US2713355A - Multiple pile staggered w-weaving - Google Patents

Description

July 19, 1955 Original Filed Oct. 16, 1950 F. w. E. HOESELBARTH 2,713,355

MULTIPLE PILE STAGGERED W-WEAVING l4 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR Franz wifHaeseiart/L ATTORNEYS- y 9, 1955 F. w. E. HOESELBARTH 2,713,355

MULTIPLE PILE STAGGERED WWEAVING Original Filed Oct. 16 1950 14 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR Franz WE. l-loeselartk- ATTORNEYS.

y 1955 F, w. E. HOESELBARTH 2,713,355

MULTIPLE PILE STAGGERED W-WEAVING Original Filed Oct. 16, 1950 l4 Sheets-Sheet 3 IN ENTOR Franz WEE/oesel arthy 1955 F, w. E. HOESELBARTH 2,713,355

MULTIPLE FILE STAGGERED W-WEAVING Original Filed Oct. 16, 1950 14 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR Fran 2 W6. Hoes elartfi ATTORNEYS y 1955 F. w. E. HOESELBARTH MULTIPLE PILE STAGGERED w-wEAvING l4 Sheets-Sheet 5 Original Filed Oct. 16, 1950 a \Q m w m 2 m M I n e A m l QM. v k h N\.-$ W\. 5 0 W m m w July 19, 1955 F. w. E. HOESELBARTH 2,713,355

MULTIPLE PILE STAGGERED W-WEAVING Original Filed Oct. 16, 1950 14 Sheets-Sheet 6 F'ranz' mah'oe'g N 'izn.

ATTORN EYS- July 19, 1955 F, w. E. HOESELBARTH MULTIPLE PILE STAGGERED W-WEAVING Original Filed Oct. 16, 1950 14Sheets-Sheet 7 NVENTO ranz MEI/'ioaseb'lrtii July 19, 1955 F. w. E. HOESELBARTH MULTIPLE PILE STAGGERED W-WEAVING Original Filed Oct. 16, 1950 14 Sheets-Sheet 8 INVENTO Franz WEZHOGSELJEUZA.

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ATTORNEYS- y 1955 F. w. E. HO'ESELBARTH 2,713,355

MULTIPLE PILE STAGGERED W-WEAVING Original Filed Oct. 16, 1950 14 Sheets-Sheet 9 July 19, 1955 F. W. E. HOESELBARTH MULTIPLE PILE STAGGERED W-WEAVING l4 Sheets-Sheet 10 Original Filed Oct. 16, 1950 ATTORNEYS- July 19, 1955 F. w. E. HOESELBARTH MULTIPLE PILE STAGGERED W-WEAVING Original Filed Oct. 16, 195

14 Sheets-Sheet 11 INVENTQ Fran 2 WE Ila egel baJfl y 19, 1955 F. w. E. HOESELBARTH 2,713,355

MULTIPLE FILE STAGGERED W-WEAVING Original Filed Oct. 16, 1950 14 Sheets-Sheet 12 INVENTOR Franz WE HoBJeEZbarZ/Z y 1955 F. w. E. HOESELBARTH 2,713,355

MULTIPLE FILE STAGGERED W-WEAVING Original Filed Oct. 16, 1950 14 Sheets-Sheet l3 Pile File Single Staffer Warp Warp Binder Warp A B W arp INVENTOR F'nuzz W6. Haaseibarih.

July 19, 1955 F. w. E. HOESELBARTH 2,713,355

MULTIPLE PILE STAGGERED W-WEAVING Original Filed Oct. 16, 1950 14 Sheets-Sheet 14 at ji Dent I 2 3 f 3 6 File A o o o o o o File 5 0 o o o o 0 P 1 A 0 0 0 0 o 0 o 0 o 0 0 0 PiLgB 0 o 0 0 o o o 0 0 0 o 0 PL'Le A 0 O 0 Pz'Le B O 0 0 Po'LeA O O o o o o Pill/8B O O o 0 0 o PzlLe A o o J Pile B Pile C O Q File A o o o a 6 PzJLe B o o o o Pile C j 0 o 0 Q INVENTOR Franz 144E. HoeseLbaJth.

