US2610306A - Velocity modulation tube - Google Patents

Velocity modulation tube Download PDF

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US2610306A
US2610306A US32975A US3297548A US2610306A US 2610306 A US2610306 A US 2610306A US 32975 A US32975 A US 32975A US 3297548 A US3297548 A US 3297548A US 2610306 A US2610306 A US 2610306A
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resonator
velocity
catcher
tube
modulation
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US32975A
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Touraton Emile
Dumousseau Claude
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International Standard Electric Corp
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International Standard Electric Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/10—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator
    • H01J25/12—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator with pencil-like electron stream in the axis of the resonators

Definitions

  • the velocity modulation tube according to the invention comprises two units and two electron beams.
  • the electrons of the first beam are velocity modulatedin a first modulation resonator and excite a catcher resonator.
  • This catcher resonator operates as a modulation resonator for a second electron beam with a modulation factor higher than that of the first modulation resonator, and the electrons of this second beam excite "a second catcher resonator.
  • the tube may be considered as comprising a power amplifier preceded by a. pre-amplifier.
  • Fig.1 shows a first embodiment
  • Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of the inventiona'
  • a first embodiment comprising a, first cathode I whose potential is chosen asia reference potential for the remainder of the description, a first concentrating or Wehnelt electrode! at a potential of for instance 100 volts, a first modulating cavity resonator 3 at a high potential, for'instance 6000 volts, a drift electrode 4 ata low potential, for instance +50 volts, in which 'theelectrons collectrinto bunches.
  • This drift electrode 4 is provided with two auxiliary; electrodes '5 and 6 of conical shape intended to focus the electron beam and which are brought'respectively to potentials of +3000 volts for electrode and +500 volts for'electrode 6, for example. r
  • a second circul r cathode. 9 at a potential. of, for instance +6. 0 volts, which is provided with a Wehnelt electrode in at a. potential 100 volts lower than the: cathode, i. e. +500'volts.
  • the two electron beams a and l l flow through resonator 1 which operates as a catcher resonator for the first beam 8 and ass. modulation resonatorfor the second beam II.
  • a second drift electrode I2 is provided to this effect following resonator i brought to a relatively lowpotential of for instance +1000 volts. in which the electrons are slowed down and group themselves into bunches.
  • the potential and shape of'thevarious electrodes are so chosen that beam'ii be focalised atthe level of the second catcher resonator I 3.
  • the electrons of'the-first'beam 8 are collected by the third resonator I3;
  • the first beam is of low intensity and may be'collected by the high potential resonator. l3 .without decreasing substantialythe overall efliciency of the tube.
  • the angular opening of the second beam II is larger it is,.on the contrary,'focalised in the opening of the. third resonator l3 brought to a potential of +7000 volts for instance, and which operates as a catcher resonator.
  • the beam finally reaches a collector electrode 14 at a relatively low potential, for instance 2000 volts.
  • Fig. 2 shows another embodiment of the invention comprising, as in the first embodiment, a cathode I1, a Wehnelt electrode [8 at a negative potential, for instance volts, a first resonator at a potential of +6000 volts for instance, a first drift, electrode 20 at a low potentialof, for instance, 200 vol provided with two auxiliary electrodes 2
  • a second annular cathode 23 at a potential of, for instance 300 volts, which'generates a, second conical beam 24 with a smaller angle than the first beam 25.
  • the two beams fiow through the second resonator 26 which works as a catcher resonator for the first beam and as modulation resonator for the second beam.
  • the second beam "24 flows through a second drift electrode 21 at a relatively low potential, 1000 volts forinstance, in which the electrons are slowed'do-wn and fortune bunches.
  • the beam then fiows through a catcher resonator 28 ata. potential of, for instance, +7000 volts resonator the first beam cannot penetrate into the second drift electrode and is collected by the said second electrode which is at a high potensecond resonator for collecting the electrons from said second beam.
  • a velocity modulation tube comprising a first electron gun for projecting a first beam along a beam path, a first cavity resonator adjacent .said first gun and about said beam path for velocity modulating said first beam, a second electron gun disposed in said beam path adjacent and beyond said first resonator for projecting a second beam along said beam path, said first gun having means for focussing said first beam past tial, the overall efliciency is however not substantially affected on account, of tensity of this first beam.
