US2632032A - Air cell vent - Google Patents

Air cell vent Download PDF

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US2632032A
US2632032A US106458A US10645849A US2632032A US 2632032 A US2632032 A US 2632032A US 106458 A US106458 A US 106458A US 10645849 A US10645849 A US 10645849A US 2632032 A US2632032 A US 2632032A
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cell
cup
air
seal
vent
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US106458A
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Gunnar A F Winckler
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Olin Industries Inc
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Olin Industries Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
    • H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/317—Re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/325—Re-sealable arrangements comprising deformable valve members, e.g. elastic or flexible valve members
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • FIG. 2 AIR CELL VENT Filed Jul 25, 1949 I-IG.I FIG. 2
  • This invention relates to improvements in pri-- mary cells and generally to improvements in pri-'- mary cells using an air depolarized cathode with a suitable electrolyte and a metal anode. More particularly the invention relates to improvements in cells functioning by the zinc-alkalicarbon-oxygen electro-chemical system.
  • Cells of the air depolarized type possess many advantages over primary cells of other types for certain uses.
  • One disadvantage of such cells is that they must be sealed during shelf life and at times when the are inactive when on intermittent operation. Otherwise the utility of the cell is destroyed by contamination of carbon dioxide from the air or by evaporation of water from the electrolyte.
  • I provide an air depolarized cell in which the cathode is in the form of a cup and may serve as the outer casing. Throughout most of its surface the cathode is covered by an outer casing, or is otherwise treated to prevent passage of air. On one of the surfaces I provide a suitable vent through which air may be admitted to the cell. I also provide a seal or cover member adapted to fit over the surface of the cathode in which the vent is provided.
  • the cover or seal is made of rubber, synthetic rubber or one of the elastic plastic compositions, such as polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride or the like. It may be provided with a projection on its inner surface to be received in the vent opening in the electrode to form a more complete seal.
  • Fig. l is a front elevation of a cell, the lower part being shown in section to illustrate the construction of the seal;
  • Fig. 2 is an end elevation, the lower part being shown in section;
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the seal removed from the cell.
  • the reference numeral designates generally the carbon cup.
  • This cup is formed of a suitable moldable mixture of activated carbon and a plastic binder which will produce an electrode having the desired characteristics. It must be permeable to air to permit the oxygen from the air to reach the interface between the carbon electrode and the contained electrolyte. It must also be impermeable to the electrolyte solution as otherwise the pores or spaces in the carbon will become filled with electrolyte and thus block off the admission of air.
  • the cell may be of any desired size and shape and I have illustrated a cell which is oval in cross section consisting of front and. back walls 2 and 3 and rounded ends 4. The walls are joined by a bottom 5 on which buttons 6, serving as terminals, may be molded.
  • An anode 1 formed of a strip of zinc which is bent into U-shape forming two legs 8 and 9 (see Fig. 2) is arranged in the carbon cup being molded into a plastic cap it which snugly fits on the top of the carbon cup.
  • the electrode is provided with a portion ll extending through the plastic cap to serve as a terminal.
  • electrolytes Any of the usual electrolytes may be employed. In actual use I have employed a 25 percent sodium hydroxide solution.
  • the electrolyte is placed in the cup, as indicated at i2.
  • the electrolyte may be immobilized by known means, for example, by the addition of a suitable absorbent or by the addition of a suitable starch or gum.
  • the cathode may be provided with an outer casing or a portion of the interior surface of the electrode may be coated with a plastic binder impermeable to air.
  • an outer casing 13 This may be formed by electroplating the exterior of a portion of the carbon cup with metal.
  • the casing may be formed in any other manner as by spraying a metal coating, or a thin metal shell in which the carbon electrode is snugly received may be employed. To obtain optimum electrical contact it is desirable that there be intimate contact between the metal coating and the cup, such as is obtained by electroplating.