ATTORNEYS.

MULTiPLn PILE STAGGERED W-WEAVING Frani: W. E. Hoeselbarth, Carlisle, Pa., assignor to C. H.

Masiand .& Sons, Carlisle, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Original application Gctober 16, 1950, Serial No. 190,280. Divided and this application March 3, 1952, Serial No. 274,568

9 Claims. (Cl. 139-39) The present invention relates to pile fabrics and especially to carpets and rugs.

The present application has been divided, the claims on the fabric being retained in the parent application, Serial No. 190,280, filed October 16, 1950, for Multiple Pile Staggered W-Weaving, and the claims on the method and apparatus being embodied in the present application.

A purpose of the invention is to obtain a tighter weave in pile fabrics, especially carpets and rugs.

A further purpose is to secure a desirable textured effect at the face and also the back of a pile fabric, especially a carpet or rug.

A further purpose is to economize on the material required in weaving a carpet or rug.

A further purpose is to make the pile warps perform the function of one of the binder warps in a pile fabric such as a carpet or rug, weaving them oppositely to a single binder warp.

A further purpose is to interweave a pile warp by a staggered W-weave which holds the wefts by a single binder warp without the necessity of employing a second binder warp.

A further purpose is to break up the longitudinal lined effect in the face of a carpet or rug, by threading in the ends of different pile warps in different dents, suitably alternating for the different pile warps.

A further purpose is to employ a stufier warp woven oppositely to a single binder warp.

A further purpose is to utilize cut, uncut or a combination of cut and uncut pile projections in a weave utilizing a single binder warp woven in opposition to at least two pile warps.

A further purpose is to employ varying heights of pile projections in the same transverse row in a weave using a single binder warp woven in opposition to pile warps.

A further purpose is to weave with a single binder warp in opposition to at least two pile warps and at least one stufiter warp.

A further purpose is to'simplify the loom required to weave a staggered W-weave and to double or otherwise greatly increase the output on a velvet carpet loom.

Further purposes appear in the specification and in the claims.

In the drawings I have chosen to illustrate a few only of the numerous embodiments in which my invention may appear, selecting the forms shown from the standpoints of convenience in illustration, satisfactory operation and clear demonstration of the principles involved.

Figures 1 to 4 inclusive are warpwise step weave diagrams showing the steps of a complete cycle in producing the weave of the invention.

Figure 5 is a warpwise diagram of one form of the completed weave of the invention after the wires have been removed.

ing various weaves according to the invention prior to nited States Patent 0 2,713,355 i atented July 19, 1955 the removal of the wires, and indicating various forms of the finished fabric.

Figures 11 to 16 inclusive are warpwise weave step diagrams of a' complete cycle of a variant form of weave in accordance with the invention.

Figure 17 is a warpwise weave diagram of the finished fabric produced by the weave of Figures 11 to 16 inelusive.

Figure 18 is a thread-in diagram for all the warps showing various thread-in combinations of the invention.

Figure 19 is a thread-in diagram for the pile warps, showing the relations in adjoining dents.

In the drawings like numerals refer to like parts throughout.

Describing in illustration but not in limitation and referring to the drawings:

W-weaves are known in which the points at which successive warps are raised in the pile are displaced to create a staggered relationship. See for example Craddoclc U. S. Patent No. 1,208,101 and Morgan U. S. Patent No. 2,060,103. Such weaves are adaptable for various types of rugs and. carpets. It is very desirable to obtain a tighter weave and at the same time to improve the appearance and reduce the amount of material and mechanism required.

In accordance with the present invention, i employ in a velvet or tapestry carpet weave, or in a Wilton or Brussels, 21 single hinder or fine chain warp, and weave this in opposition to the pile warps and to the stuffer warp if any. At least two, and suitably more pile warps are raised successively in the pile on each cycle. Since each pile warp is interwoven with at least three wefts between any two points at which it is raised in the pile and since the positions at which pile projections are raised correspond to adjoining face weft positions (the next pile row being raised at the second weft), it will be evident that a staggered relation exists between the pile projections of the different warps and each warp is interwoven in a W-weave.

