US2733997A - Asnes - Google Patents
Asnes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2733997A US2733997A US2733997DA US2733997A US 2733997 A US2733997 A US 2733997A US 2733997D A US2733997D A US 2733997DA US 2733997 A US2733997 A US 2733997A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- transfer
- water
- gumming
- coating
- binder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 125000000010 L-asparaginyl group Chemical group O=C([*])[C@](N([H])[H])([H])C([H])([H])C(=O)N([H])[H] 0.000 title description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000001070 adhesive Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000004144 decalcomania Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000015055 Talinum crassifolium Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000001168 Talinum fruticosum Species 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 50
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 46
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 46
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 24
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 24
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 24
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 12
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 8
- 244000010375 Talinum crassifolium Species 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229920001888 polyacrylic acid Polymers 0.000 description 6
- QUOZWMJFTQUXON-UXXRCYHCSA-N Androsin Natural products COC1=CC(C(C)=O)=CC=C1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 QUOZWMJFTQUXON-UXXRCYHCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000001175 calcium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000005824 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000006303 immediate early viral mRNA transcription Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- YJISHJVIRFPGGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[5-[3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyloxane-3,4-diol Chemical compound O1C(CO)C(OC)C(O)C(O)C1OCC1C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O2)O)C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(OC(C)C(O)C2O)CO)O1 YJISHJVIRFPGGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000180 Alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229960003563 Calcium Carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000003298 Dental Enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Polynoxylin Chemical compound O=C.NC(N)=O ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229940100445 WHEAT STARCH Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 241000209149 Zea Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920002494 Zein Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229940093612 Zein Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002998 adhesive polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- WMGSQTMJHBYJMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;magnesium;silicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] WMGSQTMJHBYJMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001143 conditioned Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- SRAWNDFHGTVUNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3,6-dibutylnaphthalene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC(CCCC)=CC2=CC(CCCC)=CC=C21 SRAWNDFHGTVUNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002522 swelling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005019 zein Substances 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
- B44C1/16—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects for applying transfer pictures or the like
- B44C1/165—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects for applying transfer pictures or the like for decalcomanias; sheet material therefor
- B44C1/175—Transfer using solvent
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/914—Transfer or decalcomania
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249962—Void-containing component has a continuous matrix of fibers only [e.g., porous paper, etc.]
- Y10T428/249964—Fibers of defined composition
- Y10T428/249965—Cellulosic
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249982—With component specified as adhesive or bonding agent
- Y10T428/249984—Adhesive or bonding component contains voids
Definitions
- This invention relates to decalcomania material of the type comprising a water-permeable backing, an adhesive layer and a sizing layer intermediate the backing and adhesive.
- a lacquer coating may be applied over the adhesive coating or the printing may be applied directly to the adhesive coating.
- To transfer the print the paper is soaked in water until the adhesive coating is softened sufliciently to permit the print to he slipped off, after which the print is mounted on the article to be decorated, the part thus transferred hereinafter being called the separable layer or transfer, it being understood that at least part of the adhesive layer is transferred with the separable layer to stick the transfer to the surface to which it is to be applied.
- Objects of the invention are to provide decalcomania material which isnon-curling, and which at .the same time quickly releases the transfer when wet, adheres to a wide variety of surfaces and is inexpensive to produce.
- the decalcomania material comprises a water-permeable backing such as water-leaf paper, an adhesive coating of adhesive such as dextrin, and an intermediate sizing coating which comprises fine particles which are substantially non-hygro scopic and which are not readily soluble in water, the particles being bonded together with a binder, preferably an adhesive polymer, which permits the ready passage of water through the sizing layer for loosening the transfer but which is substantially insoluble in water in the time required for said loosening so that the sizing layer remains substantially intact when the transfer is released.
- the aforesaid particles are preferably readily Wettable, particularly when the binder is quite insoluble.
- the binder does not completely fill the interstices between the particles so as to leave passageways for the water, particularly when the binder is quite insoluble, in which case the binder preferably does not swell substantially in the time required for said loosening so as not to close the passageways.
- the particles are formed of clay or some other silicate, preferably china clay, and the ratio of particles to binder is at least approximately three to one.
- the aforesaid adhesive coating comprises two layers hereinafter called top and bottom gummings.