  • the coating I3 extends downwardly from the bottom of the plastic cap ill to a point adjacent the bottom of the cell.
  • the bottom wall 5 of the cell is provided with a recess [4 forming a vent. When the cell is in use air for depolarization enters through the vent l4.
  • the seal consists of a main portion l6 fitting over the bottom of the cell having depressions H in its surface to receive the buttons 6 and having a fiange I8 which is received on the bottom of the walls of the cell when the seal is in place. It may also be provided with a conical teat [9 of a size to be received within the vent M to efiectively seal the vent.
  • the seal I is formed of rubber, synthetic rubber, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride or other suitable elastic material. It fits tightly on the bottom of the cup I and is held in place by the flange 18. When it is in place, entranceof air to the cell is prevented and the life of the cell is preserved. Being flexible, it is distended by accumulation of gases within the cell, and permits such gases to escape. When the cell is to be used, the seal is removed and if the cell is to be inactive for any period of time, the seal may be replaced.
  • An air depolarized cell having vents for admission of air in one surface of the cell, means for preventing admission of air through the remainder of the exterior of the cell, and a flexible seal removably and replaceably mounted on the surface in which the vent is arranged, the seal-havingaflan e engaging adjacent surfaces of the cell to retain it in position the seal being capableof distendingto-permit escape of gases from the cell.
  • An air depolarized cell comprising a carbon cup forming a cathode,.a metal anode in the cup, an electrolyte solution therein, the walls of the cup being provided withmeans to prevent admission of air throughout most of the exterior of the cup, and being provided with a vent opening in the remaining portion, and an elastic seal removably and replaceably mounted on the cup over the vent Opening the seal being capable of distendingto permit escape of gases from the cell.
  • Anair depolarized cell comprising a carbon-cup forming a cathode, a metal anode in thecup, an electrolyte solution therein, the walls of the cup being'provided with meansto-prevent admission of air, the bottom of the cup being provided with a vent for admission of air, and an elastic seal removably and replaceably mounted over the bottom of the cup the seal being capable of distending to permit escape of gases from the cell.
  • An air depolarized cell comprising a carbon cup forming a cathode, a metal anode in the cup, an electrolyte solution therein, the walls of the cup being provided with means to prevent admission of air, the bottom of the cup being provided with a vent for admission of air, and an elastic seal removably and replaceably mounted over the bottom of the cup, the seal being provided with a flange engaging the walls of the cup to retain it in place the eal being capable of distending to permit escape of ases from the cell.
  • An air depolarized cell comprising a carbon eup forming a cathode, a metal anode mounted therein, an electrolyte in .the cup, a metal casing arranged over the Walls of the cup to prevent admission of air through the walls of the cup, and an elastic'seal removably and replaceably mounted over the bottom of the cup, the seal being provided with a flange engaging the walls of the cup to retain it in position and being provided with a projection on its inner face to be received in the vent in the bottom of the cup the seal being capable of distending to permit escape of gases from the cell.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)

Description

March 1953 G; A. F. WINCKLER 2,632,032
AIR CELL VENT Filed Jul 25, 1949 I-IG.I FIG. 2
INVENTOR.
'm'mar 14.1" #7120?! QM; MM
ATTORNEYS Patented Mar. 17, 1953 UNITED AIR CELL VENT Gunnar A. F. Winekler, Milford, Conn., assignor to Olin Industries, Inc., New Haven, Conn., a
corporation of Delaware Application July 22, 1949, Serial No. 106,458
(cries-13s) Claims.
This invention relates to improvements in pri-- mary cells and generally to improvements in pri-'- mary cells using an air depolarized cathode with a suitable electrolyte and a metal anode. More particularly the invention relates to improvements in cells functioning by the zinc-alkalicarbon-oxygen electro-chemical system.