Since the usual second binder or fine chain warp is eliminated entirely, a tighter fabric is obtained. The space which is normally occupied by the second fine chain warp can to advantage be occupied by additional ends of the single fine chain warp, or of pile warps or of stuffer warps, or of any or all three, passing through the same dent and accordingly there can be one, two or three or more ends per dent of binder warp, pile Warp or stuifer warp, as later explained. The thread-in of the pile warps suitably alternates in the successive dents. It will be evident, however, that other thread-ins may be used, in which for example a group of adjoining dents have ends of a particular pile warp, and then the next dent or dents has or have ends of another pile warp.

By eliminating the one fine chain warp or hinder warp, material is saved, and the mechanism is simplified, since one binder warp heddle is unnecessary and the labor incident to threading one binder warp is saved. On a velvet carpet loom weaving with two pile warps, the production is doubled over the same loom Weaving with one pile warp. I may, if desired, employ this economy in material to reduce the cost of the fabric or I may correspondingly increase the number of ends per dent of some other warp or warps and produce a superior fabric without corresponding increase in cost, for example by obtaining increased density of pile.

A further advantage of the weave of the invention is that the projections incident to the appearance of the second binder warp at the back of the fabric no longer exist, but the pile warps are visible instead at intervals at the back of the fabric, since they are woven in opposition to the single binder warp, and the points of appearance of the usually colored pile warps at the back of the fabric create an attractive textured effect and improve the usual drab appearance of the back of the fabric.

The invention is applicable to fabrics having various types of pile projections, such as cut, uncut, cut and uncut, high, low, high and low, and wavy pile projections in the same transverse row. Insofar as high, low, and wavy pile projections are used, the present invention may be regarded as a further development of C. H. Masland patent application Serial No. 144,764, filed February 17, 1950, now abandoned, for Weaving With Effect From Orientation of High and Low Pile, and my U. S. patent applications Serial No. 167,534, filed June 12, 1950, for Velvet or Tapestry Weave Loom and Velvet or Tapestry Carpet Fabric and Serial No. 168,960, filed June 19, 1950, for Pile Carpet and Process of Weaving, which are incorporated herein by reference.

In accordance with the invention, where washable rugs are being made, all of the warps and wefts may desirably be of cotton. For other types of rugs and carpets and also for washable rugs, where price may permit, any of the usual carpet textile materials may be employed, the pile warps for example being of carpet wool or synthetic fiber such as cellulose ester or ether or linear polyarnid (nylon), the binder warp being of cotton, rayon or jute and the stufier warp, if any, being of jute, rayon or cotton.

The weave will include binder warp ends under a crimp (as measured according to A. S. T. M. specification D39-49) between and 50 percent. The crimp of the stuffcr warp ends (if any) in the weave will be less than 15 percent, and preferably between 3 and 8 percent. In weaving, a greater tension will preferably be used on the stutfer warp ends than on the binder warp ends.

Considering first the form of Figures 1 to 4 inclusive,

showing a velvet or tapestry carpet weave which is illustrated in the diagrams of Figure 5 and Figures 6 to 10, it will be seen that a single binder warp is withdrawn from a beam 31 over a suitable tensioning device 32 as well known, the binder warp being manipulated by a binder warp heddle 33 and passing through the dents of a reed 34. While a single end of binder Warp will preferably be used in each dent of the reed 34, I find it desirable in some cases to use a plurality of ends of the single binder warp per dent, suitably two, but permissibly three or more ends per dent, as later shown.