- the bottom gumming may be varied widely depending on the use for which the material is intended but the top gumming preferablycomprises dextrin.
- FIG. 1 For the purpose of illustration a typical embodiment of the invention is shown in the accompanying drawing in which the figure is a cross-sectional diagram of ,decalcomania material comprising a backing, a sizing coating of the kind referred to, a bottom gumming of adhesive, a top gumming of dextrin, and a lacquer coating which may be omitted, in which case the design is printed directly on the dextrin coating.
- the backing may comprise any material through which water may penetrate readily but it preferably consistsof water-leaf paper. While the thickness of the paper is not critical, for most purposes it is preferably about five thousandths of an inch.
- Typical particles for use in the sizing coating are china clay, magnesium aluminum silicate and the like which are commonly called talc, barium sulphate which is commonly called barytes, calcium carbonate, calcium sulphate, mixtures of aluminum hydroxide and calcium sulphate sometimes called satin white and, where a high degree of whiteness is desired, titanium dioxide.
- china clay is preferable, particularly when using a binder which is highly insoluble. While all these particles are relatively insoluble in water and non-hygroscopic and, when applied to paper as herein described, afford a high degree of flatness or non-curling quality, they vary considerably in the rate of release of the tran'sfer,'china clay being the most rapid ofthe three and barytes being the slowest.
- the binder of the sizing'coating should not be substantially soluble in the time required for release of the trans fer because some of the solid particles would then'slide off with .the transfer and for best results the-binderis highly insoluble. While good non-curling material can be produced with a binder which swells considerably during the soaking operation,..the rate of release of the transfer is much slower than in the case of a highly insoluble binder which does not swell appreciably duringthe soaking operation.
- Typical binders are:
- Animal glue such as sold by Peter Cooper under the number 1% hide glue
- Wheat starch (.3) Casein or alpha protein dissolved borax and ammonia
- Polyvinyl acetate copolymer emulsion such as 15K31l sold by National Adhesive Company
- Vinylidene chloride copolymer emulsion such as Geon 652 sold by B. F. Goodrich Chemical Co.
- Polyacrylic resin emulsion such as Rhoplex AC-33 sold by Rohm & Haas
- High molecular weight polyvinyl acetate such as Ayat sold by Carbide and Carbon Company dissolved in methanol
- Nitrocellulose solution 10
- Alcohol soluble protein derived from corn protein such as Zein sold by Corn Products Co.,' dissolved in alcohol or a mixture of alcohol and water.
- binders are more or less swellable, some :in. a blend of are more insoluble and some are quite insoluble. Some of the binders are in continuous phase and some are in discontinuous phase. For example the above binders 1, 2, 3, 8, 9 and are in continuous phase, and binders 4, 5, 6 and 7 are in discontinuous phase. The discontinuous binders permit faster passage of water and therefore quicker release.
- the thickness of the sizing coating may also vary widely and in general the thicker the coating the flatter the resulting product, but for most purposes five pounds per ream is suflicient.
- Typical formulas for the sizing coat are the following:
- the adhesive coating should comprise wide-range gumming of which the following is a typical example:
- Animal glue 30 Rosin size 30 Polyvinyl acetate emulsion (55% solids) 37 Methoxy polyethylene glycol 3S0 2 Water 150
- the formula is preferably prepared by dissolving the glue and rosin size in water, adding the methoxy polyethylene glycol to the polyvinyl acetate emulsion, making sure that the polyvinyl acetate emulsion is compatible with the other ingredients, and then adding the latter to the glue-rosin size mixture cooled to 110 F.
- this wide-range coating should be applied approximately four to six pounds (dry) per ream.
- the top gumming preferably comprises dextrin or other low viscosity water soluble gumming, with which may be mixed an animal glue, resin dispersions, wetting agent and a plasticizer such as glycerine and sorbitol.
- a plasticizer such as glycerine and sorbitol.
- a thin film of lacquer may, be applied over this top gurnming or the printing may be applied directly to the top gumming.
