US2698264A - Treatment of textile materials - Google Patents
Treatment of textile materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2698264A US2698264A US212697A US21269751A US2698264A US 2698264 A US2698264 A US 2698264A US 212697 A US212697 A US 212697A US 21269751 A US21269751 A US 21269751A US 2698264 A US2698264 A US 2698264A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- salt
- copolymer
- styrene
- water
- fabric
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 title claims description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 53
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- NJMGRJLQRLFQQX-HYXAFXHYSA-N 2-isopropylmaleic acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(\C(O)=O)=C\C(O)=O NJMGRJLQRLFQQX-HYXAFXHYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- KETWBQOXTBGBBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hex-1-enylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KETWBQOXTBGBBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940097413 isopropyl maleate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MWTWMANZJMRBAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cl].C=Cc1ccccc1 Chemical compound [Cl].C=Cc1ccccc1 MWTWMANZJMRBAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 44
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 18
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical class N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 5
- PYSRRFNXTXNWCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-phenylethenyl)furan-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C(C=CC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 PYSRRFNXTXNWCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000147 Styrene maleic anhydride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 amine salt Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005955 Ferric phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940032958 ferric phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 229910000399 iron(III) phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000010 zinc carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004135 Bone phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guanidine Chemical compound NC(N)=N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Zinc carbonate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical class [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004900 laundering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000008 nickel(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) carbonate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011667 zinc carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000004416 zinc carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- SBYMUDUGTIKLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SBYMUDUGTIKLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000008564 Boehmeria nivea Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000000491 Corchorus aestuans Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011777 Corchorus aestuans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010862 Corchorus capsularis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-guanidine Natural products CNC(N)=N CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940022663 acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HDYRYUINDGQKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M acetyloxyaluminum;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.CC(=O)O[Al] HDYRYUINDGQKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MJWPFSQVORELDX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium formate Chemical compound [Al+3].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O MJWPFSQVORELDX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940009827 aluminum acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical class [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAPDDOBMIUGHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K antimony trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Sb](Cl)Cl FAPDDOBMIUGHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical class [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZBUQRSWEONVBES-UHFFFAOYSA-L beryllium carbonate Chemical compound [Be+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZBUQRSWEONVBES-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000023 beryllium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012662 bulk polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000011 cadmium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKDXQAKPHKQZSC-UHFFFAOYSA-L cadmium(2+);carbonate Chemical compound [Cd+2].[O-]C([O-])=O GKDXQAKPHKQZSC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);carbonate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZBDSFTZNNQNSQM-UHFFFAOYSA-H cobalt(2+);diphosphate Chemical compound [Co+2].[Co+2].[Co+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ZBDSFTZNNQNSQM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000001 cobalt(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001246 colloidal dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GQDHEYWVLBJKBA-UHFFFAOYSA-H copper(ii) phosphate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[Cu+2].[Cu+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GQDHEYWVLBJKBA-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- QYCVHILLJSYYBD-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;oxalate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O QYCVHILLJSYYBD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZMMDPCMYTCRWFF-UHFFFAOYSA-J dicopper;carbonate;dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Cu+2].[Cu+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZMMDPCMYTCRWFF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- XZTWHWHGBBCSMX-UHFFFAOYSA-J dimagnesium;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XZTWHWHGBBCSMX-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminoamidine Natural products CN(C)C(N)=N SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010981 drying operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011706 ferric diphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007144 ferric diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CADNYOZXMIKYPR-UHFFFAOYSA-B ferric pyrophosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O CADNYOZXMIKYPR-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 1
- 229940036404 ferric pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
- PBZROIMXDZTJDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hepta-1,6-dien-4-one Chemical compound C=CCC(=O)CC=C PBZROIMXDZTJDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H magnesium phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000004137 magnesium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002261 magnesium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000157 magnesium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010994 magnesium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005649 metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000159 nickel phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DOLZKNFSRCEOFV-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);oxalate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O DOLZKNFSRCEOFV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- JOCJYBPHESYFOK-UHFFFAOYSA-K nickel(3+);phosphate Chemical compound [Ni+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O JOCJYBPHESYFOK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxozirconium;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.[Zr]=O CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCKVFVYPWDKYDN-UHFFFAOYSA-L oxygen(2-);titanium(4+);sulfate Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DCKVFVYPWDKYDN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008149 soap solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VPKAOUKDMHJLAY-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrasilver;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O VPKAOUKDMHJLAY-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 238000009988 textile finishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000348 titanium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011178 triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001226 triphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl methyl ketone Natural products CC(=O)C=C FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/263—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof
Definitions
- This invention relatesto'improved textile finishing'nia- .terials, and methodsof treating yarns and fabrics therewith.