Pile warp 35 of any suitable color, which may or may not contrast with the other pile warp or warps, is withdrawn from pile warp beam 36 over any suitable tensioning device 37 as well known and is manipulated by pile warp heddle 3S and then passes through the dents of reed 34. The individual dents of the reed may carry only a single end of pile warp 35, but in the preferred embodiment two ends are used in each dent, adding to the density of the pile, and in many cases it may be desirable, in accordance with the invention, to employ three or more ends of pile warp 35 per dent.

At least one other pile warp besides pile warp 35 is employed in the invention. I illustrate pile warp 40, which is withdrawn from pile warp beam 41 over tensioning device 42 of any usual character and is manipulated by pile warp heddle 43 and then threaded through the dents of reed 34. While there may be only a single and in each dent, in the preferred embodiment a plurality of ends will be used in each dent, suitably two, or three or more ends per dent will be employed in embodiments of the invention where desired. Also as later explained, the thread-in is desirably alternated in the dents to break up longitudinal striations.

Considering the step shown in Figure l, binder warp heddle 33 is raised half way, while pile warp heddles 38 and 43 are lowered, forming a lower shed 44 in which a shot of weft 45 is inserted by the shuttle as well known. The reed 34 then ends the step shown in Figure l by beating up the weft.

The second step is shown in Figure 2, in which binder warp heddle 33 is lowered, pile warp heddle 38 is fully raised and pile warp heddle 43 is raised half way, forming an upper shed 46 and a lower shed 44. A wire 47 of any of the characters discussed herein is inserted in the upper shed beneath pile warp 35 and above all other warps, while a shot of weft is taken in the lower shed above binder warp 30 and beneath all other warps. The second step is completed by the reed beating up the wire and the weft.

In the third step, as shown in Figure 3, binder warp heddle 33 is raised half way and pile warp heddles 38 and 43 are lowered, forming lower shed 44 in which a shot of weft 45 is taken and then beaten up by reed 34. Figure 3 is identical with Figure 1.

The cycle is completed by the fourth step shown in Figure 4, in which pile warp heddle 43 is fully raised, pile warp heddle 38 is raised half way, and binder warp heddle 33 is lowered forming an upper shed 46 and a lower shed 44. Wire 47 of any of the characters herein discussed is inserted in the upper shed beneath pile warp 40 and above all other warps and a shot of weft 45 is taken in the lower shed above binder warp 30 and beneath all other warps. The beat of reed 34 completes the step and completes the cycle.

The final woven fabric produced in Figures 1 to 4 is illustrated in Figure 5 after withdrawal of the wires. In it opposite each back weft 45', a row of pile projections 48 are raised, extending transversely of the fabric. The pile projections shown in Figure 5 happen to be cut but it will be recognized that they may be cut or uncut or cut and uncut as later explained. The pile projections shown in Figure 5 are also all of the same height, but it will be understood that they can be of different heights as later indicated.

In between each back weft 45 is a face weft 45 and the weave conforms to a staggered W-weave in that each pile warp, after being raised in a pile projection 48, passes behind a face weft, in front of next back weft and behind the next face weft before it is again raised in a pile projection. There being only two pile warps in Figure 5, it will be evident that a pile warp is raised in a pile projection opposite each fourth weft. Where the number of pile warps is increased, the frequency of r raising a particular pile in a pile projection will be decreased as later explained, but the pile warps will be raised successively as shown.

It will be noted in Figure 5 that the pile warps follow together (except as an individual pile warp is raised in the pile) and are in opposition to the binder warp, so that whenever the single binder warp is under a weft the pile warps are over it, and whenever the single binder warp is over a weft the pile warps are under it. This is an important feature because, at points opposite the pile projections where no stuffer warp is used as in Figure 5, the back wefts 45' are held in at the front of the fabric solely by the pile warp or warps at 50, which are in the backing of the fabric (subject of course to the fact that where the pile is uncut the back weft would not completely escape because of the pile projections, but except for the pile warp at 50 would be free to leave the backing of the fabric and destroy the integrity of the structure).

It will be evident that in the form of Figure 5 the pile warps may be of the same or different color as desired.

It will be evident that any or all of the wires employed in the weave of the present invention may be cutting or non-cutting and the fabric produced may be cut, uncut or partially cut and partially uncut as preferred.