  • a velocity modulation tube comprising a first electron gun forprojecting a first-beam along a beam path, a first cavity resonator adjacent said first gun and about said beam path for velocity modulating said first beam, a second electron gun adjacent and beyond said first resonator for projecting a second beam along said beam path,'a second cavity resonator adjacent said second gun and about said beam path for extracting energy from said first beam and for velocity modulating said second beam, and a third cavity resonator adjacent said second resonator and about said beam path for extracting energy from said second beam.
  • a velocity modulation tube comprising a first electron gun for projecting a first beam along a beam path, a first cavity resonator adjacent said first gun and about said beam path for velocity modulating said first'beam, a second electron gun adjacent and beyond said first resonator and about said beam path for projecting a second beam along said beam path, said first gun having means for focussing said first beam to pass through said second gun, a second cavity resonator adjacent said second gun and about said beam path for extracting energy from said first beam and for velocity modulating said second beam, a drift tube adjacent said secondcavity resonator andabout said beam path for stopping said first beam, and a third cavity resonator adjacent said drift tube and about said beam path for extracting energy from said second beam.
  • a velocity modulation tube further comprising means by which a potential difference may be applied between said drift tube and said second cavity resonator to cause the electrons in said first beam to be collected by said second cavity resonator before passage therethrough and means beyond said and for velocity modulating said second beam, a driftspace defining means adjacent said second resonator for stopping said first beam, and a third cavity resonator adjacent said drift space 'de'fining' means and about said beam path for extracting energy from said second beam.
  • a velocity modulation tube further comprising means by which a potential may be applied to said-drift space defining means to reflect said first beam for collection by said second resonator and means adjacent said third resonator for collecting said second beam.
  • a velocity modulation tube comprising a first velocity modulation structure having a modulating cavity resonator and a catcher cavity resonator, a first electron gun'for projecting a first beam of electrons through said resonators and means adjacent said catcher resonator for collecting electrons in said first beam, and a second velocity -modulation structure including a second electron. gun'mounted between said modulating and catcher resonators of said first structure for projecting a second electron beam through said catcher resonator and further including a second catcher cavity resonator adj acent said first beam collecting meansand about the path of said second beam.
  • a velocity modulation tube comprising a first velocity modulation structure having a modulating cavity resonator and a catcher cavity resonator, a second velocity modulation structure, the catcher cavity resonator of said first structure constituting a modulating cavity resonator for said second structure, said second structure having a catcher resonator, a first electron gun disposed adjacent the modulating cavity resonator of said first velocity modulating structure for projecting an electron beam through said first velocity modulation structure and a second electron gun disposed between the modulating and catcher cavity resonators of said first velocity modulating structure for projecting an electron beam through the said second velocity modulation structure.
  • a velocity modulation tube comprising a first electron beam source, a first velocity modulation structure having a modulating and a catcher resonator disposed in alignment with said first beam source, a first means for focusing the electron beam ofsaid first source through said cavity resonators, a second electron beam source disposed between the modulating and catcher resonators of said first velocity modulating structure, a second velocity modulation structure having a catcher resonator, a second means for focusing the electron beam of said second source throughthe catcher resonator of said first modulation structure thence through the catcher resonator of said second structure.
  • a first electron beam source a second electron beam source disposed in tandem relation with respect to said first beam source for beam travel along a common path, means to modulate said first beam, means disposed adjacent said common path to transfer the modulation of said first beam to said second beam, and means adjacent the path of said second beam to receive modulated energy from said second beam.
  • a velocity modulation tube In a velocity modulation tube according to claim 9, wherein the means to transfer the modulation of said first beam to said second beam includes a cavity resonator disposed adjacent the paths of both said first and said second beams.
  • each of the three means recited therein includes a cavity resonator.
  • a velocity modulation tube further including focusing electrodes to direct said first beam through the first and second resonators only and to direct the sec- 0nd beam through the second and third resonators only.