- the treated fabric is then dried, whereby an insoluble salt of thecopolymer is formed, which remains on the fabric after Washing and provides a substantially permanent :finish.
- Suitable ammonium or amine salts ofthe copolymer include the salts of ammonia
- the concentration of the styrene-maleie salt solution and the pick-up should 'be adjusted to depositonthe fabric from 2 to 15% byweight of the styrene-maleicgsalt,
- the r'netallsalt solution employed is generallydilute, asonly small sec- .tions of cloth are sub ected to thissolution at any-one time. the solution may be varied in accordance with the con- Moreover, the timeof immersionof theicloth in centration. In general, solutions of 'about 1 to -2% strength are used, but stronger solutions may be employed, if desired.
- the metal salt is water-soluble, it may be applied to the fabric before the salt of the anhydride is-applied,
- the metal salts which maybe used for the purpose --of-this invention are salts of aluminum, antimony, -ar- -senic,-barium,- beryllium, bismuth, cadmium, calcium, cerium, cesium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, platinum, silver, strontium, tin, zinc and zirconium.
- a large -variety of Water-insoluble metal salts areuseful in-the'compositionsand methods 'of this invention.
- water-insoluble salts of metals of Group II -A of the;periodictable that is, water-insoluble salts of beryllium suchas berylliumcarbonate, Water-insoluble salts of magnesium such as magnesium pyrophosphate,-t ribasic magnesium phosphate andthe like and water-insoluble salts of calcium and barium such as calcium or barium -'carbonate, oxalate, triphosphate, sulfate and the'like.
- the water-insoluble salts, and particularly the water- "insoluble carbonates, of-Group II A metals are preferred.
- water-insoluble salts of metals of Group llB of the periodic table that is, water-insoluble'saltsof zinc, cadmiumand mercury.
- Water insoluble salts of metals of Group I B of the periodic table are generally suitable.
- suchsalts may be mentioned basic cupric carbonate, tribasic'cupric phosphate, cupric oxalate, cuprous carbonate, silver -pyrophosphate, silver carbonate-and -the -like. 1
- the use of water-insoluble salts of copper j is particularly advantageous since-such salts react'w'ith the salt of the copolymer on drying on the material to form an insoluble finish on the material consisting of the copper salt of the copolymer which is not only resistant to laundering but is also resistance to "fungus and bacteria.
- water-insoluble salts of metals of Group III A Tof-"the 'p'eri'odictable, for example, the Water-insoluble salts of aluminum
- suitable water-insoluble aluminum salts maybe mentioned aluminum-oxittllatefkaluminum phosphate, basic aluminum acetate and
- the water-insoluble salts of metals of roup 'I'V'Aand IVB of the periodictable areuseful.
- water-insoluble salts of the metals of Group VlII of the periodic table that is, waterinsolu-ble salts of iron, cobalt and nickel.
- waterinsoluble salts may be mentioned basic ferric 'acetate, ferricpyrophosphate, ferric phosphate, cobaltous carbonate, cobaltous phosphate, nickelcarbonate, basic nickel carbonate, nickel phosphate, nickel oxalate and the like.
- the copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride used in accordance W'ithfthis invention is a well established product 'which may be prepared in several ways.
- One of the welbk'nown methods is mass polymerization; which involves heat'ing'styrene and maleic anhydride at tem- .Peratures between about and"300 F. for several hours or more.
- the materials are heated cautiously, as in a water bath.
- Another method which may be used is known as the solvent process which involves reacting the styrene and maleic anhydride at slightly elevated temperatures in the presence of a solvent which is capable of dissolving both the starting materials and the finished polymer, such as acetone.
- the copolymerization may be carried out in the presence of a catalyst, such as benzoyl peroxide.
- a catalyst such as benzoyl peroxide.