In Figure 6 I illustrate a velvet or tapestry pile carpet having a series of wires 47 in place in pile projections 48 of transverse rows and consisting of cutting wires having spoons and blades 51 as well known, alternating with non-cutting wires 52 having smooth upper surfaces and forming uncut pile. The resulting fabric of Figure 6 is accordingly a mixture of alternate rows of cut tufts and rows of uncut pile loops. It will be understood that this combination of cutting and non-cutting wires in any order may be utilized with any of the other features of Figures 1 to 5 and 7 to 18 inclusive, it being desired to avoid a duplication of drawings required to show each variation in combination with the cutting and noncutting wires.

In Figure 7 I illustrate a tapestry pile carpet having cutting wires throughout to produce a pile fabric which is entirely out. It will be understood that the features of Figure 7 can be utilized with any of the features of Figures 1 to 6 or 8 to 18 inclusive without the necessity of illustrating each feature separately in combination with the cutting wires of Figure 7.

In Figure 8 I illustrate a tapestry pile carpet in which the pile is raised entirely over non-cutting wires 52, it b..- ing evident that the non-cutting wire feature of Figure 8 may be used with any of the features of Figures 1 to 7 or 9 to 18 without the necessity of separate illustration of the combination.

in Figures 6 to 8 the upper surfaces of the wires over which the pile is formed are straight. It will be evident, however, that wavy wires can be used as shown in the patent applications to which cross reference is made, having wavy upper portions 53 suitably out of phase with one another in pattern effect, which, on withdrawal of the wires, result in pulling down loops in adjoining transverse rows of pile projections and forming pile projections of different heights in the same transverse row of pile projections as shown in the patent applications above referred to. The wires of Figure 9 are'non-cutting, but it will be understood that thefeatures of Figure 9 can be employed with any of the features of. Figures 1 to 8 or 10 to 18 inclusive without departing from the invention.

in some cases it is desired to use cutting wires or combinations of cutting and non-cutting wires in wavy wire sets and this is suggested generally by Figure 10 showing a velvet or tapestry carpet weave. Figure 10 also illustrates that a straight wire 54 may, if desired, he used alternately with a wavy wire 53 throughout the wire set so that each alternate transverse row is formed over a wavy wire and the next alternate transverse row is formed over a straight wire, and the rows formed over straight wires are pulled down to varying degrees, depending upon the character of the adjoining Wavy wire, when the wavy wire is withdrawn from the fabric.

it will be evident that the features of Figure 10 may be used with any of the features of Figures 1 to 9 or 11 to 18 without departing from the spirit of the invention.

To indicate that the individual wires, whether straight or wavy, cutting or non-cutting, need not all be of the same height, I illustrate in Figures 6 to 10 breaks in the wires. These breaks are intended to indicate without repetition of figures that any wire can be lower or higher than any other wire of the wire set.

As already explained generally, the weave of the invention contemplates that at least two pile warps will be used, but the number of pile warps may be greater than two, for example 3, 4, 5, etc. The weave of Figures 11 to 17 illustrates the use of three pile warps.

it will also be evident that one or several stuffer warps may be used, the stuifer warps being carried along with the pile warps which are in the back of the fabric. This is illustrated in the forms of 11 to 17.

in this weave an additional pile warp 55 is used,'withdrawn from abeam 56 over a suitable tensioning device $7 as well known in the art and manipulated by a heddle 58, being threaded throughthe reed 34. While only one end of pile warp 55 may be carried through each dent of the reed, I prefer to employ a plurality of pile warp ends in each dent, suitably two, although in many cases three or more ends of the pile warp 55 per dent may be used. Also, as later explained, I prefer. to thread in therpile'warps through alternate dents, although in some cases-the ends of a. given pile warp may appear in a group of adjoining dents with or without omission in the next group of dents.

