liquids by the action of a pair of squeeze rolls positioned adjacent the exit side of the said die, the said immiscible liquids being characterized by low volatility at the temperature at which the material being cast is brought into contact with them and one of said liquids
  • a method for the casting of a sheet of steel which comprises introducing the steel at a temperature above its melting point into the horizontal interface between a body of molten lead and a body of molten barium chloride which are at a temperature sufficiently high in relation to the melting point of the steel to permit it to spread into a horizontal layer while still in the liquid state, cooling the steel by withdrawing heat from one of the said bodies to a temperature below its solidification temperature but above that of the barium chloride, and removing the steel in the form of a solid fiat sheet of uniform thickness from the said molten lead and molten barium chloride.
  • a method for the casting of a sheet of steel which comprises introducing the steel at a temperature above its melting point into the horizontal interface between a body of molten lead and a body of molten barium chloride, cooling the steel by withdrawing heat from one of the said bodies to a temperature below its solidification temperature but above that of the barium chloride, and removing the steel in the form of a solid flat sheet of uniform thickness from the said molten lead and molten barium chloride.
  • a method for the continuous casting of a sheet of steel which comprises continuously introducing the steel at a temperature above its melting point, into an edge of the interface between a body of molten lead and a body of molten barium chloride which are at a temperature sufiiciently high in relation to the melting point of the steel to permit it to spread into a horizontal layer while still in the liquid state, which is introduced into the interface between them, passing the steel in a layer of uniform thickness across the said interface in contact with portions of the bodies of lead and barium chloride which are below the solidification temperature of the steel and continuously withdrawing the steel in the form of a solid, fiat sheet from the opposite edge of the said interface.
  • a method for the continuous casting of a sheet of steel which comprises continuously introducing the steel at a temperature above its melting point, into an edge of the interface between a body of molten lead and a body of molten barium chloride which have temperatures above the melting point of the steel, which is introduced into the interface between them, passing the steel in a layer of uniform thickness across the said interface in contact with portions of the bodies of lead and barium chloride which are below the solidification temperature of the steel and continuously withdrawing the steel in the form of a solid fiat sheet from the opposite edge of the said interface.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
US487605A 1955-02-11 1955-02-11 Method for the casting of sheets of a fusible material Expired - Lifetime US2754559A (en)

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GB6732/55A GB769129A (en) 1955-03-08 1955-03-08 Method for the casting of sheets of a fusible material

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BE (1) BE536632A (fr)
DE (1) DE1050028B (fr)
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GB (1) GB769129A (fr)