- the slide-off split occurs in the bottom gumming, so that the adhesive surface of the transfer is composed largely of bottom gumming. This is due at least in part to the fact that any water reaching the dextrin coating must pass through the bottom gumming; and it may also be partly due to a reduction of the solubility of the dextrin coating by penetration of ink and/or lacquer. While the dextrin has little if any effect on the adhesiveness of the surface of the transfer, it accelerates the release of the transfer so that the soaking time may be substantially reduced.
- the bottom gumming may be omitted but it is preferably replaced by a high-viscosity Water-soluble film-former slide-off gumming which swells and becomes slippery when wet and therefore serves as a lubricant in sliding-off the transfer, the other layers of the material remaining the same as before.
- the surface of the transfer is composed largely of dextrin or other top gumming, very little of the slide-off gumming sliding off with the transfer.
- the preferred slide-oif gumming is as follows:
- Cellulose gum of low viscosity such as Hercules CT grade 8.0 Glycerine 1.5 Water 192.0
- This slide-oif coat is preferably quite thin, say one pound or less per ream.
- slide-01f gummings are starch, sodium salt of polyacrylic acid, sold .by Rohm & Haas, as Acrysol G. S, and alpha protein.
- each coating should be dried under tension before the next coating is applied and after the last coating has been dried the exposed surface of the paper should be lightly moistened and again dried under tension.
- the gumming may also be broken in the usual way, either with or Without the moistening treatment referred to in the preceding sentence.
- Transfer material comprising a backing of porous water-leaf paper, a transfer layer of remoistcnable adhesive of the quick-release decalcomania type and a curlresistant layer interposed between and adhesively joined to said backing and transfer layer which resists the tendency of the transfer material to curl when subjected to ambient humidity changes, said curl-resistant layer comprising fine s olid particles which are substantially nonhygroscopic and are bonded together with a binder in amount to leave interstices between the particles so as to leave passageways for water through said curl resistant layer to loosen said transfer layer, the particles being rapidly wettable to speed up the time required to loosen the transfer layer and the binder being substantially insoluble in-water in said time so that the curl-resistant layer remains substantially intact when the transfer layer is released.
- Transfer material according to claim 1 further characterized in that the binder is substantially non-swellable in the time required for said loosening.
- Transfer material according to claim 1 further characterized in that said particles are silicates.
- Transfer material according to claim 1 further char- 5 acterized in that said particles are clay.
- Transfer material according to claim 1 further characterized in that said particles are china clay.
Landscapes
- Decoration By Transfer Pictures (AREA)
Description
Feb. 7, 1956 B. ASNES 2,733,997
NON-CURLING TRANSFER MATERIAL Filed Aug. 27. 1953 LACQUER m\ I v //A ADHEJ/VE In ventar', Benjamin AS7205,
QYMM ##u-wa Atiys.
United States Patent NON-CURLING TRANSFER MATERIAL Benjamin Asnes, Framingham, Mass, assignor to Dennison Manufacturing Company, Framing-ham, Mass, a Massachusetts corporation Application August 27, 1953, Serial No. 376,797
Claims. (Cl. 117-35) This invention relates to decalcomania material of the type comprising a water-permeable backing, an adhesive layer and a sizing layer intermediate the backing and adhesive. A lacquer coating may be applied over the adhesive coating or the printing may be applied directly to the adhesive coating. To transfer the print the paper is soaked in water until the adhesive coating is softened sufliciently to permit the print to he slipped off, after which the print is mounted on the article to be decorated, the part thus transferred hereinafter being called the separable layer or transfer, it being understood that at least part of the adhesive layer is transferred with the separable layer to stick the transfer to the surface to which it is to be applied.
Heretofore material of this kind has had a pronounced tendency to curl toward the coated side, especially at low relative humidities. This has been very troublesome particularly to the printer. To minimize this difliculty plants printing decalcomania paper are usually air conditioned at relative humidities of fifty per cent or more. In many cases the soaking time required to release the transfer has been excessive. Moreover difficulty has been experienced in causing the transfers to adhere satisfactorily to surfaces of many kinds.
Objects of the invention are to provide decalcomania material which isnon-curling, and which at .the same time quickly releases the transfer when wet, adheres to a wide variety of surfaces and is inexpensive to produce.