- Still another method which can be used is the solvent-non-solvent method which involves carrying out the reaction as above, but in a solvent which is capable of dissolving only the starting material and not the final copolymer.
- copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride produced by the above or by any other well-known method of manufacture is soluble in acetone, but insoluble in alcohol or benzene, and forms water-soluble salts of ammonia or alkali metals.
- substituted styrenes such as methyl or butyl styrene, chlorostyrene or the like, may be used to prepare copolymers which are soluble in dilute aqueous solutions of alkali or ammonia.
- maleic anhydride partially esterified maleic anhydride, such as the half ester of isopropyl maleate, may be used.
- copolymers of styrene and maleic anhydride which have been copolymerized with relatively small amounts of other unsaturated compounds, such as vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinyl ethyl ether, indene, vinyl methyl ketone, acrylic esters and the like.
- Example I A solution of an ammonium salt of a styrene-maleic anhydride resin was prepared by mixing together 600 parts of styrene-maleic anhydride, prepared by copolymerizing equimolecular quantities of styrene and maleic anhydride at about 200 F. in a water bath, 400 parts of 26% NH4OI-I and 9000 parts of water. The resulting mixture was then heated to 200 to 212 F. with stirring, and maintained at this temperature until a uniform, somewhat viscous transparent solution resulted. This required about one hour.
- Spun rayon fabric and heavy cotton sheeting were dipped in the bath prepared as described above, after -which it was passed through a padder adjusted for 100% pick-up.
- the bath was maintained at about 120 F. during the treatment to insure uniform penetration.
- the treated sheeting was then dried, after which the dried sheeting was immersed in a 2% zirconium oxychloride solution for minutes at 120 F. Following this the treated fabric was thoroughly rinsed and dried. The finished fabric was resistant to washing and showed good water-repellency.
- Example II Samples of spun rayon fabric and cotton fabric treated with ammonium salt solutions prepared as described in Example I were treated with 1% solutions of aluminum formate, copper acetate and antimony chloride respectively for 10 minutes at 120 F. The fabrics were then thoroughly rinsed and dried. The treated fabrics had a full firm hand and were resistant to washing.
- Example Ill One thousand parts of a 7% aqueous solution of the ammonium salt of the copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride were mixed with parts of powdered CaCOs and ball milled for 24 hours. Samples of spun rayon and cotton sheeting were immersed in the dispersion thus prepared and then padded, the pad being adjusted to deposit on the fabric 7% solids. The treated fabrics were then dried at 200 F. for 5 minutes and cured for 5 minutes at 280 F. The resulting fabrics were resistant to washing and had a stiff finish.
- Example IV One thousand parts of a 7% aqueous solution of the ammonium salt of the copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride and 20 parts of powdered zinc carbonate were stirred vigorously to form a dispersion of the zinc carbonate in the copolymer salt solution.
- a spun viscose rayon fabric was immersed in the resulting dispersion ill immediately after the dispersion had been prepared and the fabric was then squeezed between pad rolls using a pressure of pounds per linear inch on the rolls. The fabric was then framed and dried at 200 F. for 30 minutes. The resulting fabric had a stiff finish which was resistant to laundering.
- Example V One thousand parts of a 7% aqueous solution of the ammonium salt of the copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride and 20 parts of powdered ferric phosphate were stirred vigorously to form a dispersion of the ferric phosphate in the copolymer salt solution.
- a spun viscose rayon fabric was immersed in the resulting dispersion immediately after the dispersion had been prepared and the fabric was then squeezed between pad rolls using a pressure of 160 pounds per linear inch on the rolls. The fabric was then framed and dried at 200 F. for 30 minutes. The dried fabric had a crisp, stiff finish which was not materially altered by washing with a 1% soap solution for 5 minutes.
- Example VI One thousand parts of a 7% aqueous solution of the ammonium salt of the copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride and 20 parts of powdered aluminum phosphate were stirred vigorously to form a dispersion of the aluminum phosphate in the copolymer salt solution.
- a spun viscose rayon fabric was immersed in the resulting dispersion immedaitely after the dispersion had been prepared and the fabric was then squeezed between pad rolls using a pressure of 160 pounds per linear inch on the rolls. The fabric was then framed and dried at 200 F. for 30 minutes. The resulting fabric had a stiff finish which was resistant to washing.
