US2599072A - Safety mechanism for pressure cookers - Google Patents

Description

June 3, 1952 c. c. SCHWEISO 2,599,072

SAFETY MECHANISM FOR PRESSURE COOKERS Filed May 3, 1948 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 .INVENTOR CLIFFORD C. SCHWEISO BY W A TTY June 3, 1952 Filed May 3, 1948 C. C. SCHWEISO SAFETY MECHANISM FOR PRESSURE COOKERS 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 44 43/42l,35 36 33 x I y/i/LM; C. glue/4 A TTY June 3, 1952 c. c. SCHWEISO SAFETY MECHANISM FOR PRESSURE COOKERS 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 FIG. 4

Filed May 3, 1948 FlG.-5

INVENTOR CLIFFORD C. SCHWEESO AT Y.

June 3, 1952 c. c. SCHWEISO SAFETY MECHANISM FOR PRESSURE COOKERS 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed May 3, 1948 INVENTOR CLIFFORD C. SCHWEISO 141% W 4 ATTX Patented June 3, 1952 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE SAFETY MECHANISM FOR PRESSURE COOKERS Cliflord C. Schweiso, Minneapolis, 7 Minn., as-

signor to General Mills, Inc., a corporation of Delaware Application May a, 1948, Serial No. 24,764

19 Claims.

prior art for attachment of the cover to a pressure cooker. Many of these forms fail to provide safety means to prevent removal of the cover when the container is under pressure. Other constructions which do attempt to provide such safety means are complicated in structure and expensive to manufacture.

Accordingly, one object of this invention is to provide a pressure cooker which will overcome these disadvantages of the prior art.

Another object of the invention is to provide improved means for attachment of the cover to a pressure cooker.

A further object is the provision of a readily constructed safety mechanism to prevent removal of said cover while there is still pressure inside the cooker.

Still another object is the provision of improved fastening means for a cover of the type which can be positioned and latched loosely on the cooker body and which subsequently engages said body to form a tight closure in response to a predetermined change in a cooking condition within the cooker.

A further object is the design of improved latching means for the cover of a pressure cooker, in which pressure from within the cooker will increase the force which holds said latching means in its locking position.

Anadditional object of the invention is the construction of improved latch operating means for the cover of a pressure cooker, in which the user of the cooker will be unable to exert substantial leverage to open the latch when there is pressure inside the cooker.

Other objects and advantages of this invention willbe apparent from the followin detailed de- 7 Various methods have been proposedin the 2 position, certain parts being broken away and others being shown in full lines for clearness.

Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2 but with the cover in sealed position.

Fig. 4 is a detail view of certain parts of the device of the preceding figure.

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of one form of operating handle according to this invention.

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a handgrip for the device of Fig. 5.

Fig. '7 is a partial view of a modified fastening" mechanism according to the present invention, applied to a cooker which has a difierent form of cover construction from that of Figs. 1 to 6';

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the latch meminvention, includes the usual body portion 20.,

which may be of any desired shape and external design. I prefer a substantially cylindrical pot as shown in Fig. l. A handle extension 21 may be made integral with said body portion or may be separately manufactured and attached thereto by welding or other suitable means. A handle 22 of plastic or other desired heat-insulating material is fastened on the handle extension 2| and extends preferably horizontally and radially from the upper portion of the body to furnish a convenient and accessible grip for the hand of the user. i

The top of the cooker body 20 is provided with an opening 50; surrounding this opening is a suitable annular seat 23 shaped to cooperate with the cover means to be described below.

The cover 24 may be of any desired construction adapted to engage said seat from the outside and maintain tight sealing engagement therewith at elevated temperatures and pressures and at the same time flex slightly upward at its center in response to a cooking condition within the cooker. Since pressure and temperature have a definite correlation, once the air has been vented, it is possible to utilize either pressure or temperature or both to cause this flexing of the cover.

less steel while plate 49 consists of that type of nickel alloy steel known as Invar. Thus, if the cover is heated, due to increase in temperature of the cooker bodyand contents, the cover 24 will tend to bendor fiex downwardlytowardthe.