in the weave of Figures 11 to 17, a stuiferwarp 60 is withdrawn from a stuffer warp beam 61 over a suitable tensioning device 62, as well known in the art. The stuffer warp ends are threaded through long slots 63, 64 and 65 which are mounted below the eyes of the wires of pile warp heddles 38, 43 and 58 respectively. Each of the long slots is long enough to permit raising of the stuffer warp half way in Figures 12, 14 and 16 in the tops of the long slots of the pile warp heddles which are raised half way, short enough at the bottom to raise the stuffer warp half way when the pile warp heddle'is fully raised as in Figures 12, 14 or 16, and short enough at the top to hold the stuffer warp in the lower position when the pile warp heddles are fully down as in Figures 11, 13 and 215.

The guide, in this case the tensioning device 62, for the stuffer warp is at a position higher than the tops of the long slots when the pile warp heddles are in the lower position as'in Figures 11, 13 and 15.

While there may, if desired, be only one stuffer warp end per dent, it ispreferred to use two ends per dent, and in many cases three, four, five or more ends'per dent may be used.

In the first step of the cycle shown in Figure 11, single binder warp heddle 33 is raised half way while pile warp heddles 38, 43 and 58 are lowered and the long slots 63, 64 and 65 by the motion of the tops thereof pull the stuffer warp into the lower position, their tops being below the line from the tensioning device 62 to end of the shed adjoining the fabric already woven.

.A'lowershed 44 is formed between .the elevated'single binder warp 3t) and the depressed pilewarps 35, 4t] and S5 and stutter warp 60. A shot of weft 45 is taken beneath single binder warp 3t) and above all other warps, and the weft is beaten up by reed 34.

The identical step of Figure 11 constitutes each alternate step of the cycle as illustrated also in Figures 13 and 15. The second step of the cycle is shown in'Figure 12, in which pile warp heddle 38 is fully raised, pile warp heddles '43 and 58 are raised half way and binder warp heddle 33. is depressed. This forms an upper shed '46 under pile warp 3S and above all other warps, in which wire 4'2 is inserted. Stuifer warp 60 is raised half way in Figure 12 by the bottom 'of the long slot 63 of pile warp heddle 38 and against the tops of long slots 64 and 65 of pile warp heddles 43 and 58. A lower shed 44 is formed in Figure 12 above single binder warp 30 and beneath all other warps and a shot of weft 45 is taken in the lower shed. The step shown in Figure 12 is completed by the reed beating up the wire and weft.

The step of Figure 12 is identical with that of each succeeding alternate step except that a dilferent pile warp is raised in Figure 14 and in Figure 16, the pile warps being raised successively so that each pile warp in the appropriate order is raised over a wire once in each cycle.

In the weave of Figures 11 to 16, where there are three pile warps, there are six steps to the cycle, whereas in the weaves of Figures .1 to 4, where there are two pile warps, there are four steps to the cycle. Similarly with four pile warps there are eight steps in the cycle and in general the number of steps in the cycle is twice the number of pile warps.

Figure 17 shows the resulting weave of Figures 11 to 16, which forms successive transverse rows of pile'projections 48 resulting from raising successive pile warps 35, .55 and 40 over wires. The weave of Figure 17 is subject to all the variations illustrated in Figures 5 to 10 inclusive, and can be produced with or without the stutter warp.

It will be evident that while the stuffer warps are continuous in opposition with the single binder warp, the stuir'er warp 60 tends to continue straight through the back of the fabric, whereas the binder warp assumes a zig-zag.

While not essential to the weave of the invention, it is preferable to employ greater tension on the stuffer warp ends than that on the binder warp ends.

With any of the weaves shown, various thread-in combinations can be used of the number of ends in a given dent of the reed and the presence or absence of ends in the adjoining dents. Figure 18 shows the conditions for the pile warps, the single binder warp and the stuffer warp in vertical columns, and in horizontal columns illustrates several thread-in variations. The number of dots in a square indicates the number of ends per dent, subject however, to the variations in Figure 19 as far as the alternating of dent thread-in of pile warps is concerned.