- the process is also applicable to acetate rayon, nylon, glass, linen, flax, hemp, jute, ramie, wool, silk, cuprammonium rayon and synthetic protein fabrics, and fabrics containing mixtures and blends of any of the above materials.
- the finishing agents described herein By treating fabrics with the finishing agents described herein, a substantially permanent, stiffened finish is obtained, due to the fact that only relatively small amounts of the dried and reacted resin are lost on washing, i. e. of the order of 2 to 10%.
- the finished fabric is also smooth and substantially free of dusting in contrast to the well-known starch treated fabrics.
- the resin When the resin is applied to the warp yarn and insolubilized thereon, there is the further advantage that the weaving operation is improved owing to the higher tensile strength of the yarn, its increased resistance to abrasion, and its generally stiffened character.
- the fabric prepared from treated yarn has the desired finish characteristics without further treatment, but if desired it may be subjected to additional finishing operations.
- the styrene-maleic salt may also be applied to the yarn without insolubilization, after which the yarn is woven, and the metal salt solution is applied.
- aqueous solutions referred to in the appended claims are intended to include aqueous dispersions, as it is possible that the ammonium or amine salts in the solution are actually present in the form of a colloidal dispersion.
- the method of finishing a textile material which comprises treating the material with an aqueous dispersion of (1) a salt of a copolymer of a substance selected from the group consisting of styrene, methyl styrene, butyl styrene and chlor styrene with a substance selected from the group consisting of maleic anhydride and the half ester of isopropyl maleate, said salt being selected from the group consisting of alkali and amine salts, and (2) from about 5 to 30% by weight, based on the salt of the copolymer, of calcium carbonate, said dispersion being supplied in an amount sufiicient to provide from about 1 to by Weight of the salt of the copolymer, based on the material, and from about 5 to 30% by Weight of said calcium carbonate based on the salt of the copolymer, and then drying the material at a temperature of 180 to 300 F. to form the insoluble calcium salt of said copolymer.
- the method of finishing a textile material which comprises treating the material with an aqueous dispersion of an ammonium salt of a copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride and from about 5 to by Weight, based on said ammonium salt, of calcium carbonate, said dispersion being supplied in an amount sufiicient to provide from about 1 to 10% by Weight of said ammonium salt, based on the material, and from about 5 to 30% by weight of said calcium carbonate, based on the ammonium salt thus applied, and then drying the material at a temperautre of to 300 F. to form the insoluble calcium salt of said copolymer.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
Description
TREATMENT or TEXTILE MATERIALS George E. Niles, Winchester, Massg, "assignortdMonsanto Chemical Company, St. Louis,"M0.,- a cor orationof 'Belaware No Drawing, Application February 24,1951, Serial N0. "212,697
2 Eiaims. i(Cl. 117-4395) This invention relatesto'improved textile finishing'nia- .terials, and methodsof treating yarns and fabrics therewith.
It is common practice to treat yarns and fabrics with starch solutions in order to impart a relatively stiffened finish thereto. Starched fabrics however lose their stiffuened character and appearance after a' singlmwashing,
:and alsotend to dust out.
Furthermore, fabrics treated with starch finishes will not retain the StlfieIlBd"-filllSh after mild washings.
It is the primary object of the -presentinventionfto provide a substantially permanent stii'fenedfinishfwhich cannot be appreciably removed by ordinary washing operations and is substantially-free of dusting.
.Still further objects and advantages-. ofthe invention will appear from the following-description and. appended claims.
In accomplishing the above objectsthe yarn or fabric is treated, as by dipping-or spraying, with an -aqueous solution or dispersion of an alkali or amine salt, including sodium, potassium, ammonium and quaternary-ammonium salts of copolymerized styrene-maleic anhydride, after which the yarn is treated with a-=dilute solution of a metal salt. The treated fabric is then dried, whereby an insoluble salt of thecopolymer is formed, which remains on the fabric after Washing and provides a substantially permanent :finish.
Suitable ammonium or amine salts ofthe copolymer include the salts of ammonia,
guanidine, 'al-kylamines,
such as'methyl, butyl and arnyl amine, andz'quaternary =ammonium hydroxides, such 'asphenyl .triniethyl ammonium hydroxide.