seat 23 to establish a firm seal with said seat and prevent escape of the steam formed within the cooker body. At the same time, since downwardmovement of the edges of the cover is-limi-ted by 7 seat 23, the central portion of the cover will" tend to flex upwardly. This upward flexing will be further assisted by the upward force onsa'id The sealing action of the cover may be facilitatedby the useiof a gasket 25 of any desired construction. The gasket'shown inthe drawing i'sl mad'e'fof synthetic rubberor similar resilient ma teri'al suitably resistant to theconditiens encounteredrduring operation of the cooker; and providedwith a' thin downwardly-projecting lipas shown, which will beipressed tightly against-the seat by; internalpressure after'r-the initial seal is established. r v

The cover is' carried by a--su-itabIeF-suppoi;ting

member shown in the shape of a bridge orcross bar ZHQPQSitiOIlEdf externally of the" cover 24' and the opening 50', and extending substantially diametricallyi across said opening. The crossbar 26- and cover 24 'are connected together-so that the position'and movement *of the cover will be: determined by. the" position 'and movement of the" crossbar; In the example'showm-this fastening is at the center of the cover.

The crossbar and cover may carry: asuitable pressure control member the-' fornlmfia pres sure weighti'l'of' any desired-construction. The pressure control =member is adapted to permit escape of"-'ste amwhen-the internal pressur'ef reaches-a predetermined value; and- -itnrayalso include .a pressure gauge; 3 4" from which the user can ascertainith "specific --pressure -"condit'ions' withinzthe; cooker at any time;-- suchmembers are known inthe art; and need-not be described in'detailzin V 'At one endof the external bridge or crossbar 26cooperatingmeans are providedto hold "the end of the crossbar in operative position with rev spect: tothe cooker body; This-eooperatingmeans includes" adownward extension "28 on the cross bar 26; said extension having'an inwardly turned hook 28 for engagement-with a recess-swimmethickenedportion-3l of the-cooker-bddy. 'A" -positioning iug 3-2 on' the underside of-the crossbar at endcooperate'swith the flatsurface 51 of {the cookerbod'y to hold the crossbar and cover= in'thcirpreliminary positions priorto sealing of:

thecover'. 1

5 similar; positioning lug 33- is-carried by-thecrossbar at a point which will cooper-ate with the fl'at' surf-ace 52-fnear the" handle ef=the= pressure cookefbodyg Cooperating-latchmeans are -prov ided on-tlie cooker body andmrossbar ata point near -thebodyhandle- 22- to latch the crossbar and coverin' position and topermit ready -re'mova-l andat tachment- 'ofthe cover; The spe'eificdatch meansnotches are-provided-in athickened portionofth' cooker bodyimmediatelyadjacent to'--th' E ihu. g i V inward spacing of='-the pivoti as shownat' they arenearer-the latch =-pi vo 4 It will be readily seen that member 35 is movable-between two positions;namely the position of'Fig. "I in 'which'the latching hooks 3'8" are out of engagement with the retaining surface 39 and that shown in Figs. 2 and 3 wherein the surfaces 38iare-in-position for actual engagement with the retaining surfaces 39 to prevent removal of the cover from the crossbar.

; According to this' invention, I have provided specialsafety'meansrto prevent, movement of said latch member from closed to open position while thereis pressure within the cooker. These safety means will now be described in detail.

The hooks 38 and surfaces 39 are preferably flat and in substantially the same planes when latched in :order j to provide l close frictional: contact betweenv these vpart's whi'ch will tend to men sist :movement of the :latch to its open postman when the. cover: is exposed to internal-pressure and exertsan upward force on said =crossbar due to: its. upward flexing aspreviously describe Since the frictional force resisting laterahslid ingmovement between two surfacesaisf directlyi' proportional to. the force exerted perpendicularly to hold the surfaces'againstreaclr otheneits wili be: apparent v that. an increase on. internal #pressure will tend to liftzthe-z center: .015tlietcoverand cross-:1 barv and will iurgersuriaces 4:3:81tandnwcintoigsuch: tight: engagement with each-,otlrer thaizconsidsc erable: force would .be; requirediato: :overcome the: friction and-move. thez-latclr'3 fii-tozi-ts'aopenwr un-v latchedposition; a 1

This resistance of tlrexpartsiatoi nnlatchingp when there is internal ;.press'ure;,.= is. further sini; creased by positioning thepivot: 3Eiat'a point-on;-

the crossbar ssomewhatinsidetthez pointaattwhich. a line perpendiculan to: the; plane of zsurfacesfia and- 39 at their icentertawould mtersectssaid crosse bar. This spacing is shown by thmdoubleaarrowst- A between dotted lines V5: 5 "and: fi-i-li otuFigcA.