Cells of the air depolarized type, particularly the zinc-alkali-carbon-oxygen type, possess many advantages over primary cells of other types for certain uses. One disadvantage of such cells is that they must be sealed during shelf life and at times when the are inactive when on intermittent operation. Otherwise the utility of the cell is destroyed by contamination of carbon dioxide from the air or by evaporation of water from the electrolyte.
It has been proposed to provide a cell of this type in which the cathode is provided with an outer casing or covering having an opening therein for the admission of air. when the cell is not in use, this opening is covered by a tape having an adhesive coating on one side. While the provision of such a tape overcomes the disadvantage mentioned above, its use is open to several objections. The adhesive coated tape is sticky and not easy to handle and is not readily replaceable When the cell is not in use. It frequently leaves a sticky residue on the case of the cell and it does not lend itself to mechanical application.
In the present invention I provide an air depolarized cell in which the cathode is in the form of a cup and may serve as the outer casing. Throughout most of its surface the cathode is covered by an outer casing, or is otherwise treated to prevent passage of air. On one of the surfaces I provide a suitable vent through which air may be admitted to the cell. I also provide a seal or cover member adapted to fit over the surface of the cathode in which the vent is provided. The cover or seal is made of rubber, synthetic rubber or one of the elastic plastic compositions, such as polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride or the like. It may be provided with a projection on its inner surface to be received in the vent opening in the electrode to form a more complete seal.
In the accompanying drawing I have shown one embodiment of the invention. In this showing:
Fig. l is a front elevation of a cell, the lower part being shown in section to illustrate the construction of the seal;
Fig. 2 is an end elevation, the lower part being shown in section; and
During shelf life, or
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the seal removed from the cell.
Referring to the drawing the reference numeral designates generally the carbon cup. This cup is formed of a suitable moldable mixture of activated carbon and a plastic binder which will produce an electrode having the desired characteristics. It must be permeable to air to permit the oxygen from the air to reach the interface between the carbon electrode and the contained electrolyte. It must also be impermeable to the electrolyte solution as otherwise the pores or spaces in the carbon will become filled with electrolyte and thus block off the admission of air.
The cell may be of any desired size and shape and I have illustrated a cell which is oval in cross section consisting of front and. back walls 2 and 3 and rounded ends 4. The walls are joined by a bottom 5 on which buttons 6, serving as terminals, may be molded.
An anode 1 formed of a strip of zinc which is bent into U-shape forming two legs 8 and 9 (see Fig. 2) is arranged in the carbon cup being molded into a plastic cap it which snugly fits on the top of the carbon cup. The electrode is provided with a portion ll extending through the plastic cap to serve as a terminal.
Any of the usual electrolytes may be employed. In actual use I have employed a 25 percent sodium hydroxide solution. The electrolyte is placed in the cup, as indicated at i2. The electrolyte may be immobilized by known means, for example, by the addition of a suitable absorbent or by the addition of a suitable starch or gum.
To prevent contamination of the cell by carbon dioxide from the air while the cell is on shelf life or during periods of inactivity when the cell is in intermittent use, the cathode may be provided with an outer casing or a portion of the interior surface of the electrode may be coated with a plastic binder impermeable to air. In the drawing I have illustrated an outer casing 13. This may be formed by electroplating the exterior of a portion of the carbon cup with metal. The casing may be formed in any other manner as by spraying a metal coating, or a thin metal shell in which the carbon electrode is snugly received may be employed. To obtain optimum electrical contact it is desirable that there be intimate contact between the metal coating and the cup, such as is obtained by electroplating.
As shown, the coating I3 extends downwardly from the bottom of the plastic cap ill to a point adjacent the bottom of the cell. The bottom wall 5 of the cell is provided with a recess [4 forming a vent. When the cell is in use air for depolarization enters through the vent l4.
At any time the cell is not in use, the admission of air is prevented by a cover or seal l5. As shown, the seal consists of a main portion l6 fitting over the bottom of the cell having depressions H in its surface to receive the buttons 6 and having a fiange I8 which is received on the bottom of the walls of the cell when the seal is in place. It may also be provided with a conical teat [9 of a size to be received within the vent M to efiectively seal the vent.