The concentration of the styrene-maleie salt solution and the pick-up should 'be adjusted to depositonthe fabric from 2 to 15% byweight of the styrene-maleicgsalt,
but preferably between about 4 and 7%. The r'netallsalt solution employed is generallydilute, asonly small sec- .tions of cloth are sub ected to thissolution at any-one time. the solution may be varied in accordance with the con- Moreover, the timeof immersionof theicloth in centration. In general, solutions of 'about 1 to -2% strength are used, but stronger solutions may be employed, if desired.
' If the metal salt is water-soluble, it may be applied to the fabric before the salt of the anhydride is-applied,
.or after the salt of the anhydride is applied but before ,drying, .or it may be applied after'thesaltof-the anhydride is applied and dried. I
lncases in which the metal salt is insolublejin water,
.these salts are first dispersed in the aqueousba-th of the salt of the anhydride before beingapplied. In such instances from S-to 30% by weight of 'the' Water-soluble metal salt, based on the weight of the salt of the anhydride in the bath, is generally used. "'Be'st 're'sults are obtained by using from 1 to 30% by weight .of the'waterinsoluble metal salt based on the weight of'the"salt of soluble metal salt and the :salt'of-the copolymer is-supplied, in general, in an amount sufiicient toprovidefrom about 1 to 10% by weight of the'salt'of the-c p Iymer, based on the fabric or yarn, and from =to- 30%; by weight of the-water-insoluble metal .salt, based onsthe United States Patent'() 2 weight ofhthe salt of the copolymerqapplied. -Best're- *sultsare obtained .by applying from 1 to 7%"by-weight "of the salt of the copolymer,-based on the fabric or yarn,
and-froml0 to 30%':by-weight of the water-insoluble yarn "which is dried at the lower temperatures.
-The metal salts which maybe used for the purpose --of-this invention are salts of aluminum, antimony, -ar- -senic,-barium,- beryllium, bismuth, cadmium, calcium, cerium, cesium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, platinum, silver, strontium, tin, zinc and zirconium. A large -variety of Water-insoluble metal salts areuseful in-the'compositionsand methods 'of this invention. One particularly suitable class of'water-insoluble salts-are the water-insoluble salts of metals of Group II -A of the;periodictable, that is, water-insoluble salts of beryllium suchas berylliumcarbonate, Water-insoluble salts of magnesium such as magnesium pyrophosphate,-t ribasic magnesium phosphate andthe like and water-insoluble salts of calcium and barium such as calcium or barium -'carbonate, oxalate, triphosphate, sulfate and the'like. The water-insoluble salts, and particularly the water- "insoluble carbonates, of-Group II A metalsare preferred.
-It is alsopossible to use water-insoluble salts of metals of Group llB of the periodic table, that is, water-insoluble'saltsof zinc, cadmiumand mercury. As examples of 'such"'salts=,may.--be mentioned the oxalates and tribasic "phosphatesof these metals including the'mercuric and --mercurous* compounds, zinc and cadmium carbonate, inkercurous carbonate, basic mercuric carbonate and the *1 e.
Water insoluble salts of metals of Group I B of the periodic table,-that is, water-insoluble salts ofcopper, silverand gold are generally suitable. As examples oi suchsalts may be mentioned basic cupric carbonate, tribasic'cupric phosphate, cupric oxalate, cuprous carbonate, silver -pyrophosphate, silver carbonate-and -the -like. 1 The use of water-insoluble salts of copper j is particularly advantageous since-such salts react'w'ith the salt of the copolymer on drying on the material to form an insoluble finish on the material consisting of the copper salt of the copolymer which is not only resistant to laundering but is also resistance to "fungus and bacteria.
It is also possible in accordance with this invention "to"u'se'water insoluble salts of metals of Group III A Tof-"the 'p'eri'odictable, for example, the Water-insoluble salts of aluminum, As examples of suitable water-insoluble aluminum salts maybe mentioned aluminum-oxittllatefkaluminum phosphate, basic aluminum acetate and In general, the water-insoluble salts of metals of roup 'I'V'Aand IVB of the periodictable areuseful. T-hus, itispossible to use such water-insoluble-he'avy :metal saltsets basic zirconiumoxalate, titanium sulfate -[Ti2 (SO4")-3], st-annicphosphate andthe like.
it-"is atso'possible to use water-insoluble salts of the metals of Group VlII of the periodic table, that is, waterinsolu-ble salts of iron, cobalt and nickel. As examples of suchwat'e'rinsoluble salts may be mentioned basic ferric 'acetate, ferricpyrophosphate, ferric phosphate, cobaltous carbonate, cobaltous phosphate, nickelcarbonate, basic nickel carbonate, nickel phosphate, nickel oxalate and the like.