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  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)

Description

Sept. 9, 1952 TOURATQN ETAL 2,610,306
VELOCITY MODULATION TUBE,
Filed June 14, 1948 F/Gl. F/GZ.
Inventor E. TOURATON C.DUMOUSS EAU A Home y Patented Sept. 9, i952 VELOCITY MODULATIONTJTUBE Emile Touraton and Claude Dumousseau, Paris, France, assignors to International Standard ration of Delaware Electric Corporation, New York, N. Y., a. corpo- Appl cation June 14,1948, SerialNo. 32,975 V In France June 14, 1947 The present invention relates tovelocity modulation tubes and in particular to such tubes used as amplifiers forultra high frequencies.
According to features of the invention the velocity modulation tube according to the invention comprises two units and two electron beams. The electrons of the first beam are velocity modulatedin a first modulation resonator and excite a catcher resonator. This catcher resonator operates as a modulation resonator for a second electron beam with a modulation factor higher than that of the first modulation resonator, and the electrons of this second beam excite "a second catcher resonator.
With this double modulation process it is'possible to secure a higher amplification factor for the same output power and the tube may be considered as comprising a power amplifier preceded by a. pre-amplifier.
The above 'mentioned'and other features and objects of this invention will become more apparent and the invention itself, though not necessarily defined by said features and objects, will be :best understood byreference to the following description of an embodiment of the invention taken in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein:
Fig.1 shows a first embodiment, and
Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of the inventiona' Referring now to Fig. 1 this figure'shows a first embodiment comprising a, first cathode I whose potential is chosen asia reference potential for the remainder of the description, a first concentrating or Wehnelt electrode! at a potential of for instance 100 volts, a first modulating cavity resonator 3 at a high potential, for'instance 6000 volts, a drift electrode 4 ata low potential, for instance +50 volts, in which 'theelectrons collectrinto bunches.
This drift electrode 4 is provided with two auxiliary; electrodes '5 and 6 of conical shape intended to focus the electron beam and which are brought'respectively to potentials of +3000 volts for electrode and +500 volts for'electrode 6, for example. r
The low intensity electron beam 8 from cathode -l fiows through the first part of the tube including'za second "cavity resonator 1 to which it transfers high frequency energy.
After the drift electrode is provided a second circul r cathode. 9 at a potential. of, for instance +6. 0 volts, which is provided with a Wehnelt electrode in at a. potential 100 volts lower than the: cathode, i. e. +500'volts.
a 12 Claims. (01. 315-6) The two electron beams a and l l flow through resonator 1 which operates as a catcher resonator for the first beam 8 and ass. modulation resonatorfor the second beam II. The resonator 1, excited by beam 8 after the bunching of the-electrons in the drift electrode 4, velocity modulates the second beam and the tube works as an amplifier in which the second beam ll works in a manner similarto-beam *8 in'the firstpartof the tube structure. A second drift electrode I2 is provided to this effect following resonator i brought to a relatively lowpotential of for instance +1000 volts. in which the electrons are slowed down and group themselves into bunches. The potential and shape of'thevarious electrodes are so chosen that beam'ii be focalised atthe level of the second catcher resonator I 3. On the contrary, the electrons of'the-first'beam 8 are collected by the third resonator I3; The first beam is of low intensity and may be'collected by the high potential resonator. l3 .without decreasing substantialythe overall efliciency of the tube.
Since the angular opening of the second beam II is larger it is,.on the contrary,'focalised in the opening of the. third resonator l3 brought to a potential of +7000 volts for instance, and which operates as a catcher resonator. The beam finally reaches a collector electrode 14 at a relatively low potential, for instance 2000 volts. A reflector l5 at a nul or negative potential, de fiects the beam ll towardcollectorM.
Fig. 2 shows another embodiment of the invention comprising, as in the first embodiment, a cathode I1, a Wehnelt electrode [8 at a negative potential, for instance volts, a first resonator at a potential of +6000 volts for instance, a first drift, electrode 20 at a low potentialof, for instance, 200 vol provided with two auxiliary electrodes 2| and 22 brought to the same P0111611?- tial of'200 volts for instance, which direct the beam intothe drift tube 20;
Inside tube 20 is provideda second annular cathode 23 at a potential of, for instance 300 volts, which'generates a, second conical beam 24 with a smaller angle than the first beam 25.
The two beams fiow through the second resonator 26 which works as a catcher resonator for the first beam and as modulation resonator for the second beam. y
The second beam "24 flows through a second drift electrode 21 at a relatively low potential, 1000 volts forinstance, in which the electrons are slowed'do-wn and groupedinto bunches. The beam then fiows through a catcher resonator 28 ata. potential of, for instance, +7000 volts resonator the first beam cannot penetrate into the second drift electrode and is collected by the said second electrode which is at a high potensecond resonator for collecting the electrons from said second beam.
4. A velocity modulation tube, comprising a first electron gun for projecting a first beam along a beam path, a first cavity resonator adjacent .said first gun and about said beam path for velocity modulating said first beam, a second electron gun disposed in said beam path adjacent and beyond said first resonator for projecting a second beam along said beam path, said first gun having means for focussing said first beam past tial, the overall efliciency is however not substantially affected on account, of tensity of this first beam.
The tube which has just been described conthe low' in- 1 said second gun, -a second cavity resonator ad- --jacent said, second gun and about said beam path for extracting energy from said first beam stitutes an output amplifier preceded by a preamplifier in which the modulation resonator of lustration it should be understood that'various modifications and adaptations thereof may be made within the spirit of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. u
What we claim is: f