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2914398A (en) * 1957-08-09 1959-11-24 Aluminum Lab Ltd Recovery of aluminum in subhalide distillation
US2940143A (en) * 1956-11-09 1960-06-14 Daubersy Jean Method for the centrifugal continous casting of metals
US3128513A (en) * 1961-03-29 1964-04-14 Joseph W Charlton Moldless metal casting process
US3193365A (en) * 1959-09-09 1965-07-06 Union Des Verreries Mecaniques Process and apparatus for drawing glass in sheet form
US3248193A (en) * 1960-03-14 1966-04-26 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Method for drawing glass
US3260585A (en) * 1961-08-10 1966-07-12 Glaverbel Process and apparatus for manufacturing a fire-polished glass strip
US3295945A (en) * 1966-06-29 1967-01-03 Glaverbel Protective salt bath for a glass ribbon
US3305337A (en) * 1962-07-30 1967-02-21 Pilkington Brothers Ltd Method of manufacture of flat glass on molten tin
US3317299A (en) * 1962-08-03 1967-05-02 Cie De St Gobain Method of changing the equilibrium thickness of a glass sheet being formed on a molten metal bath
US3326652A (en) * 1962-09-29 1967-06-20 Glaverbel Brussels Apparatus and process for refining glass and for continuously manufacturing sheet glass
US3337323A (en) * 1962-07-30 1967-08-22 Pilkington Brothers Ltd Process of manufacturing flat glass on a molten metal bath
US3351447A (en) * 1963-08-15 1967-11-07 Pilkington Brothers Ltd Method and apparatus for the manufacture of flat glass on a molten metal bath
US3356474A (en) * 1962-09-20 1967-12-05 Pilkington Brothers Ltd Method of protecting the surface of the molten bath in a glass sheet float operation
US3356475A (en) * 1962-09-20 1967-12-05 Pilkington Brothers Ltd Method of protecting the surface of the molten metal in a glass flotation operation
US3393987A (en) * 1962-07-27 1968-07-23 Glaverbel Method of and apparatus for protecting sheet glass during the thermal treatment thereof
US3430680A (en) * 1966-06-16 1969-03-04 George R Leghorn Method of forming structural shapes from molten material by stream casting
DE1290663B (de) * 1956-12-20 1969-03-13 Fromson H A Kokille zum Giessen geschmolzenen Metalls
US3445213A (en) * 1964-06-22 1969-05-20 Libbey Owens Ford Co Manufacture of a continuous glass sheet on a molten metal bath
US3468361A (en) * 1966-11-22 1969-09-23 Fromson H A Continuous metal casting method
US3565154A (en) * 1967-10-10 1971-02-23 Tatsuo Kuratomi Method of continuously casting metals and apparatus for the same
US3607171A (en) * 1968-07-26 1971-09-21 Vvb Tech Glas Method for heating melting or softening glass in dispersed form
US3736117A (en) * 1966-07-18 1973-05-29 Libbey Owens Ford Co Drawing sheet glass from a mass of molten glass through a body of protective material
US3841857A (en) * 1969-10-03 1974-10-15 Transglas Patent & Lizen Method for the continuous production of glass, especially glass possessing a substantially band-shaped cross-sectional configuration
US3841387A (en) * 1972-08-02 1974-10-15 Texcell Corp Method and apparatus for casting metal
US3845811A (en) * 1972-08-02 1974-11-05 Terrell Corp Apparatus for float continuous casting of metal
US5392843A (en) * 1993-03-25 1995-02-28 Dolan; James J. Continuous silver float casting of steel sheet or plate
CN110293211A (zh) * 2019-07-26 2019-10-01 河南维可托镁合金科技有限公司 一种浮法镁合金宽薄板的生产工艺

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE598157A (fr) * 1959-12-15
US5173365A (en) * 1985-03-25 1992-12-22 Nanofilm Corporation Ultra-thin molecular film
US5106561A (en) * 1989-03-09 1992-04-21 Nanofilm Corporation Method of making film
FR2652019B3 (fr) * 1989-06-19 1991-07-26 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech Coulee continue directe de toles minces en acier.
US5100449A (en) * 1990-08-16 1992-03-31 Corning Incorporated Method of forming glass articles
DE102014107768A1 (de) * 2014-06-03 2015-12-03 Uwe Geib Verfahren zur Herstellung von Blechen

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1831310A (en) * 1927-03-30 1931-11-10 Lewis B Lindemuth Centrifugal casting
US2022571A (en) * 1933-03-03 1935-11-26 Cleveland Graphite Bronze Co Method of producing bimetallic strips
US2298348A (en) * 1940-05-11 1942-10-13 Remington Arms Co Inc Formation of metal shapes
US2708617A (en) * 1951-05-12 1955-05-17 Du Pont Formation of films and filament directly from polymer intermediates

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1831310A (en) * 1927-03-30 1931-11-10 Lewis B Lindemuth Centrifugal casting
US2022571A (en) * 1933-03-03 1935-11-26 Cleveland Graphite Bronze Co Method of producing bimetallic strips
US2298348A (en) * 1940-05-11 1942-10-13 Remington Arms Co Inc Formation of metal shapes
US2708617A (en) * 1951-05-12 1955-05-17 Du Pont Formation of films and filament directly from polymer intermediates