As stated, the seal I is formed of rubber, synthetic rubber, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride or other suitable elastic material. It fits tightly on the bottom of the cup I and is held in place by the flange 18. When it is in place, entranceof air to the cell is prevented and the life of the cell is preserved. Being flexible, it is distended by accumulation of gases within the cell, and permits such gases to escape. When the cell is to be used, the seal is removed and if the cell is to be inactive for any period of time, the seal may be replaced.
It will be apparent that a removable seal of this type possesses many advantages over the expedients heretofore employed for preserving the life of an air depolarized cell during periods of inactivity.
I claim:
1. An air depolarized cell having vents for admission of air in one surface of the cell, means for preventing admission of air through the remainder of the exterior of the cell, and a flexible seal removably and replaceably mounted on the surface in which the vent is arranged, the seal-havingaflan e engaging adjacent surfaces of the cell to retain it in position the seal being capableof distendingto-permit escape of gases from the cell.
2. An air depolarized cell comprising a carbon cup forming a cathode,.a metal anode in the cup, an electrolyte solution therein, the walls of the cup being provided withmeans to prevent admission of air throughout most of the exterior of the cup, and being provided with a vent opening in the remaining portion, and an elastic seal removably and replaceably mounted on the cup over the vent Opening the seal being capable of distendingto permit escape of gases from the cell.
,3. Anair depolarized cell comprising a carbon-cup forming a cathode, a metal anode in thecup, an electrolyte solution therein, the walls of the cup being'provided with meansto-prevent admission of air, the bottom of the cup being provided with a vent for admission of air, and an elastic seal removably and replaceably mounted over the bottom of the cup the seal being capable of distending to permit escape of gases from the cell.
4. An air depolarized cell comprising a carbon cup forming a cathode, a metal anode in the cup, an electrolyte solution therein, the walls of the cup being provided with means to prevent admission of air, the bottom of the cup being provided with a vent for admission of air, and an elastic seal removably and replaceably mounted over the bottom of the cup, the seal being provided with a flange engaging the walls of the cup to retain it in place the eal being capable of distending to permit escape of ases from the cell.
5. An air depolarized cell comprising a carbon eup forming a cathode, a metal anode mounted therein, an electrolyte in .the cup, a metal casing arranged over the Walls of the cup to prevent admission of air through the walls of the cup, and an elastic'seal removably and replaceably mounted over the bottom of the cup, the seal being provided with a flange engaging the walls of the cup to retain it in position and being provided with a projection on its inner face to be received in the vent in the bottom of the cup the seal being capable of distending to permit escape of gases from the cell.
GUNNAR A. F. WDN'CICLER.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 406,223 Lee July 2, 1889 686,642 Wayte Nov. 12, 1901 1,184,135 Rudolphs May 23, 1916 1,196,611 Tassin Aug. 29, 1916 1,484,779 Heise Feb. 26, 1924 1,549,851 Benner Aug. 18, 1925 1,650,319 Briggs NOV. 22, 1927 1,865,764 'Keen'an July 5, 1932 2,074,506 Heise Mar. 23, 1937 2,124,648 Brennan July 26, 1938 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 5,081 Great Britain May 7, 1903
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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2759038A (en) * 1954-02-10 1956-08-14 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Gas permeable membrane for air-depolarized cell
US2797254A (en) * 1954-02-10 1957-06-25 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Gas permeable membrane for air depolarized cell
FR2232094A1 (en) * 1973-06-04 1974-12-27 Nabiullin Faat Khatovich
US5069986A (en) * 1989-10-26 1991-12-03 Motorola, Inc. Selective discharge limiting seal for a battery
US5093212A (en) * 1989-12-04 1992-03-03 Motorola, Inc. Electronic device having an air regulating battery compartment responsive to electrical load control
US5191274A (en) * 1989-10-26 1993-03-02 Motorola, Inc. Method and apparatus for controlling the self-discharge rate of a battery
US6346341B1 (en) 1998-12-18 2002-02-12 Aer Energy Resources, Inc. Air delivery system with volume-changeable plenum for metal-air battery
US20050136322A1 (en) * 2003-12-22 2005-06-23 Bartling Brandon A. Tab system for a metal-air electrochemical cell

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US406223A (en) * 1889-07-02 John ellwood lee
US686642A (en) * 1901-03-28 1901-11-12 Harry Wayte Bottle-stopper.
