US2608671A - Electron discharge device of the electron velocity modulation type - Google Patents

Electron discharge device of the electron velocity modulation type Download PDF

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Publication number
US2608671A
US2608671A US755550A US75555047A US2608671A US 2608671 A US2608671 A US 2608671A US 755550 A US755550 A US 755550A US 75555047 A US75555047 A US 75555047A US 2608671 A US2608671 A US 2608671A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
electron
resonator
discharge device
frequency
velocity modulation
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US755550A
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English (en)
Inventor
Fremlin John Heaver
Hall Roger Norman
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International Standard Electric Corp
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International Standard Electric Corp
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Publication date
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
    • H03B5/18—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising distributed inductance and capacitance
    • H03B5/1817—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising distributed inductance and capacitance the frequency-determining element being a cavity resonator
    • H03B5/1835—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising distributed inductance and capacitance the frequency-determining element being a cavity resonator the active element in the amplifier being a vacuum tube
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/06—Tubes having only one resonator, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the modulation produced in the modulator zone is mainly velocity modulation, e.g. Lüdi-Klystron
    • H01J25/08—Tubes having only one resonator, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the modulation produced in the modulator zone is mainly velocity modulation, e.g. Lüdi-Klystron with electron stream perpendicular to the axis of the resonator

Definitions

  • “Yetanother object of the invention is to provide meanswherebythe operating frequency of such electrondis'charge device may be controlled by deliberately altering the temperature of part or thewho'lenfthestructure of the same preferably b'y*electronio means incorporated within the device;
  • the construction usually includes an electromagnetic resonator within the tube envelope.
  • an electro magneticresonator system in which an electro-magnetic field is setup, and an electron beam which passes through, or across one or more gaps of the resonator system, and interacts with the electromagnetic field.
  • the operating frequency approximates to the natural fre uency of the resonator system considered purely as an electromagnetic resonator, while the departure of'the operating frequency from the natural resonator frequency is dependent in general upon three features: external circuit loading, reactive loading due to interaction between the electro-maenetic field and the electron beam and a capacitative load ng due to the c n or gaps across which the electronbeam is projected.
  • the effect of temperature rise is to cause a change in the dimensions of the resonator as such, thereby tending to increase the wave length, but the change of gap dimensions is such as to increase the separation between opposite faces with a consequent tendency to reduce the capacitative loading, although this is usually more than oifset by the increase of the effective area of the plates of the condenser formed by the gap.
  • an electron discharge device having means for projecting a beam of electrons through an eleotro-magnetic resonator system associated with said field in which materials having difierent coefficients of thermal expansion are used in the construction of said resonator system so that the relative expansion of parts of said resonator system are so controlled as to maintain the operating frequency substantially constant in spite of thermal variations in said system.
  • an electron discharge device having means for projecting a beam of electrons through an electromagnetic field, thereby exciting an electromagnetic resonator system associated with said field, in which materials having diiferent coefficients of thermal expansion are used 'in the construction of said resonator system so that the relative expansions of parts of .said resonating system are so controlled as to vary the operating frequency in sympathy with the potential difference between electrodes controlling a beam of electrons which heats one or Figure 3.
  • Figures 5and 6 are similar to FiguresB and 4 respectively, but show preferred means for achieving one of the objects of this invention While Figure 7, corresponding to Figures 3 and 5, shows alternative means for carrying out this object.
  • Figure 8 is an elevational view in part section of a high frequency electron discharge device in accordance with the invention in which. thermal frequency drift has been eliminated.
  • FIG. 3 and 4 which are representativeof the coaxial type of resonator systems, 4 is the outer conductor carrying fins 5 which extend inwardly to reduce high frequency leakage; 6 is the inner conductor carry.- ing fins which enclose the oscillator .drift? space and 8 is an antenna which can be coupled to an external and tunable cavity circuit-of-the well known wave-guide type.
  • slot ID of Figure 5 does not harm the operation of the oscillator as the lines of current flow in a coaxial system will be parallel to this slot.
  • the electrode system comprises an indirectly heated cathode l9 behind which is mounted a screen 20; control grid 2
  • the primary electron focussing means is a magnetic field provided by suitably placed field coils external to the tube structure.
  • a pair of conductors disposed in coaxial relation to form a resonant space, said conductors having aligned apertures therethrough to provide a path for flow of electrons, the portions of said conductors defining said apertures forming narrow gaps between said path and said resonant space, the inner one of said conductors having two relatively movable parts to control the width of said gaps, and means connected to said parts having a given coefiicient of expansion different from the ooefiicient of expansion of the material of said parts to control in response to changes in temperature the relative movement of said parts.

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  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
US755550A 1946-02-08 1947-06-19 Electron discharge device of the electron velocity modulation type Expired - Lifetime US2608671A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB3987/46A GB649761A (en) 1946-02-08 1946-02-08 Improvements in electron discharge devices of the electron velocity modulation type

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2608671A true US2608671A (en) 1952-08-26

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ID=9768654

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US755550A Expired - Lifetime US2608671A (en) 1946-02-08 1947-06-19 Electron discharge device of the electron velocity modulation type

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US2608671A (xx)
BE (1) BE478604A (xx)
ES (1) ES178572A1 (xx)
FR (2) FR939311A (xx)
GB (1) GB649761A (xx)
NL (1) NL76852C (xx)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2795764A (en) * 1954-01-14 1957-06-11 Westinghouse Electric Corp Temperature compensated reference cavity
US3601719A (en) * 1969-10-09 1971-08-24 Int Standard Electric Corp Temperature-compensated waveguide resonator

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1884591A (en) * 1929-04-01 1932-10-25 Wired Radio Inc Electric discharge tube
GB422869A (en) * 1932-11-12 1935-01-21 Meaf Mach En Apparaten Fab Nv Improvements in electric discharge devices
US2374810A (en) * 1939-12-22 1945-05-01 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron discharge apparatus
US2413364A (en) * 1943-06-12 1946-12-31 Sylvania Electric Prod Ultra high frequency oscillator
US2424805A (en) * 1942-11-13 1947-07-29 Gen Electric High-frequency magnetron

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1884591A (en) * 1929-04-01 1932-10-25 Wired Radio Inc Electric discharge tube
GB422869A (en) * 1932-11-12 1935-01-21 Meaf Mach En Apparaten Fab Nv Improvements in electric discharge devices
US2374810A (en) * 1939-12-22 1945-05-01 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron discharge apparatus
US2424805A (en) * 1942-11-13 1947-07-29 Gen Electric High-frequency magnetron
US2413364A (en) * 1943-06-12 1946-12-31 Sylvania Electric Prod Ultra high frequency oscillator

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2795764A (en) * 1954-01-14 1957-06-11 Westinghouse Electric Corp Temperature compensated reference cavity
US3601719A (en) * 1969-10-09 1971-08-24 Int Standard Electric Corp Temperature-compensated waveguide resonator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES178572A1 (es) 1947-08-16
FR57622E (fr) 1953-03-17
FR939311A (fr) 1948-11-09
BE478604A (xx) 1948-06-24
NL76852C (xx) 1955-01-15
GB649761A (en) 1951-01-31

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