According to the present invention the decalcomania material comprises a water-permeable backing such as water-leaf paper, an adhesive coating of adhesive such as dextrin, and an intermediate sizing coating which comprises fine particles which are substantially non-hygro scopic and which are not readily soluble in water, the particles being bonded together with a binder, preferably an adhesive polymer, which permits the ready passage of water through the sizing layer for loosening the transfer but which is substantially insoluble in water in the time required for said loosening so that the sizing layer remains substantially intact when the transfer is released. The aforesaid particles are preferably readily Wettable, particularly when the binder is quite insoluble. Preferably the binder does not completely fill the interstices between the particles so as to leave passageways for the water, particularly when the binder is quite insoluble, in which case the binder preferably does not swell substantially in the time required for said loosening so as not to close the passageways. In the preferred embodiment the particles are formed of clay or some other silicate, preferably china clay, and the ratio of particles to binder is at least approximately three to one.
In a more specific aspect the aforesaid adhesive coating comprises two layers hereinafter called top and bottom gummings. The bottom gumming may be varied widely depending on the use for which the material is intended but the top gumming preferablycomprises dextrin.
For the purpose of illustration a typical embodiment of the invention is shown in the accompanying drawing in which the figure is a cross-sectional diagram of ,decalcomania material comprising a backing, a sizing coating of the kind referred to, a bottom gumming of adhesive, a top gumming of dextrin, and a lacquer coating which may be omitted, in which case the design is printed directly on the dextrin coating.
In the following description all proportions are by weight and a ream comprises five hundred sheets twenty by twenty-five inches.
The backing may comprise any material through which water may penetrate readily but it preferably consistsof water-leaf paper. While the thickness of the paper is not critical, for most purposes it is preferably about five thousandths of an inch.
Typical particles for use in the sizing coating are china clay, magnesium aluminum silicate and the like which are commonly called talc, barium sulphate which is commonly called barytes, calcium carbonate, calcium sulphate, mixtures of aluminum hydroxide and calcium sulphate sometimes called satin white and, where a high degree of whiteness is desired, titanium dioxide. However, china clay is preferable, particularly when using a binder which is highly insoluble. While all these particles are relatively insoluble in water and non-hygroscopic and, when applied to paper as herein described, afford a high degree of flatness or non-curling quality, they vary considerably in the rate of release of the tran'sfer,'china clay being the most rapid ofthe three and barytes being the slowest. This is believed to be due to their difierent degrees of wettability or adsorptivity, china clay being exceptionally readily wetta'ble, 'talc'having a lesser degree of wettability and barytes being still less readily wetta-ble. Even though the surfaces of the particles are at least partly covered with a thin film of the binder which holds the particles together, nevertheless the wettability accelerates the transfer release, particularly where the binder is so insoluble that the water passes through -interstices without substantially swelling the binder. The particle size may vary widely but best results have been obtained with particles less than five microns.
The binder of the sizing'coating should not be substantially soluble in the time required for release of the trans fer because some of the solid particles would then'slide off with .the transfer and for best results the-binderis highly insoluble. While good non-curling material can be produced with a binder which swells considerably during the soaking operation,..the rate of release of the transfer is much slower than in the case of a highly insoluble binder which does not swell appreciably duringthe soaking operation. Typical binders are:
(1) Animal glue such as sold by Peter Cooper under the number 1% hide glue (2) Wheat starch (.3) Casein or alpha protein dissolved borax and ammonia (4) Polyvinyl acetate copolymer emulsion such as 15K31l sold by National Adhesive Company (5) Vinylidene chloride copolymer emulsion such as Geon 652 sold by B. F. Goodrich Chemical Co.
(6) Copolymer of butadiene and styrene such as 512k hold by Dow Chemical Co.
(7) Polyacrylic resin emulsion such as Rhoplex AC-33 sold by Rohm & Haas (8') High molecular weight polyvinyl acetate such as Ayat sold by Carbide and Carbon Company dissolved in methanol (9) Nitrocellulose solution (10) Alcohol soluble protein derived from corn protein such as Zein sold by Corn Products Co.,' dissolved in alcohol or a mixture of alcohol and water.