l. A velocity modulation tube, comprising a first electron gun forprojecting a first-beam along a beam path, a first cavity resonator adjacent said first gun and about said beam path for velocity modulating said first beam, a second electron gun adjacent and beyond said first resonator for projecting a second beam along said beam path,'a second cavity resonator adjacent said second gun and about said beam path for extracting energy from said first beam and for velocity modulating said second beam, and a third cavity resonator adjacent said second resonator and about said beam path for extracting energy from said second beam. 1 1
2. A velocity modulation tube, comprising a first electron gun for projecting a first beam along a beam path, a first cavity resonator adjacent said first gun and about said beam path for velocity modulating said first'beam, a second electron gun adjacent and beyond said first resonator and about said beam path for projecting a second beam along said beam path, said first gun having means for focussing said first beam to pass through said second gun, a second cavity resonator adjacent said second gun and about said beam path for extracting energy from said first beam and for velocity modulating said second beam, a drift tube adjacent said secondcavity resonator andabout said beam path for stopping said first beam, and a third cavity resonator adjacent said drift tube and about said beam path for extracting energy from said second beam.
3. A velocity modulation tube according to claim 2 further comprising means by which a potential difference may be applied between said drift tube and said second cavity resonator to cause the electrons in said first beam to be collected by said second cavity resonator before passage therethrough and means beyond said and for velocity modulating said second beam, a driftspace defining means adjacent said second resonator for stopping said first beam, and a third cavity resonator adjacent said drift space 'de'fining' means and about said beam path for extracting energy from said second beam.
5. A velocity modulation tube according to claim 4 further comprising means by which a potential may be applied to said-drift space defining means to reflect said first beam for collection by said second resonator and means adjacent said third resonator for collecting said second beam.- j
'6. A velocity modulation tube, comprising a first velocity modulation structure having a modulating cavity resonator and a catcher cavity resonator, a first electron gun'for projecting a first beam of electrons through said resonators and means adjacent said catcher resonator for collecting electrons in said first beam, and a second velocity -modulation structure including a second electron. gun'mounted between said modulating and catcher resonators of said first structure for projecting a second electron beam through said catcher resonator and further including a second catcher cavity resonator adj acent said first beam collecting meansand about the path of said second beam.
'7. A velocity modulation tube comprising a first velocity modulation structure having a modulating cavity resonator and a catcher cavity resonator, a second velocity modulation structure, the catcher cavity resonator of said first structure constituting a modulating cavity resonator for said second structure, said second structure having a catcher resonator, a first electron gun disposed adjacent the modulating cavity resonator of said first velocity modulating structure for projecting an electron beam through said first velocity modulation structure and a second electron gun disposed between the modulating and catcher cavity resonators of said first velocity modulating structure for projecting an electron beam through the said second velocity modulation structure.
8. A velocity modulation tube comprising a first electron beam source, a first velocity modulation structure having a modulating and a catcher resonator disposed in alignment with said first beam source, a first means for focusing the electron beam ofsaid first source through said cavity resonators, a second electron beam source disposed between the modulating and catcher resonators of said first velocity modulating structure, a second velocity modulation structure having a catcher resonator, a second means for focusing the electron beam of said second source throughthe catcher resonator of said first modulation structure thence through the catcher resonator of said second structure.
9. In a velocity modulation tube, a first electron beam source, a second electron beam source disposed in tandem relation with respect to said first beam source for beam travel along a common path, means to modulate said first beam, means disposed adjacent said common path to transfer the modulation of said first beam to said second beam, and means adjacent the path of said second beam to receive modulated energy from said second beam.
10; In a velocity modulation tube according to claim 9, wherein the means to transfer the modulation of said first beam to said second beam includes a cavity resonator disposed adjacent the paths of both said first and said second beams.
11. In a velocity modulation tube according to claim-9, wherein each of the three means recited therein includes a cavity resonator.
6 12; In a velocity modulation tube according to claim 11 further including focusing electrodes to direct said first beam through the first and second resonators only and to direct the sec- 0nd beam through the second and third resonators only.
EMILE TOURATON.
CLAUDE DUMOUSSEAU.
REFERENCES CITED 'The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS
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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2986672A (en) * 1958-12-16 1961-05-30 Rca Corp Periodic electrostatically focused beam tubes
US3104344A (en) * 1960-04-06 1963-09-17 Itt High power traveling wave tube
US3107313A (en) * 1959-10-30 1963-10-15 Johann R Hechtel Velocity modulated electron tube with cathode means providing plural electron streams
US3436588A (en) * 1966-11-10 1969-04-01 Varian Associates Electrostatically focused klystron having cavities with common wall structures and reentrant focusing lens housings
US3702951A (en) * 1971-11-12 1972-11-14 Nasa Electrostatic collector for charged particles
US3904917A (en) * 1973-05-24 1975-09-09 Nippon Electric Co High-efficiency broadband klystron amplifier of reduced length
US4277721A (en) * 1979-09-07 1981-07-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Multistage depressed collector for dual mode operation
US4398122A (en) * 1980-04-15 1983-08-09 Thomson-Csf Multistage depressed collector for microwave tube