Stated in. another: way; the'; tipsw53x-zdfi: latching, hooks 38" should be closer to; the: centemofi pirot 36 than are the inner edges 54 of saidii'hooksv While this eff'ect can be achieved eithensbyspositioning the pivot aszdescribed ore-bye upwardinse clination ofrsurfacesfifii anda39 toward-the eenter;.:- I .prefer the; constructionshownnim WhlCI'IJiSlmE-l faces 38- and 3.9:remain::substaintiallyrhdrizontalz since this arrangement makes iteeasier toipositiorr and remove the cover.

Thus,; when internal: pressure om the; eover..- 24 lifts the crossbar ,to the: positiomshownzirr :Fig'zsiifl the, surfaces 38; andx39: may exentra- .sliglrtmame; mmg' action on latch member iii-which" tendsito:

i urge the latch more. tightlyrintozlo'ckingengagesz ment with.:re.cess 4w; TheLg'reateHthezinternal pressure; thezrgreater;thiscammingactioncwilhbes It w ill be readilymnderstooct thatsh'ooks- 3=8 and retaining surfaces; 39scouldhe formed atkany delvsired angle \to fit -the above genera However, I have found :thaton'ly' ming' action is required 'to preventf uniatc ing while internallpressure is present; and this cam ming action can be obtained with only slight-- In order-to-move theiatclr member-35f m"'G1'e' position to the other; *I' have provided serene h member with suitable' n'otches deart -sizedoperating with lugs 43bn-an-*operating handle designated generally 2,5 41.

The lack of leverage is further emphasized the handle construction and men"n-ting. Notches massacres transmitteditozhooksisfinanisappliedtonotches 42; because of. the low leverage on mechanical disadvantage of this arrangement." a

The handle 41 may consistof twoipartsnarnely a-metalibbdy member il (Fig.5) and? a plastic handgripzfl dFigz .6): which telescopes onto membrane: Itzwill be? seen fro'mvFig: 2; that. the extem'aL crossbar-1F has: an. integral handle ex tension: 46 extending just: above. and substantiany parallel. to: the 'liandleaextension' 2! of the cooker body; The. handle body member 44,, accordingrl. to this: invention is: Channel-shaped as shown imFig. hand is pivotedat 45-to this crossbar-extension by: wsuitable screw or rivet. Handgrip 64" is recessed to fit closely over the Outer; end1tof: member 44 and then encloses and.

conceals/both member. and handle extension 46; This; arrangement 'is neat and compactin appearance, and. also increases the safety factorfist discussed. below. Grip- 64-may be similar to therplastic.Ora-insulated. g-rip 22. on. handle extensioni-i; Raised-portions-or: knurlings 65 maybe provided-rat each side of this grip 64- to enable the; user. to grasp. the inner. end of the handle. When.-the.cover is. in place',,handle 41 may be just-.above-bodyhandle 22 and-parallel to itySO thatbothhandlesmay be. gripped. readily in one hand-by theuser. Point 45,- atwhich thishandle 41 is. pivoted to the crossbar, is. substantially spaced-outwardly; from thepivot 36 of the latch member. 35.. I prefer. to. position this point 45 at the extreme outer end of (body member 44 and extension.46..' 'I'hus, it.wil1.be seen that the latch membercan be. actuated between its two positions bylaisi'ng andl'owerin the. inner end of the handl'e. 4T1immediately adjacent to said latch member. shown in Fig. 2;..the extension 46 narrows inwardly from pivot 45 to permit limited movement 'of'member 44 on said pivot. Upward movement of'member-Mis limited by contact of edge 5'5.of'extension against central portion 56 of member, while downward movement is similarly limited by contact of edge 51 against th'e upper inside face 58jof'l'1o1low handgrip 64. Spring means maybe provided, if desired. to retain said latch against accidental movement from eitherpf its two positions;

'Imtlienormal process-of gripping handles 47 and the'thumband'forefinger-of the user will beatthe inner end of the'handle 41 in a position to'operate'said handle and latch. Since the outer end of handle member is'fi'xed to the handle extension, andsince anyupward force against the. handlefextension 'orcrossbarmerely serves to tighten the engagement-of'latchmember 35 with recess-40 it is apparent, that the user cannot exertany' substantial leverage to open the latch. 'Ihe stmnger-arm and'shoulder muscles will be ineifective and" only the relatively weaker muscles of the thumb, fi'nger-and'wrist can be used to actuatethe latch 35-.