. The copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride used in accordance W'ithfthis invention is a well established product 'which may be prepared in several ways. One of the welbk'nown methods is mass polymerization; which involves heat'ing'styrene and maleic anhydride at tem- .Peratures between about and"300 F. for several hours or more. Preferably, the materials are heated cautiously, as in a water bath. Another method which may be used is known as the solvent process which involves reacting the styrene and maleic anhydride at slightly elevated temperatures in the presence of a solvent which is capable of dissolving both the starting materials and the finished polymer, such as acetone. If desired, the copolymerization may be carried out in the presence of a catalyst, such as benzoyl peroxide. Still another method which can be used is the solvent-non-solvent method which involves carrying out the reaction as above, but in a solvent which is capable of dissolving only the starting material and not the final copolymer.
The copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride produced by the above or by any other well-known method of manufacture is soluble in acetone, but insoluble in alcohol or benzene, and forms water-soluble salts of ammonia or alkali metals. Instead of styrene, substituted styrenes, such as methyl or butyl styrene, chlorostyrene or the like, may be used to prepare copolymers which are soluble in dilute aqueous solutions of alkali or ammonia. Instead of maleic anhydride, partially esterified maleic anhydride, such as the half ester of isopropyl maleate, may be used. It is also possible to prepare and use in accordance with this invention copolymers of styrene and maleic anhydride which have been copolymerized with relatively small amounts of other unsaturated compounds, such as vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinyl ethyl ether, indene, vinyl methyl ketone, acrylic esters and the like.
A further understanding of the invention will be obtained from the following examples, the parts being given by weight.
Example I A solution of an ammonium salt of a styrene-maleic anhydride resin was prepared by mixing together 600 parts of styrene-maleic anhydride, prepared by copolymerizing equimolecular quantities of styrene and maleic anhydride at about 200 F. in a water bath, 400 parts of 26% NH4OI-I and 9000 parts of water. The resulting mixture was then heated to 200 to 212 F. with stirring, and maintained at this temperature until a uniform, somewhat viscous transparent solution resulted. This required about one hour.
Spun rayon fabric and heavy cotton sheeting were dipped in the bath prepared as described above, after -which it was passed through a padder adusted for 100% pick-up. The bath was maintained at about 120 F. during the treatment to insure uniform penetration. The treated sheeting was then dried, after which the dried sheeting was immersed in a 2% zirconium oxychloride solution for minutes at 120 F. Following this the treated fabric was thoroughly rinsed and dried. The finished fabric was resistant to washing and showed good water-repellency.
Example II Samples of spun rayon fabric and cotton fabric treated with ammonium salt solutions prepared as described in Example I were treated with 1% solutions of aluminum formate, copper acetate and antimony chloride respectively for 10 minutes at 120 F. The fabrics were then thoroughly rinsed and dried. The treated fabrics had a full firm hand and were resistant to washing.
Example Ill One thousand parts of a 7% aqueous solution of the ammonium salt of the copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride were mixed with parts of powdered CaCOs and ball milled for 24 hours. Samples of spun rayon and cotton sheeting were immersed in the dispersion thus prepared and then padded, the pad being adjusted to deposit on the fabric 7% solids. The treated fabrics were then dried at 200 F. for 5 minutes and cured for 5 minutes at 280 F. The resulting fabrics were resistant to washing and had a stiff finish.
Example IV One thousand parts of a 7% aqueous solution of the ammonium salt of the copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride and 20 parts of powdered zinc carbonate were stirred vigorously to form a dispersion of the zinc carbonate in the copolymer salt solution. A spun viscose rayon fabric was immersed in the resulting dispersion ill immediately after the dispersion had been prepared and the fabric was then squeezed between pad rolls using a pressure of pounds per linear inch on the rolls. The fabric was then framed and dried at 200 F. for 30 minutes. The resulting fabric had a stiff finish which was resistant to laundering.
