US2581934A - Abrading roll - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 8, 1952 L. M. KUBAUGH 2,581,934

ABRADING ROLL Filed April 4. 1949 2 sums-4mm 1 INVENTOR.

may mliubaugh ATTORN EYS.

1952 1.. M. KUBAUGH 3 ABRADING ROLL Filed April 4, 1949 '2 SHEETSSHEET 2 INVENTOR.

ATTORN EYS.

Patented Jan. 8, 1 952 ABRADING ROLL Le Roy M. "Kubaugh, Akron, Ohio, assignoi' "to The Firestone Tire & RubberCompany, Akron, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio I 7 Application April 4, 1949, Serial No;8 5,321

This invention relates to abrading' rolls and, more especially, it relates'to rotary abradingldevices adapted for grinding and polishing operations.

I The device of the invention has been found to be particularly advantageous for the abrading of stainless steel sheets, which operation represents one of the highest co's-t' phases in the manufacture thereof. It has long been desired, in the industry, to bring'the cost of polishing down to a level comparable with that of ordinary plating. Heretofore, these sheets have been abraded by means of rag bufis firmly clamped together upon an axial mandrel or arbor; These rag buffs consist of stitched fabric'discs of individual layers of fabricstitched together, the stitching extendingto a diametersomewhat less than the outside diameter ofthe discs; for example, discs havingan overall diameter o1 eighteen inches are stitched to a diameter of fifteen inches. The discsare necessarily clamped together so firmly uponan' arbor that there is little or no resilience to the surface of the buff. The periphery of the" assembled fabric disc has abrasive particles, such as grit; adhesively bonded thereto.

In use, a fifteen inch bufi' or roll is driven. at a speed of. about 1', 000= R. P.. M; The built is reciprocated axially about one and one-half inches. In the grinding operation, the work' is. reciprocated back and: forth in contact with the; bluff" at a speed of about forty-eight feet a minute,.the' buff rotatin always in the same direction; said work'being held" against: the surface of the buff. at av controlled pressure. The grinding operation" is performed by a dry bufi or roll. coated with relatively coarse grit; thepolishing operation is performed with a buff or roll coated"v with relatively fine grit; and treated. with. a. fatty lubricant made from animal tissue;

which has become Worn inth'e griding operation. The bufis last approximately'two hours on the grinding operation and four-"hours on the polishing operation, after which they must be removed.

resilience; especially when coated with adhesive,

The polishing. may also be performed with a coarse grit roll" '12 Claims. (Cl. 51-190) and in operation make only line contact withlthe work, with the result that abr ing p-eretieiis consume more time than is desirable. llurth 1'- more, a relatively large portion of each disc iilti mately is scrapped,'thus resulting ,in economic loss. It is to the relief of these unsatisfactory conditions that this invention prirnarily is directed.

The chief objects of tnemventien are to provide an improved abrading device oi thecliaracter mentioned for the purposes set fort to provide an abrading device capable" of performing an abrading operation in substanti'ally less time than is required when fabric buffs are chiployed, to provide an abrading device employing rubber in its structure to provide desirable teen ience; to provide an abrading roll of rubbe'fi'of long length so constructed that it may be fully" molded to provide uniform high density or iiia-' terial', free of voids and air bubbles; to provide an abrading roll that is sectional, thus enabl" g.

the roll to be built up to any desirable length -d. enabling the dynamie un alanee o'f e'ach section readily to be" controlled; to p'ro'vide'in proved manner" for obtainingadequate adhesion of abrasive gritto the? surface of the 1 011; and. toenable easier re-dresfsin'g of the roll s rface for rapid applications of adhesive and grit. In general,. the invention aims to effect savings weight, cost; andmaintenance of abradi'ng ro Other Objects will be manifest astl'i description proceeds. v 1

Of the accompanying drawings: 7 Fig; I is a perspective view of an abrading roll) embodying the invention;

Fig. 2 is a sideelevation' 'on a one of the sections thereof; I

Fig. 3- is a se'ct'ionen the" line a 3 of Fig;12';., Fig. 4 i s a. side elevation of an ther typ of.- roll-section' embodying. the invention;

Fig. 5'is an edge'ele'vation thereof Fig. 61s a section, o'nalargerscme, on the use 6-6 of Fig. 5 and larger scale, of

Fig? '1 is a view' in perspective ere roll-section.