GB190305081A (en) * 1903-03-04 1903-05-07 Alex Johannes Jacobson Improvements in Galvanic Batteries
US1184135A (en) * 1911-11-15 1916-05-23 John Rudolphs Dry cell.
US1196611A (en) * 1914-06-19 1916-08-29 Kinetic Electric Company Primary cell.
US1484779A (en) * 1921-06-30 1924-02-26 Union Carbide & Carbon Res Lab Dry cell and process of reducing gaseous pressure therein
US1549851A (en) * 1925-08-18 Hermetically-sealed dry cell
US1650319A (en) * 1924-05-07 1927-11-22 Nat Carbon Co Inc Seal for galvanic cells
US1865764A (en) * 1930-09-26 1932-07-05 Gen Lab Inc Container stopper
US2074506A (en) * 1931-09-18 1937-03-23 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Closure for batteries
US2124648A (en) * 1934-03-12 1938-07-26 Joseph B Brennan Vent for electrolytic condensers

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US406223A (en) * 1889-07-02 John ellwood lee
US1549851A (en) * 1925-08-18 Hermetically-sealed dry cell
US686642A (en) * 1901-03-28 1901-11-12 Harry Wayte Bottle-stopper.
GB190305081A (en) * 1903-03-04 1903-05-07 Alex Johannes Jacobson Improvements in Galvanic Batteries
US1184135A (en) * 1911-11-15 1916-05-23 John Rudolphs Dry cell.
US1196611A (en) * 1914-06-19 1916-08-29 Kinetic Electric Company Primary cell.
US1484779A (en) * 1921-06-30 1924-02-26 Union Carbide & Carbon Res Lab Dry cell and process of reducing gaseous pressure therein
US1650319A (en) * 1924-05-07 1927-11-22 Nat Carbon Co Inc Seal for galvanic cells
US1865764A (en) * 1930-09-26 1932-07-05 Gen Lab Inc Container stopper
US2074506A (en) * 1931-09-18 1937-03-23 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Closure for batteries
US2124648A (en) * 1934-03-12 1938-07-26 Joseph B Brennan Vent for electrolytic condensers

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2759038A (en) * 1954-02-10 1956-08-14 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Gas permeable membrane for air-depolarized cell
US2797254A (en) * 1954-02-10 1957-06-25 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Gas permeable membrane for air depolarized cell
FR2232094A1 (en) * 1973-06-04 1974-12-27 Nabiullin Faat Khatovich
US5069986A (en) * 1989-10-26 1991-12-03 Motorola, Inc. Selective discharge limiting seal for a battery
US5191274A (en) * 1989-10-26 1993-03-02 Motorola, Inc. Method and apparatus for controlling the self-discharge rate of a battery
US5093212A (en) * 1989-12-04 1992-03-03 Motorola, Inc. Electronic device having an air regulating battery compartment responsive to electrical load control
US6346341B1 (en) 1998-12-18 2002-02-12 Aer Energy Resources, Inc. Air delivery system with volume-changeable plenum for metal-air battery
US20050136322A1 (en) * 2003-12-22 2005-06-23 Bartling Brandon A. Tab system for a metal-air electrochemical cell
US7405014B2 (en) 2003-12-22 2008-07-29 Eveready Battery Company, Inc. Tab system for a metal-air electrochemical cell

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