' Some of these binders are more or less swellable, some :in. a blend of are more insoluble and some are quite insoluble. Some of the binders are in continuous phase and some are in discontinuous phase. For example the above binders 1, 2, 3, 8, 9 and are in continuous phase, and binders 4, 5, 6 and 7 are in discontinuous phase. The discontinuous binders permit faster passage of water and therefore quicker release.
By using wetting agents in the manufacture of the binders the rate of release is increased. Thus the above binders 4, 5, 6 and 7 are more rapid than 8, 9 and 10.
While the ratio of binder to particles varies widely with different materials, best results have been obtained with ratios between 1 to 3 and l to 10 in the case of the materials herein referred to.
The thickness of the sizing coating may also vary widely and in general the thicker the coating the flatter the resulting product, but for most purposes five pounds per ream is suflicient.
Typical formulas for the sizing coat are the following:
Where the transfers are to be applied to surfaces of different kinds, including baked enamels of the urea formaldehyde or phenolic or alkyd resin type, where it is difi'icult to obtain good adhesion, the adhesive coating should comprise wide-range gumming of which the following is a typical example:
Animal glue 30 Rosin size 30 Polyvinyl acetate emulsion (55% solids) 37 Methoxy polyethylene glycol 3S0 2 Water 150 The formula is preferably prepared by dissolving the glue and rosin size in water, adding the methoxy polyethylene glycol to the polyvinyl acetate emulsion, making sure that the polyvinyl acetate emulsion is compatible with the other ingredients, and then adding the latter to the glue-rosin size mixture cooled to 110 F.
For most purposes this wide-range coating should be applied approximately four to six pounds (dry) per ream.
The top gumming preferably comprises dextrin or other low viscosity water soluble gumming, with which may be mixed an animal glue, resin dispersions, wetting agent and a plasticizer such as glycerine and sorbitol. A good example for such a top coat is as follows:
DeXtrin 75 Animal glue 25 Nekal BX con. 2 Glycerine 2 Water 150 This coating should be relatively thin, usually about two to four pounds (dry) per ream.
A thin film of lacquer may, be applied over this top gurnming or the printing may be applied directly to the top gumming.
Notwithstanding the solubility of dextrin is much greater than that of the bottom gumming, the slide-off split occurs in the bottom gumming, so that the adhesive surface of the transfer is composed largely of bottom gumming. This is due at least in part to the fact that any water reaching the dextrin coating must pass through the bottom gumming; and it may also be partly due to a reduction of the solubility of the dextrin coating by penetration of ink and/or lacquer. While the dextrin has little if any effect on the adhesiveness of the surface of the transfer, it accelerates the release of the transfer so that the soaking time may be substantially reduced. While the reason for this acceleration is not clear, it may be due at least in part to the dextrin layer keeping the ink and/or lacquer from reducing the solubility of the bottom gnmming, by obstructing its absorption thereinto.
When wide-range adhesion is not required the bottom gumming may be omitted but it is preferably replaced by a high-viscosity Water-soluble film-former slide-off gumming which swells and becomes slippery when wet and therefore serves as a lubricant in sliding-off the transfer, the other layers of the material remaining the same as before. In this case the surface of the transfer is composed largely of dextrin or other top gumming, very little of the slide-off gumming sliding off with the transfer. The preferred slide-oif gumming is as follows:
Cellulose gum of low viscosity such as Hercules CT grade 8.0 Glycerine 1.5 Water 192.0
This slide-oif coat is preferably quite thin, say one pound or less per ream.
Other typical slide-01f gummings are starch, sodium salt of polyacrylic acid, sold .by Rohm & Haas, as Acrysol G. S, and alpha protein.
When using slide-oil? gumming, it may be mixed with the adhesive gumming. This has the advantage of eliminating one coating operation, although it tends to increase the release time. A good example for such mixture is as follows:
Acrysol G. S-dry lb /2 Dextrindry lbs 4% Water 18 In making the aforesaid decalcomania material each coating should be dried under tension before the next coating is applied and after the last coating has been dried the exposed surface of the paper should be lightly moistened and again dried under tension. The gumming may also be broken in the usual way, either with or Without the moistening treatment referred to in the preceding sentence.
It should be understood that the present disclosure is for the purpose of illustration only and that this invention includes all modifications and equivalents which fall within the scope of the appended claims.