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2190515A (en) * 1938-07-15 1940-02-13 Gen Electric Ultra short wave device
US2403795A (en) * 1941-04-26 1946-07-09 Gen Electric High-frequency apparatus
US2409608A (en) * 1941-09-24 1946-10-22 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Ultra high frequency detector

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2190515A (en) * 1938-07-15 1940-02-13 Gen Electric Ultra short wave device
US2403795A (en) * 1941-04-26 1946-07-09 Gen Electric High-frequency apparatus
US2409608A (en) * 1941-09-24 1946-10-22 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Ultra high frequency detector

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2986672A (en) * 1958-12-16 1961-05-30 Rca Corp Periodic electrostatically focused beam tubes
US3107313A (en) * 1959-10-30 1963-10-15 Johann R Hechtel Velocity modulated electron tube with cathode means providing plural electron streams
US3104344A (en) * 1960-04-06 1963-09-17 Itt High power traveling wave tube
US3436588A (en) * 1966-11-10 1969-04-01 Varian Associates Electrostatically focused klystron having cavities with common wall structures and reentrant focusing lens housings
US3702951A (en) * 1971-11-12 1972-11-14 Nasa Electrostatic collector for charged particles
US3904917A (en) * 1973-05-24 1975-09-09 Nippon Electric Co High-efficiency broadband klystron amplifier of reduced length
US4277721A (en) * 1979-09-07 1981-07-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Multistage depressed collector for dual mode operation
US4398122A (en) * 1980-04-15 1983-08-09 Thomson-Csf Multistage depressed collector for microwave tube

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