Furthermore; in the preferred form of my invention'as'shown in these drawings, the operating'handleifl lies substantially adjacent the body handle 22. Thus; there no room for the users fingersxto pass between these. handles and obtain a-grip on handle 41. The only natural and practical method for'the user is to pinch the sides ofthje-inner' end of handle "between the thumb a Id.,,f'or efinger and thus lift the handle to operate thielatch; It is apparent that this further featureoffbonstruction increases the safety factor andfmakesit impossiblefor the user to exert substantial force or leverage to open. the latch.

ltshould. also henoted. that the handle 41 projeets only a; distance outwardly beyomr pivot 55., this distance;beingsubstantiallw than the distance: fromrpivotfifiitm lateheengagieingjlugsii Thus, antattemptzto openztheilaltiih by squeezing: this: extreme. outer. portion: body handle 22will. bei'equally. unsucte'ssfulgnsz long? as; there: is substantial pressures inside the? cooker; because-of the lackofyleveraget;

The frictional; locking? force, the. camm' gL tion of hooks 38-; the engagementxof with the latch at a point nearrthe-latclr. pivot? and the:relativearrangement of therhandlecpiuott handgrip portion and latch-engaging; portion; each contribute to thesafety of the.'device:-- '1he combination of a plurality; of: these? features: makes it. imp'oss'ible 'for theuser to open thefrlatehi: and remove the -coveruntil-thepressure vet the cooker has been lowered to'arsafe d gree either by operation'of valve.- -21- or otheriventing means well known in the art, or by cooling of the; cooker and contents sufficiently tocause; relaxation of cover 2.4 to substantially itswunsealedfpoe sition as shown in'F-ig. 2. V v The operation of this-device can now beelfifidily. understood with referenceto the foregoingbrils?- tural features and description: The cover is; placed in position on thecooker by-fi-rst-eng-agingi the hook 29 in the recess 30 while the coveis crossbarare held substantially in the position shown in Fig. l. The handle end of said cross. bar can then beswung down toward bodys 22 until the supporting lugs 32 and33 on the flat surfaces 5| and 520i thecooker As the handle 4'1- completes itsmovementtowa handle 22, the latch. 35 will be rotated to theims sition shown in Fig. 2.

. After the cooker and its contents are.-,hea edj the cover 24' willexpand or flexdownwardlglat. its edges-and the gasketIBwill-be seatedstightlys against the annular seat 23. As furt-her-heatais applied, the cover will continuetoflex: and will exert an upward force at the center ofthe crossbar 26- as previously described. Thisiwilllift the crossbar so that the supporting lugs-32. and -33 are no longer resting on the surfaeeshil and 52. This position of the cooker is...shown. in Fig. 3 from which it will be apparent-that the ho0k29 and the latch-inghook38;wil1.'.noivr be in tight engagement with their respective-Area taining surfaces in the recesses-Mand- 40;. The safety means. previously described will" rnalrehit; well nigh impossible for the-:user-to. .open the. latch and be injured by-suddeneiectionof he: cover or escapeof steam until thepressure the.

.in the container has again been reduced to a I safe degree.

. in temperature or pressure withinthe contai While I have shown the preferredrembodimentof my. invention in Figs. l-to.6,..in;connection with a cooker having a bimetallicv cover,.it:.will be readily apparent to those skilled in theiart. that I. may use any other type of-cover...which. tends to flex or expand: with referenceiatlie. cooker body to form atight'seal andexert an upwardforce on crossbar 26.1duetoanincrease.

latches, one pivoted at each side of bar 26.

7 body 20, crossbar 26 and handle-operating mechanism are identical with the similar features shown in the embodiment discussed above.

The annular seat 60 at the top of the cooker body includes a substantially vertical portion 6| and a relatively sloping inner portion 62. These two portions form a'sort of tapered recess into which a suitable gasket 66 on the edge of the cover will be forced to forma tight seal when 7 cover 53 is applied. This sealing effect is increased by internal pressure on the thin, downwardly projecting gasket lip, as in the previous embodiment.