I claim:
1. Transfer material comprising a backing of porous water-leaf paper, a transfer layer of remoistcnable adhesive of the quick-release decalcomania type and a curlresistant layer interposed between and adhesively joined to said backing and transfer layer which resists the tendency of the transfer material to curl when subjected to ambient humidity changes, said curl-resistant layer comprising fine s olid particles which are substantially nonhygroscopic and are bonded together with a binder in amount to leave interstices between the particles so as to leave passageways for water through said curl resistant layer to loosen said transfer layer, the particles being rapidly wettable to speed up the time required to loosen the transfer layer and the binder being substantially insoluble in-water in said time so that the curl-resistant layer remains substantially intact when the transfer layer is released.
2. Transfer material according to claim 1 further characterized in that the binder is substantially non-swellable in the time required for said loosening.
3. Transfer material according to claim 1 further characterized in that said particles are silicates.
4. Transfer material according to claim 1 further char- 5 acterized in that said particles are clay.
5. Transfer material according to claim 1 further characterized in that said particles are china clay.
References Cited in the file of this patent 10 UNITED STATES PATENTS 78,610 Rosenthal June 2, 1868 193,935 Doolan Aug. 7, 1877 1,322,257 Miller Nov. 18, 1919 1 1,811,804 Poschel June 23, 1911 6 Mullan Mar. 29, 1932 Sax Apr. 25, 1933 MacLaurin July 21, 1936 Humphner Feb. 14, 1939 Matthews Oct. 10, 1939 Asnes Oct. 1, 1940 Asnes Mar. 4, 1947 Davis July 24, 1951 Swift et a1. Jan. 13, 1953 Fisher et al. Oct. 20, 1953 Thomas Apr. 20, 1954 FOREIGN PATENTS Great Britain Aug. 5, 1930
Claims (1)
1. TRANSFER MATERIAL COMPRISING A BACKING OF POROUS WATER-LEAF PAPER, A TRANSFER LAYER OF REMOISTENABLE ADHESIVE OF THE QUICKER-RELEASE DECALCOMANIA TYPE AND A CURLRESISTANT LAYER INTERPOSED BETWEEN AND ADHESIVELY JOINED TO SAID BACKING AND TRANSFER LAYER WHICH RESISTS AND TENDENCY OF THE TRANSFER MATERIAL TO CURL WHEN SUBJECTED TO AMBIENT HUMIDITY CHANGES, SAID CURL-RESISTANT LAYER COMPRISING FINE SOLID PARTICLES WHICH ARE SUBSTANTIALLY NONHYGROSCOPIC AND ARE BONDED TOGETHER WITH A BINDER IN
Publications (1)
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US2733997A true US2733997A (en) | 1956-02-07 |
Family
ID=3443540
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US2733997D Expired - Lifetime US2733997A (en) | Asnes |
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US (1) | US2733997A (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3067054A (en) * | 1957-04-19 | 1962-12-04 | Noc Chemical Arts Inc Di | Transfer for decoration of plastic film |
US3930092A (en) * | 1969-09-24 | 1975-12-30 | Adhesive Materials Ltd | Printing characters for use in transfer printing processes |
US4308310A (en) * | 1979-09-04 | 1981-12-29 | Advanced Graphic Technology | Dry transfer decal |
JPH06239680A (en) * | 1991-08-05 | 1994-08-30 | Nagoya Pulp Kk | Paper for decorating transfer |
US6254970B1 (en) | 1998-10-08 | 2001-07-03 | International Playing Card & Label Co. | Substrates for heat transfer labels |
US20050095364A1 (en) * | 2003-11-03 | 2005-05-05 | Nebojsa Curcic | Process for the production of coatings on substrates |
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US78610A (en) * | 1868-06-02 | Max bosefthal | ||
US193935A (en) * | 1877-08-07 | Improvement in transfer-sheets for graining wood | ||
US1322257A (en) * | 1919-11-18 | Veneering-tape | ||