Thread-in No. l employs two ends per dent in pile warp A, pile warp B and the single binder warp with no stutter warp. Thread-in No. 2 is the same, except that it has two ends per dent of the stuflfer warp.

Thread-in No. 3 has three ends per dent on all warps, including the stuffer. Thread-in No. 4 employs one end per dent on all warps. Thread-in No. 5 uses two ends per dent of each pile warp, and one end per dent in the single binder warp and the stutter warp.

Thread-in No. 6 employs one end per dent of the pile warps, two ends per dent of the single binder warp, and one end per dent of the stuifer warp. In thread-in No. 7 there are two ends per dent of the staffer warp and one end per dent of each other warp.

In the case of the binder warp and the stutter warp, Figure 18 shows the condition for every dent, but in the case of the pile warps, the condition may prevail in every dent or in alternate dents as shown in Figure 19.

Figure 19 shows in vertical columns the conditions in any six adjoining dents, and in horizontal columns the conditions of all piles for various thread-ins. ber of dots in a rectangle indicate the number of ends of a particular pile in the particular dent.

Thread-in No. l employs one end of each of two pile warps in every dent. Thread-in No. 2 uses two ends of each of two pile warps in every dent. It will be understood that thread-in Nos. 1 or 2 may be used in certain groups of dents, with other thread-ins in neighboring groups of dents. Thread-in No. 3 employs one end of each of two pile warps in each alternate dent,

there being no ends of pile A in the dents receiving pile T,

B and vice versa. Thread-in No. 4 is similar, but it employs two ends in each alternate dent.

Thread-in No. 5 is like thread-in No. 3 except that thread-in No. 5 is for three pile warps having one end in each third dent. No. 4 except that thread-in No. 6 has three pile warps having two ends in every third dent. In other words, in thread-in Nos. 3 and 4 for two pile warps the alter- The num- Thread-in No. 6 is like thread-in nation is every second dent, and in thread-in Nos. 5 I

and 6 for three pile warps the alternation is every third dent. For four pile warps the alternation is every fourth dent, etc.

Thread-ins Nos. 3, 4, 5 and 6 break up the longitudinal rows of pile and are therefore very desirable.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. The method of weaving, using a single binder warp, at least two pile warps, wefts and a wire having a wavy upper contour throughout the portion over which the pile warps are raised, which comprises raising the single binder warp and lowering the pile warps to form a shed, inserting a shot of weft in the shed and beating up, fully raising one of the pile warps, raising all other pile warps half way and lowering the single binder warp to form a shed, inserting a wire in the shed beneath the raised pile warp and above all other warps, inserting a shot of weft in the shed above the lowered single binder warp and beneath all other warps, and beating up, raising the single binder warp, and lowering all other warps to form a shed, inserting a shot of weft in the shed and beating up, fully raising the next pile warp in succession, raising all other pile warps half way, and lowering the single binder warp to form a shed, inserting a wire in the shed beneath the raised pile warp and above all other warps, inserting a shot of weft in the shed above the lowered single binder warp and beneath all other warps, continuing the sequence until each pile warp in succession has been raised over a wire in the cycle, at

' least one of the wires having a wavy upper surface over which the pile warp is raised, and withdrawing the wires, including the wavy wire and by the withdrawal of the wavy wire creating a variant height in the pile projections in an adjoining transverse row.

2. The method of weaving, using a single binder warp, at least one stufier warp, at least two pile warps, wefts and wires at least one of which has a wavy upper surface over which the pile projections are formed, which comprises raising the single binder warp, and lowering all other warps to form a shed, inserting a shot of weft in the shed and beating up, fully raising the first of the pile warps, raising all other pile warps and the stutter warp half way and lowering the single binder w rp to form a shed, inserting a wire in the shed beneath the fully raised pile warp and above all other warps, inserting a shot of weft in the shed above the lowered single binder warp and beneath all other warps, and beating up, raising the single binder warp and lowering all other warps to form a shed, inserting a shot of weft in the shed and beating up, fully raising the second pile warp in the sequence, raising all other pile warps and the stutter warp half way and lowering the single binder warp to form a shed, inserting a wire in the shed beneath the fully raised second pile warp and above all other warps, inserting a shot of weft in the shed above the lowered single binder warp and beneath all other warps, and beating up, continuing the sequence until each one of the successive pile warps has been raised over a wire, at least one of the wires inserted on the cycle having a wavy upper contour over which the pile warp is raised, and withdrawing the wires. including the wavy, wire, and by the withdrawal of the Wavy wire creating a variation in the heights of the pile projections in an adjoining transverse row.