Cover 63 is fastened in its center to crossbar 26. In this particular embodiment of the invention the cover and gasket will fit closely against the seat when the cover is in latched position on the pot, the slight flexing of the cover and gasket being sufficient to efiect an initial mechanical seal.

'Lugs fil on the crossbar 2B serve to limit the inward movement of the crossbar to prevent crossbar 26 just as in the case of the embodiment previously described. As pressure builds up within the cooker, such pressure will further tend to lift the center of the cover. Because of the dome-like shape, and the resulting inclination of the edges of the cover, such pressure will force the edges more tightly against wall portion 6| of seat 60 and will thus maintain a tight seal. Y

It will be apparent that the operation of the latching mechanism and of the safety features previously described will be the same in this case as in the device of Figs. 1-6.

As shown in Fig. 8, the latch member so far described consists of two identical sides connected by an integral crossbar 59, each side having its own latching hook 38, notch 42 and pivot hole 36. 7

It will be apparent that a single latch member could be used, or that crossbar 59 could be omitted, so that there would be two separate Such a separate latch member is shown in Fig. 9. Obviously two such latches would be actuated as a unit by lugs 43 on handle 41, so that omission of crossbar 59 would not change the operation of the latching mechanism in any way.

, :Although this latching mechanism and handle construction is of particular advantage when according to my invention, various equivalent.

modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, my invention is not 8 to be limited by the specific mechanical details of construction shown but only by the spirit and scope of the attached claims.

Now, therefore, I claim:

1. In a pressure cooker comprising a body having an opening therein, a handle for said body extending outwardly therefrom, a'cover for said opening, and a crossbar supportingsaid cover and having a handle extension projecting outwardly substantially adjacent and parallel to said body handle when the cover is moved into position to close said opening, the combination of automatic means for movement of a portion of the cover and said crossbar outwardly to a slightly displaced position in response to a predetermined change in a cooking condition within the cooker, cooperative latching means on said crossbar and said body including a latch mounted on the crossbar and movable between an open position in which it permits disengagement of said crossbar and cover from the body and a closed position in which it prevents such disengagement and limits said outward movement of the crossbar, and safety means preventing movement of said latch from closed to open position when said crossbar is held in said displaced position as a result of said predetermined change, said safety means including cooperating cam surfaces on said latch and said body urging said latch into closed posi-- tion when said crossbar is forced toward said displaced position, said safety means also including an operating handle for said latch having its outer end pivoted to the outer end of said handle extension and its inner end engaging said latch and mounted along the inner portion of said handle extension for limited movement away from said body handle to actuate said latch from closed to open position, said operating handle engaging said latch at a point on said latch which is nearer said latch pivot than said cam surfaces are.

2. A pressure cooker according to claim 1 in which the automatic means comprises a bimetallic cover portion movable to displaced position in response to a predetermined change in temperature within the cooker.

3. A pressure cooker according to claim 1 in which the automatic means comprises a flexible cover portion having a high thermal coefficient of expansion and movable to displaced position in response to a predetermined change in temperature and pressure within the cooker.

4. A pressure cooker including a body member having an opening therein, a bi-metallic cover for said opening, a portion of which is adapted to flex outwardly in response to temperature and pressure, a supporting member for said cover movable to a slightly displaced position by outward flexing of said cover portion, a latch mounted on one of said members and movable between an open position in which its permits disengagement of said support and cover from the body and a closed position in which it prevents such disengagement and limits movement of the support to said displaced position, and safety means preventing movement of said latching means from its closed to its open position while said supporting member is in its displaced position, the safety means comprising an operating handle pivoted to said one member at a point spaced from the latch and having an actuating portion engaging the latch and a main hand grip portion. substantially the entire hand grip portion. being nearer the handle pivot point than is the latch engaging portion. V V

5. A pressure cooker including a body member having an. opening therein, a cover member for said opening, a supporting member for said cover, said cover including temperature responsive means for movement of the cover into sealing engagement. with said opening at a predetermined temperature and for moving said supporting member outwardly to a displaced position in response to further increase of temperature, a latch mounted on one of said members and movable between an open position permitting disengagement of said supporting member and cover from the body and a closed position preventing such disengagement and limiting the outward movement of said supporting member, and safety means preventing movement of said latching means from its closed to its open position while said supporting member is held in its displaced position as .a result of said increase of tempera- 'ture, the safety means comprising an operating handle pivoted to said one member at a point spaced from the latch and having an actuating portion engaging the latch and a main hand grip portion, substantially the entire hand grip portion being nearer the handle pivot point than is the latch engaging portion.