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2940143A (en) * 1956-11-09 1960-06-14 Daubersy Jean Method for the centrifugal continous casting of metals
DE1290663B (de) * 1956-12-20 1969-03-13 Fromson H A Kokille zum Giessen geschmolzenen Metalls
US2914398A (en) * 1957-08-09 1959-11-24 Aluminum Lab Ltd Recovery of aluminum in subhalide distillation
US3193365A (en) * 1959-09-09 1965-07-06 Union Des Verreries Mecaniques Process and apparatus for drawing glass in sheet form
US3248193A (en) * 1960-03-14 1966-04-26 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Method for drawing glass
US3128513A (en) * 1961-03-29 1964-04-14 Joseph W Charlton Moldless metal casting process
US3260585A (en) * 1961-08-10 1966-07-12 Glaverbel Process and apparatus for manufacturing a fire-polished glass strip
US3393987A (en) * 1962-07-27 1968-07-23 Glaverbel Method of and apparatus for protecting sheet glass during the thermal treatment thereof
US3305337A (en) * 1962-07-30 1967-02-21 Pilkington Brothers Ltd Method of manufacture of flat glass on molten tin
US3337323A (en) * 1962-07-30 1967-08-22 Pilkington Brothers Ltd Process of manufacturing flat glass on a molten metal bath
US3317299A (en) * 1962-08-03 1967-05-02 Cie De St Gobain Method of changing the equilibrium thickness of a glass sheet being formed on a molten metal bath
US3356474A (en) * 1962-09-20 1967-12-05 Pilkington Brothers Ltd Method of protecting the surface of the molten bath in a glass sheet float operation
US3356475A (en) * 1962-09-20 1967-12-05 Pilkington Brothers Ltd Method of protecting the surface of the molten metal in a glass flotation operation
US3326652A (en) * 1962-09-29 1967-06-20 Glaverbel Brussels Apparatus and process for refining glass and for continuously manufacturing sheet glass
US3351447A (en) * 1963-08-15 1967-11-07 Pilkington Brothers Ltd Method and apparatus for the manufacture of flat glass on a molten metal bath
US3445213A (en) * 1964-06-22 1969-05-20 Libbey Owens Ford Co Manufacture of a continuous glass sheet on a molten metal bath
US3430680A (en) * 1966-06-16 1969-03-04 George R Leghorn Method of forming structural shapes from molten material by stream casting
US3295945A (en) * 1966-06-29 1967-01-03 Glaverbel Protective salt bath for a glass ribbon
US3736117A (en) * 1966-07-18 1973-05-29 Libbey Owens Ford Co Drawing sheet glass from a mass of molten glass through a body of protective material
US3468361A (en) * 1966-11-22 1969-09-23 Fromson H A Continuous metal casting method
US3565154A (en) * 1967-10-10 1971-02-23 Tatsuo Kuratomi Method of continuously casting metals and apparatus for the same
US3607171A (en) * 1968-07-26 1971-09-21 Vvb Tech Glas Method for heating melting or softening glass in dispersed form
US3841857A (en) * 1969-10-03 1974-10-15 Transglas Patent & Lizen Method for the continuous production of glass, especially glass possessing a substantially band-shaped cross-sectional configuration
US3841387A (en) * 1972-08-02 1974-10-15 Texcell Corp Method and apparatus for casting metal
US3845811A (en) * 1972-08-02 1974-11-05 Terrell Corp Apparatus for float continuous casting of metal
US5392843A (en) * 1993-03-25 1995-02-28 Dolan; James J. Continuous silver float casting of steel sheet or plate
CN110293211A (zh) * 2019-07-26 2019-10-01 河南维可托镁合金科技有限公司 一种浮法镁合金宽薄板的生产工艺
CN110293211B (zh) * 2019-07-26 2021-04-09 河南维可托镁合金科技有限公司 一种浮法镁合金宽薄板的生产工艺

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE536632A (fr) 1959-01-30
GB769129A (en) 1957-02-27
DE1050028B (fr) 1900-01-01
FR1125471A (fr) 1956-10-31

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