3. The method of weaving a pile fabric, using a single binder warp, at least two pile warps manipulated by heddles having long slots, at least one stulfer warp extending through the long slots, wefts and wires, which comprises threading the stuffer warp through the long slots of the pile warp heddles so that the stulfer warp is manipulated by the long slots of a plurality of pile warp heddles, on alternate steps through the weaving cycle, raising the single binder warp, lowering all other warps including the stutter warp in the long slots, inserting a shot of weft beneath the binder warp and above all other warps and beating up the weft, and on each intermediate alternate step in the cycle fully raising one of the pile warps, different on each intermediate alternate step of the cycle, raising the remaining pile warps half way, by the long slots of the heddle of the fully raised pile warp raising the stutter warp half way, lowering the binder warp, inserting a wire beneath the fully raised pile warp and above all other warps, inserting a shot of weft above the single binder warp and beneath all other warps and beat ing up the wire and the shot of weft.

4. The method of weaving, which comprises threading a plurality of pile warp ends of each of at least two pile warps through individual dents, alternately on each cycle raising a single pile warp, and lowering all other warps to form a shed, inserting a shot of weft in the shed and beating up, and intermediately between each of the alternate steps on each cycle fully raising one of the pile warps having a plurality of ends in each dent, lowering the single binder warp, raising all other warps half way, inserting a wire beneath the raised pile warps having a plurality of ends per dent and beneath all other warps, inserting a shot of weft above the single binder warp and below all other warps and beating up the wire and weft.

5. The method of weaving, which comprises threading in at least two pile warps in alternate dents, threading in only a single binder warp, alternately raising and lowering a single binder warp on successive steps to form part of a shed, alternately lowering and raising all of the pile warps on successive steps in opposition to the single binder warp to form another part of the shed, raising less than all of the pile warps over a wire at spaced steps and inserting a shot of weft in the shed at each step.

6. The method of Weaving, which comprises threading in at least two pile warps in alternate dents and a plurality of pile warp ends in each dent in which a given pile warp is threaded in, threading in only a single binder warp, alternately raising and lowering a single binder warp on successive steps to form part of a shed, alternately lowering and raising all of the pile warps on successive steps in opposition to the single binder warp to form another part of the shed, raising less than all of the pile warps over a wire at spaced steps and inserting a shot of weft in the shed at each step.

7. The method of weaving, using heddles including at least two heddles having eyes and long slots below the eyes, which comprises threading a first warp through the eyes of one of the heddles having the long slots, threading a second warp through the eyes of another of the heddles having the long slots, threading a third warp through the long slots of both of the heddles having long slots, lowering the heddles having the long slots and thus lowering the first, second and third warps, raising a fourth warp and thus forming a lower shed, inserting a shot of weft in the lower shed and beating up the weft, fully raising one of the heddles having the long slots, half raising at least one other heddle having the long slots, lowering the fourth warp, thus forming an upper shed between one of the first and second warps and the other of the first and second warps with the third warp, and thus forming a lower shed between the other of the first and second warps with the third warp and the fourth warp, inserting a wire in the lower shed, inserting a shot of weft in the upper shed, and beating up the wire and the weft.

8. The method according to claim 7, in which the third warp is a stufier warp and the fourth warp is a binder warp.

9. The method according to claim 7, in which there are three heddles having eyes and long slots below the eyes each manipulating a different warp by their eyes and all manipulating one warp by their long slots.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS

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