US2673142A - Electric heating element - Google Patents

Electric heating element Download PDF

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Publication number
US2673142A
US2673142A US87754A US8775449A US2673142A US 2673142 A US2673142 A US 2673142A US 87754 A US87754 A US 87754A US 8775449 A US8775449 A US 8775449A US 2673142 A US2673142 A US 2673142A
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Prior art keywords
coating
plate
medium
conducting
design
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US87754A
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Theodore W Glynn
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Blue Ridge Glass Corp
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Blue Ridge Glass Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/52—Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
    • C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
    • C04B41/89—Coating or impregnation for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H05B3/265—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters

Definitions

  • Heating elements made by the deposition of an electrically conducting grid on ceramic plates have the defect that the grid (generally of aluminum, silver, etc.) is subject to injury, thereby impairing the efficiency of the element and, furthermore, the grids unless protected by a second and non-conducting plate are liable to be shortcircuited or grounded.
  • the grid generally of aluminum, silver, etc.
  • My invention has for its object a construction in which these objections are overcome. and to a method of applying and protecting the grid by which such improved heating elements may be more cheaply produced and for these ends consists in the feature hereinafter described and claimed.
  • Figure 1 is a fragmental front view of a plate embodying my invention.
  • Figure 2 is a section on line 2-2 thereof.
  • the plate A may be of tempered glass coated with the selected conducting material B, say, aluminum, by a Schoop gun. Upon this uniform coating is impressed a design desired for the grid by placing over the coated plate a silk screen and applying thereto a medium having the characteristics set forth below. The medium passing through the silk screen imprints on the conducting coating the design of the grid. The plate with the medium thereon is then dried and baked at a temperature sufficient to harden and set the compound. The plate is then subjected to the action of a solvent capable of dissolving the conducting coating With which it may come in contact, but inert as to the baked medium. Thus, the deposited metallic coating is locally removed from the plate to leave the selected design for the grid thereon, all parts of the grid being covered by the hard and set medium C.
  • a solvent capable of dissolving the conducting coating With which it may come in contact, but inert as to the baked medium.
  • the medium to be used should have the following properties:
  • the silicone varnish above referred to is one produced by the Dow-Corning Company and is a Well-known article of commerce. It is used as the vehicle for the other ingredients and is selected for that purpose because of its heat-resisting properties.
  • the titanium dioxide and silica are llers and serve to chanen the varnish to fit it for the silk screen process. Neither detracts from the insulating properties of the baked compound.
  • the lamp black serves to give color to the design and to thusrre'nder inspection easier. It also increases the radiation from the exposed surface of the grid and should not be used Where it is desired to suppress radiation from that side.
  • the plate with the design indicated thereon by the medium should then .be baked or cured at a, temperature of 250 C. for five minutes.
  • the baking or curing temperature and time above given are subject to variation. It is only necessary that the medium is set sufliciently to withstand the action of the solution to be subsequently applied, the nal curing being eiected when the plate is put in use as a heater. Likewise they are affected by the grade used. If silicone #803 is used insteadof #996 the medium will air dry in 'about 16 hours and be ready for the solvent.
  • the solvent for the metallic coating is one tted to dissolve the latter at points to which it will be further found that the baked mediumv adhers closely to the metal on whichit is deposited, forming a non-conducting and hard coating, thus protecting the metali andipreventing short-circuit and grounding on4 accidental contacts.
  • the hereinafter described method of making a heating element which comprises coating the surface of a ceramic plate with a metallic conducting coating, printing on such coating through a silk screen a selecteddesign in a medium comprising a ⁇ silicone varnish anda filler of ⁇ non-conducting inorganic compounds of good heat stability, andlamp black, baking the plate with the design thereon,l and ⁇ removing the exposed portions ofthe metallic coating by a solvent inert to the printing medium.
  • the hereinafter described method of making a heating element which comprises coating the surface of a ceramic plate with a metallic conducting coating, printing on such coating through a silk screen a selected design in a medium comprising a silicone varnish and a filler of non-conducting inorganic compounds of good heat stability, drying the plate with the design thereon and-removing the exposed portions, of the metallic coating by a solvent inert to the printing medium.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Printing Methods (AREA)