GB333226A (en) * | 1929-05-03 | 1930-08-05 | Champion Coated Paper Co | Coating paper |
US1811804A (en) * | 1929-12-27 | 1931-06-23 | Decorative Dev Inc | Decalcomania and decalcomania paper |
US1851369A (en) * | 1930-01-29 | 1932-03-29 | Edward P Mullan | Process for the production of negatives without photography |
US1905061A (en) * | 1931-02-11 | 1933-04-25 | Sax Harry | Art of shading drawings |
US2047978A (en) * | 1935-04-05 | 1936-07-21 | Maclaurin John | Decalcomania paper |
US2147345A (en) * | 1936-05-20 | 1939-02-14 | Mid States Gummed Paper Compan | Decalcomania paper |
US2175209A (en) * | 1936-12-23 | 1939-10-10 | Matthews Alexander George | Transfers of display matter |
US2216289A (en) * | 1938-12-10 | 1940-10-01 | Dennison Mfg Co | Decalcomania transfer |
US2416673A (en) * | 1943-06-03 | 1947-03-04 | Dennison Mfg Co | Decalcomania and method of making |
US2561976A (en) * | 1947-10-09 | 1951-07-24 | Mclaurin Jones Co | Decalcomania paper |
US2625496A (en) * | 1950-09-30 | 1953-01-13 | Swift & Sons Inc M | Decalcomania for metal transfers |
US2656286A (en) * | 1945-08-29 | 1953-10-20 | Cons Water Power & Paper Co | Process of coating paper webs and product thereof |
US2676118A (en) * | 1950-02-08 | 1954-04-20 | Warren S D Co | Casting support and process of manufacturing same |
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0
- US US2733997D patent/US2733997A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US78610A (en) * | 1868-06-02 | Max bosefthal | ||
US193935A (en) * | 1877-08-07 | Improvement in transfer-sheets for graining wood | ||
US1322257A (en) * | 1919-11-18 | Veneering-tape | ||
GB333226A (en) * | 1929-05-03 | 1930-08-05 | Champion Coated Paper Co | Coating paper |
US1811804A (en) * | 1929-12-27 | 1931-06-23 | Decorative Dev Inc | Decalcomania and decalcomania paper |
US1851369A (en) * | 1930-01-29 | 1932-03-29 | Edward P Mullan | Process for the production of negatives without photography |
US1905061A (en) * | 1931-02-11 | 1933-04-25 | Sax Harry | Art of shading drawings |
US2047978A (en) * | 1935-04-05 | 1936-07-21 | Maclaurin John | Decalcomania paper |
US2147345A (en) * | 1936-05-20 | 1939-02-14 | Mid States Gummed Paper Compan | Decalcomania paper |
US2175209A (en) * | 1936-12-23 | 1939-10-10 | Matthews Alexander George | Transfers of display matter |
US2216289A (en) * | 1938-12-10 | 1940-10-01 | Dennison Mfg Co | Decalcomania transfer |
US2416673A (en) * | 1943-06-03 | 1947-03-04 | Dennison Mfg Co | Decalcomania and method of making |
US2656286A (en) * | 1945-08-29 | 1953-10-20 | Cons Water Power & Paper Co | Process of coating paper webs and product thereof |
US2561976A (en) * | 1947-10-09 | 1951-07-24 | Mclaurin Jones Co | Decalcomania paper |
US2676118A (en) * | 1950-02-08 | 1954-04-20 | Warren S D Co | Casting support and process of manufacturing same |
US2625496A (en) * | 1950-09-30 | 1953-01-13 | Swift & Sons Inc M | Decalcomania for metal transfers |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3067054A (en) * | 1957-04-19 | 1962-12-04 | Noc Chemical Arts Inc Di | Transfer for decoration of plastic film |
US3930092A (en) * | 1969-09-24 | 1975-12-30 | Adhesive Materials Ltd | Printing characters for use in transfer printing processes |
US4308310A (en) * | 1979-09-04 | 1981-12-29 | Advanced Graphic Technology | Dry transfer decal |
JPH06239680A (en) * | 1991-08-05 | 1994-08-30 | Nagoya Pulp Kk | Paper for decorating transfer |
US6254970B1 (en) | 1998-10-08 | 2001-07-03 | International Playing Card & Label Co. | Substrates for heat transfer labels |
US20050095364A1 (en) * | 2003-11-03 | 2005-05-05 | Nebojsa Curcic | Process for the production of coatings on substrates |
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