Example V One thousand parts of a 7% aqueous solution of the ammonium salt of the copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride and 20 parts of powdered ferric phosphate were stirred vigorously to form a dispersion of the ferric phosphate in the copolymer salt solution. A spun viscose rayon fabric was immersed in the resulting dispersion immediately after the dispersion had been prepared and the fabric was then squeezed between pad rolls using a pressure of 160 pounds per linear inch on the rolls. The fabric was then framed and dried at 200 F. for 30 minutes. The dried fabric had a crisp, stiff finish which was not materially altered by washing with a 1% soap solution for 5 minutes.
Example VI One thousand parts of a 7% aqueous solution of the ammonium salt of the copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride and 20 parts of powdered aluminum phosphate were stirred vigorously to form a dispersion of the aluminum phosphate in the copolymer salt solution. A spun viscose rayon fabric was immersed in the resulting dispersion immedaitely after the dispersion had been prepared and the fabric was then squeezed between pad rolls using a pressure of 160 pounds per linear inch on the rolls. The fabric was then framed and dried at 200 F. for 30 minutes. The resulting fabric had a stiff finish which was resistant to washing.
Although the examples refer to the treatment of cotton and viscose fabrics, the process is also applicable to acetate rayon, nylon, glass, linen, flax, hemp, jute, ramie, wool, silk, cuprammonium rayon and synthetic protein fabrics, and fabrics containing mixtures and blends of any of the above materials.
By treating fabrics with the finishing agents described herein, a substantially permanent, stiffened finish is obtained, due to the fact that only relatively small amounts of the dried and reacted resin are lost on washing, i. e. of the order of 2 to 10%. The finished fabric is also smooth and substantially free of dusting in contrast to the well-known starch treated fabrics. When the resin is applied to the warp yarn and insolubilized thereon, there is the further advantage that the weaving operation is improved owing to the higher tensile strength of the yarn, its increased resistance to abrasion, and its generally stiffened character. The fabric prepared from treated yarn has the desired finish characteristics without further treatment, but if desired it may be subjected to additional finishing operations. The styrene-maleic salt may also be applied to the yarn without insolubilization, after which the yarn is woven, and the metal salt solution is applied.
It is customary to apply the sizing or finishing materials described herein to yarns or fabrics. However, it is possible to obtain similar results by treating fibers, either initially or at any stage of their processing prior to spinning, after which the fibers may be spun and woven to obtain fabrics of the desired finish characteristics. Yarns prepared from such treated fibers may also be readily woven. It is also possible to treat in accordance with this invention fibers which are to be used as such, as for example in cotton batting, or in the preparation of non-woven fabrics.
It is believed that the insolubility, resistance to washing and water-repellency of fabrics treated according to this invention are due to the metathesis of the metal ion for the ammonium or alkali ion in the salt of the styrenemaleic anhydride copolymer. This exchange may take place before, during or after the drying operation.
It should be understood that the aqueous solutions referred to in the appended claims are intended to include aqueous dispersions, as it is possible that the ammonium or amine salts in the solution are actually present in the form of a colloidal dispersion.
This application is a continuation-in-part of my. copending application Serial No. 770,943, filed August -27,
1947, now U. S. Patent No. 2,586,477 issued February 19, 1952.
What is claimed is:
1. The method of finishing a textile material which comprises treating the material with an aqueous dispersion of (1) a salt of a copolymer of a substance selected from the group consisting of styrene, methyl styrene, butyl styrene and chlor styrene with a substance selected from the group consisting of maleic anhydride and the half ester of isopropyl maleate, said salt being selected from the group consisting of alkali and amine salts, and (2) from about 5 to 30% by weight, based on the salt of the copolymer, of calcium carbonate, said dispersion being supplied in an amount sufiicient to provide from about 1 to by Weight of the salt of the copolymer, based on the material, and from about 5 to 30% by Weight of said calcium carbonate based on the salt of the copolymer, and then drying the material at a temperature of 180 to 300 F. to form the insoluble calcium salt of said copolymer.