.6. A'pressure cooker including a body member having an opening therein, a resiliently flexible metallic cover having a high thermal coefiicient of expansion for sealing said opening and flexing a portion of the cover outwardly in response to a predeterminedpressure. a supporting member for said cover movable to a slightly displaced position by outward flexing of said cover portion, a latch mounted on one of said member and movable between an open position in which it permits disengagement of said support and cover from the body and a closed position in which it prevents such disengagement but permits movement of the support to said displaced position, and safety means preventing movement of said latching'means from its closed to its open position while said supporting member is in its displaced position, the safety means comprising an operating handle pivoted to said one member at a point spaced from the latch and having an actuating portion engaging'the latch and a main hand grip portion, substantially the entire hand grip portion being nearer the handle pivot point than is the latch engaging portion.

7; A pressure cooker including a body member having an opening therein, a cover for said opening, a supporting member for said cover, said cover including automatic means for movement of the cover into sealing engagement with said opening and for moving said supporting member outwardly to a slightly displaced position in response to a predetermined change in at least one condition selected from the, group consisting of temperature and pressure, a latch mounted on one of the members and movable between an open position in which it permits disengagement of said support and cover from the body and a closed position in which it prevents such disengagement and limits said outward movement of the supporting member and safety means preventing movement of said latching member from its closed to its open position while said supportingmember is held in said displaced position as a result of said predetermined condition, the safety means comprising an operating handle pivoted to saidone member at a point spaced from the latch and having an actuating portion engaging the latch and a main hand grip portion, substantially the entire hand grip portion being .10 nearer the handle pivot point than is the latch engaging portion.

8. A pressure cooker including a body member having an opening therein, a cover member for said opening having a portion which is'movable to a slightly displaced position in response to a predetermined change in a cooking condition within the body, a latch mounted on one of the members and movable between an open position in which it permits disengagement of said cover from the body and a closed position in which it prevents such disengagement and limits movement of the cover portion to said displaced position, and safety means preventing movement of said latching means from its closed to its open position while said cover portion is in its displaced position, the safety means comprising an operating handle pivoted to said one member at a point spaced from the latch and having an actuating portion engaging the latch and a main handgrip portion, substantially the entire handgrip portion being nearer the handle pivot point than is the latch engaging portion.

9". In a pressure cooker comprising a body member having an opening therein and a cover member for said opening, the combination of fastening means including a latch pivoted to one of said members and movable between an open position in which it permits disengagement of said cover from said body and a closed position in which it prevents such disengagement, and safety means preventing movement of said latch from closed to open position while there ispressure within the cooker, said safety means including cooperating cam surfaces on said latch and the other of said members urging said latch into closed position in response to pressure within the cooker tending to open said cover, an operating handle pivoted'to said one member at a point substantially spaced from said latch pivot, said operating handle having a portion engaging said latch ata point on the latch which is nearer the latch pivot than said cam surfaces are, formovement of said latch by said latch engaging portion, and a main hand grip portion on said operating handle between said handle pivot and said latch engaging portion, whereby less force is transmitted to the cam surfaces than is applied to the grip portion. V

10. In a pressure cooker comprising a body member having an opening therein and a cover member for said opening, the combination of fastening means including a latch pivoted to one ofsaid members and movable between an open position'in which it permits disengagement of said cover from said body and a closed position in which it prevents such disengagement, and safety means preventing movement of said latch from closed to open position while there is pressure within said cooker, said safety means including cooperating cam surfaces on said latch and the other of said members urging said latch into closed position in response to pressure within the cooker tending to open said cover, and an operating handle pivoted to said one member at a point substantially spaced from said latch pivot, said operating handle having a portion engaging said latch for movement of the latch and a handgrip portion substantially the entire hand grip portion being nearer said handle pivot than is'said I than is applied to the

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