Description

March 23 T. w. GLYNN 2,673,142
I ELECTRIC HEATING ELEMENT' Filed April l5, 1949 'Fl G. l.'
JNVENTOR. THeoDoRE W. GLYNN A TTOR NE YS Patented Mar. 23, l1954 ELECTRIC HEATING ELEMENT Theodore W. Glynn, Kin to Blue Ridge Glass Tenn., a corporation of gsport, Tenn., assignor Corporation, Kingsport, New York Application April 15, 1949, Serial No. 87,754
4 Claims. 1
Heating elements made by the deposition of an electrically conducting grid on ceramic plates have the defect that the grid (generally of aluminum, silver, etc.) is subject to injury, thereby impairing the efficiency of the element and, furthermore, the grids unless protected by a second and non-conducting plate are liable to be shortcircuited or grounded. I
My invention has for its object a construction in which these objections are overcome. and to a method of applying and protecting the grid by which such improved heating elements may be more cheaply produced and for these ends consists in the feature hereinafter described and claimed.
Referring to the accompanying drawings in which similar parts are designated by similar marks of reference,
Figure 1 is a fragmental front view of a plate embodying my invention.
Figure 2 is a section on line 2-2 thereof.
The plate A may be of tempered glass coated with the selected conducting material B, say, aluminum, by a Schoop gun. Upon this uniform coating is impressed a design desired for the grid by placing over the coated plate a silk screen and applying thereto a medium having the characteristics set forth below. The medium passing through the silk screen imprints on the conducting coating the design of the grid. The plate with the medium thereon is then dried and baked at a temperature sufficient to harden and set the compound. The plate is then subjected to the action of a solvent capable of dissolving the conducting coating With which it may come in contact, but inert as to the baked medium. Thus, the deposited metallic coating is locally removed from the plate to leave the selected design for the grid thereon, all parts of the grid being covered by the hard and set medium C.
The medium to be used should have the following properties:
(a) Suitable viscosity and workability so that silk screen application is possible.
(b) After air drying or baking must be capable of protecting the aluminum coating from attack by the etching agent. The baking temperature should be as low as possible from the cost standpoint and cannot exceed the destraining temper ature of the glass.
(c) Must adhere rmly to the aluminum so it is not removed in the washing operation that follows the etching process.
(d) Since it is to be left in place on the heater plate, it must be capable of enduring the operating temperature of the plate indefinitely without deteration, discoloration, or oxidation, or change in electrical insulating properties.
(e) Must be odorless at the operating temperature of the plate.
(f) Must be an electrical insulator (g) Must be sufiiciently elastic so that it will not crack or peel off of the plate under repeated cycles of heating and cooling.
(h) Must have sufficient abrasion resistance so that it is not scraped or knocked oi the plate in ordinary handling operations before it is nally installed in the heating device.
(i) Must offer permanent protection to the aluminum against the attack of acids, alkalies and corrosive fumes which might be encountered in its final service as a heating device.
I find that these properties are found in the mixture of i Parts Silicone #996 varnish 860 Ground titanium dioxide 89o Ground silica 29 Lamp black 21 In this mixture the silicone varnish above referred to is one produced by the Dow-Corning Company and is a Well-known article of commerce. It is used as the vehicle for the other ingredients and is selected for that purpose because of its heat-resisting properties. The titanium dioxide and silica are llers and serve to stiften the varnish to fit it for the silk screen process. Neither detracts from the insulating properties of the baked compound. The lamp black serves to give color to the design and to thusrre'nder inspection easier. It also increases the radiation from the exposed surface of the grid and should not be used Where it is desired to suppress radiation from that side.
The plate with the design indicated thereon by the medium should then .be baked or cured at a, temperature of 250 C. for five minutes. The baking or curing temperature and time above given are subject to variation. It is only necessary that the medium is set sufliciently to withstand the action of the solution to be subsequently applied, the nal curing being eiected when the plate is put in use as a heater. Likewise they are affected by the grade used. If silicone #803 is used insteadof #996 the medium will air dry in 'about 16 hours and be ready for the solvent.
The solvent for the metallic coating is one tted to dissolve the latter at points to which It will be further found that the baked mediumv adhers closely to the metal on whichit is deposited, forming a non-conducting and hard coating, thus protecting the metali andipreventing short-circuit and grounding on4 accidental contacts.
What I claimy is: i
1. The hereinafter described method of making a heating element which comprises coating the surface of a ceramic` plate with a metallic conducting coating; printing on such coating:
through asilkscreena selected` design in. a medium comprising a silicone varnish and aller of non-conducting inorganic compounds of good heat stability, baking the plate with the design thereon and removingthe` exposed portionsof the metallic coating by a solvent inert to theprinting medium;`
2. The hereinafter described method of making a heating element which comprises coating the surface of a ceramic plate with a metallic conducting coating, printing on such coating through a silk screen a selecteddesign in a medium comprising a `silicone varnish anda filler of` non-conducting inorganic compounds of good heat stability, andlamp black, baking the plate with the design thereon,l and` removing the exposed portions ofthe metallic coating by a solvent inert to the printing medium.
3. The hereinafter described method of making a heating element which comprises coating the surface of a ceramic plate with a metallic conducting coating, printing on such coating through a silk screen a selected design in a medium comprising a silicone varnish and a filler of non-conducting inorganic compounds of good heat stability, drying the plate with the design thereon and-removing the exposed portions, of the metallic coating by a solvent inert to the printing medium.
4. The hereinafter described method of makingarheating element which comprises coating the surface of a ceramic plate with a metallic conducting coating, printing on such coating through'a `silkescreen a selected design in a medium comprising a silicone varnish and a filler offnon-conducting inorganic compounds of good heat stability, drying the plate with the design thereon sufiiciently to resist the solvent subsequently applied, removing exposed portions of the metallic coating by a solvent' inert tothe `printing mediumandthereafter drying and curingy saidmediumunder theheating effect cftheelectric current admitted to the metallic coating.v
THEODORE" W.l GLYNN,
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date `648,518 Ochs May 1, 1900 2,022,827 Ruben Dec. 3, 1935 2,081,894 Meyer i May 25,1937 2,460,795 Warrick Feb. 1, 1949A FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country i Date 101,011 Australia May 20, 1937 342,300 GreatBritain Jan. 28, 193,1 461,275 Great Britain Feb. 15, 193,7