2. The method of finishing a textile material which comprises treating the material with an aqueous dispersion of an ammonium salt of a copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride and from about 5 to by Weight, based on said ammonium salt, of calcium carbonate, said dispersion being supplied in an amount sufiicient to provide from about 1 to 10% by Weight of said ammonium salt, based on the material, and from about 5 to 30% by weight of said calcium carbonate, based on the ammonium salt thus applied, and then drying the material at a temperautre of to 300 F. to form the insoluble calcium salt of said copolymer.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,976,679 Fikentscher et al Oct. 9, 1934 2,356,879 Pense et al Aug. 29, 1944 OTHER REFERENCES Hackhs Chemical Dictionary, 3rd ed., Blackiston, Philadelphia (1944), p. 344.
Claims (1)
1. THE METHOD OF FINISHING A TEXTILE MATERIAL WHICH COMPRISING TREATING THE MATERIAL WITH A AQUEOUS DISPERSION OF (1) A SALT OF COPOLYMER OF A SUBSTANCE SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF STYRENE, METHYL STYRENE, BUTYL STYRENE AND CHLOR STYRENE WITH A SUBSTANCE SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF MALEIC, SAID ANHYDRIDE AND THE HALF ESTER OF ISOPROPYL MALEATE, SAID SALT AMINE SALTS, AND (2) THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ALKALI AND AMINE SALTS, AND (2) FROM ABOUT 5 TO 30% BY WEIGHT, BASED ON THE SALT OF THE COPOLYMER, OF CALCIUM CARBONATE, SAID DISPERSION BEING SUPPLIED IN AN AMOUNT SUFFICIENT TO PROVIDE FROM ABOUT 1 TO 10% BY WEIGHT OF THE SALT OF THE COPOLUMER, BASED ON THE MATERIAL, AND FROM ABOUT 5 TO 30% BY WEIGHT OF SAID CALCIUM CARBONATE BASED IN THE SALT OF THE COPOLYMER, AND THEN DRYING THE MATERIAL AT A TEMPERATURE OF 180 TO 300 F. TO FORM THE INSOLUBLE CALCIUM SALT OF SAID COPOLYMER.
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3002953A (en) * | 1956-02-01 | 1961-10-03 | Wacker Chemie Gmbh | Process for producing polymerizates |
US3003988A (en) * | 1958-10-16 | 1961-10-10 | Clark Cleveland Inc | Stabilizer for dentures |
US3134757A (en) * | 1958-09-24 | 1964-05-26 | Dow Chemical Co | N,n'-mercuribisacrylamide compounds |
US3296131A (en) * | 1965-10-22 | 1967-01-03 | Sinclair Research Inc | Antifoamer for hydrocarbon oils |
US3642510A (en) * | 1968-02-01 | 1972-02-15 | Matsumoto Chemical Industry Co | Process for preparing titanium oxide pigment having high dispersibility in hydrophobic systems |
US5290849A (en) * | 1992-11-06 | 1994-03-01 | Monsanto Company | Polymer solution for sizing paper |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US1976679A (en) * | 1930-05-26 | 1934-10-09 | Ig Farbenindustrie Ag | Production of dispersions |
US2356879A (en) * | 1939-12-12 | 1944-08-29 | Pense Walter | Process of preparing lustrous coatings |
-
1951
- 1951-02-24 US US212697A patent/US2698264A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1976679A (en) * | 1930-05-26 | 1934-10-09 | Ig Farbenindustrie Ag | Production of dispersions |
US2356879A (en) * | 1939-12-12 | 1944-08-29 | Pense Walter | Process of preparing lustrous coatings |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3002953A (en) * | 1956-02-01 | 1961-10-03 | Wacker Chemie Gmbh | Process for producing polymerizates |
US3134757A (en) * | 1958-09-24 | 1964-05-26 | Dow Chemical Co | N,n'-mercuribisacrylamide compounds |
US3003988A (en) * | 1958-10-16 | 1961-10-10 | Clark Cleveland Inc | Stabilizer for dentures |
US3296131A (en) * | 1965-10-22 | 1967-01-03 | Sinclair Research Inc | Antifoamer for hydrocarbon oils |
US3642510A (en) * | 1968-02-01 | 1972-02-15 | Matsumoto Chemical Industry Co | Process for preparing titanium oxide pigment having high dispersibility in hydrophobic systems |
US5290849A (en) * | 1992-11-06 | 1994-03-01 | Monsanto Company | Polymer solution for sizing paper |
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