Claims (1)

1. THE HEREINAFTER DESCRIBED METHOD OF MAKING A HEATING ELEMENT WHICH COMPRISES COATING THE SURFACE OF A CERAMIC PLATE WITH A METALLIC CONDUCTING COATING, PRINTING ON SUCH COATING THROUGH A SILK SCREEN A SELECTED DESIGN IN A MEDIUM COMPRISING A SILICONE VARNISH AND A FILLER OF NON-CONDUCTING INORGANIC COMPOUNDS OF GOOD HEAT STABILITY, BAKING THE PLATE WITH THE DESIGN THEREON AND REMOVING THE EXPOSED PORTIONS OF THE METALLIC COATING BY A SOLVENT INERT TO THE PRINTING MDEIUM.
US87754A 1949-04-15 1949-04-15 Electric heating element Expired - Lifetime US2673142A (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2976386A (en) * 1958-03-31 1961-03-21 Lewis L Salton Electric food warmers
US3067530A (en) * 1959-12-23 1962-12-11 Bolsey Jacques Projection screen adapted to have writing applied thereto
US3113896A (en) * 1961-01-31 1963-12-10 Space Technology Lab Inc Electron beam masking for etching electrical circuits
US3539407A (en) * 1967-07-28 1970-11-10 Buckbee Mears Co Metallized glass master plates for photoprinting
US4293377A (en) * 1978-06-29 1981-10-06 Rogers Corporation Manufacturing method for circuit board
US20050002659A1 (en) * 2001-10-09 2005-01-06 Stylianos Panaghe Radiant electric heating element
US20050025470A1 (en) * 2001-12-19 2005-02-03 Elias Russegger Method for the production of an electrically conductive resistive layer and heating and/or cooling device

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US648518A (en) * 1899-09-16 1900-05-01 Karl Ochs Electrical resistance.
AU101011B (en) * 1911-04-26 1911-05-23 Derry Robert Improvements in or relating tothe curing of india rubber
GB342300A (en) * 1929-10-28 1931-01-28 Hotpoint Electric Appliance Co Improvements in and relating to electric heating units
US2022827A (en) * 1935-12-03 Samuel ruben
GB461275A (en) * 1935-08-15 1937-02-15 Pilkington Brothers Ltd Improved electric heating apparatus and method of making it
US2081894A (en) * 1934-02-12 1937-05-25 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Resistance body made from semiconductive substances
US2460795A (en) * 1944-10-03 1949-02-01 Corning Glass Works Method for making rubbery polymeric organo-siloxane compositions

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2022827A (en) * 1935-12-03 Samuel ruben
US648518A (en) * 1899-09-16 1900-05-01 Karl Ochs Electrical resistance.
AU101011B (en) * 1911-04-26 1911-05-23 Derry Robert Improvements in or relating tothe curing of india rubber
GB342300A (en) * 1929-10-28 1931-01-28 Hotpoint Electric Appliance Co Improvements in and relating to electric heating units
US2081894A (en) * 1934-02-12 1937-05-25 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Resistance body made from semiconductive substances
GB461275A (en) * 1935-08-15 1937-02-15 Pilkington Brothers Ltd Improved electric heating apparatus and method of making it
US2460795A (en) * 1944-10-03 1949-02-01 Corning Glass Works Method for making rubbery polymeric organo-siloxane compositions

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2976386A (en) * 1958-03-31 1961-03-21 Lewis L Salton Electric food warmers
US3067530A (en) * 1959-12-23 1962-12-11 Bolsey Jacques Projection screen adapted to have writing applied thereto
US3113896A (en) * 1961-01-31 1963-12-10 Space Technology Lab Inc Electron beam masking for etching electrical circuits
US3539407A (en) * 1967-07-28 1970-11-10 Buckbee Mears Co Metallized glass master plates for photoprinting
US4293377A (en) * 1978-06-29 1981-10-06 Rogers Corporation Manufacturing method for circuit board
US20050002659A1 (en) * 2001-10-09 2005-01-06 Stylianos Panaghe Radiant electric heating element
US7764873B2 (en) * 2001-10-09 2010-07-27 Stylianos Panaghe Radiant electricating element with printed heating and ceramic tracks
US20050025470A1 (en) * 2001-12-19 2005-02-03 Elias Russegger Method for the production of an electrically conductive resistive layer and heating and/or cooling device
US7361869B2 (en) * 2001-12-19 2008-04-22 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Method for the production of an electrically conductive resistive layer and heating and/or cooling device

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