showingamodification. g I I Referring to Fig. 1" of' the drawing 'there is shown a sectional abradiiigroll'comprising a plu-' ralit'y of individualabrading -drumsgeach desig: nated as -a whole byithe'numeral l,0=- The drum-s ID are mounted in laterally. abutting; relation upon an axiaLarboror mandrel II, with which they have driving connection through the agency; of 4 suitable. keys (not shown). The series oi drums I D are located between end" washers; such 'as Washer 12, that'ar'e' o'f'soiiiewhat smaller'diameter than the outside diameter of the drums,

a metal wheel l8, preferably made of suitable aluminum alloy to have lightness of weight. The Wheel l8 comprises a hub portion l9 and a peripheral portion 20, which portionsare connected by a central wall 2| located in the medial plane of the wheel and reinforced on opposite sides by a plurality of radial webs 22. The hub I9 is formed with an axial bore 23 in which the arbor I I is receivable, said bore formed with diametrically opposed keyways 24, 24 that receive the keys (not shown) by which relative rotary moveis the same as the diameter" of the peripheral portion 20 of the wheels. In one embodiment of the invention, this dimension was fifteen inches and the transverse width of the wheel was four inches. V

Mounted upon and bonded to the perimeter of portion 20 of wheel I8 is a circumferential layer of non-porous resilient rubber or rubber-like composition 26. The latter is vulcanized in position on the wheel and, in the example, is about one inch in radial thickness. Preferably, the composition 26 has high resistance to the disintegrating effects of oil, grease, and hydrocarbon solvents which may be used in grinding and polishing; accordingly, it consists usually of neoprene or other oil-resistant rubber compound.

Beyond the layer 26 is a second layer 21 of rubber which may be bonded to the layer 26 by concurrent vulcanization therewith. The thin layer 30 of abrasive consists of grit particles dispersed in an adhesive substance and is appliedto the outer surface of layer 21 in any convenient and'efficient performance 'of the buffers of this invention; Milling of the material for the layer 21 should be kept to a minimum to avoid introduction of directionalization of the fibers, and both mastication and milling should be mini mized to avoid such breakdown of the fibers'as would destroy their power to hold the grit particles against the separating forces encountered, including centrifugal force.

Although cotton fibers appear to be most effective in coasting with the grit adhesive to furnish a bond, the results are not sensibly different if fibers of other material, rayon for instance, are present in minor proportions. Likewise, the strength of the bond being related to an interlock with fibers rather than to a purely surface adhesion, the proportion of total fibers to total 'hyf It is this strong bond which isprimarily responsible for the long life 4 drocarbon in the fibrous layer will have some bearing on the character of the bond, the latter diminishing in strength as the hydrocarbon approaches 100%. Of course, there is no sharply critical value of proportions where the fibrous layer ceases to be of value for the purposes of this invention, but I have found quite satisfactory. results are obtained if thetotal fibers by weight constitute from 30 to 40 percent of the total vulcanizate constituting the fibrous ring.

Each pair of rubber rings 26 and 21 is placed on the peripheral portion 20 of a wheel l8 and vulcanized in an ordinary, pressure, steam platen press. Since there is a tendency of rubber to shrink upon vulcanization, the outer portion of uncured rings 21 in the uncured state will preferably have a greater width than the peripheral flange 20. In fact, the outer width of rings 21 when cured should be somewhat greater than the width of flange 20 so that the outer portion of the rings 2! will be compressed slightly on assembly and thus preserve an unbroken grinding surface. I Prior to each application of the grit surface, the fiber nap is brought up on the surface of rings 21 by treatment with a Wire wheel or similar roughing tool. In practicing the present invention, it has been preferred to employ, as anadhesive, animal glue; silicate of soda, synthetic resinous adhesives, or rubber cement. Regardless of the-adhesive em-- ployed it has been observed that excessive heat will cause a breakdown thereof. With the pres-- ent construction it has been possible to dissipate heat to an extent which will eliminate this breakdown by providing vanes in the walls of the metal wheels which will bring about a forced draft axially of thedrum. This is shown in Fig. 7 where the walls 28 of the wheel'are slanted from the plane of the wheel and have an opening 2-9- through which the forced stream of air-may pass,; as in the case of a fan blade. Other types of heat, dissipation,- such as water cooling, which werenot obtainable with the stacked, fabric discs of the prior art, are also possible in the present construction.

Although the prior practice has been to provide intermittent, relative sidewise shift between the bufier and the sheet being abraded, yet if any considerable cleavage should occur at the periph-. eral line between adjacent individual drums, scoring will occur. .Such effect is eliminated by the drum structure shown in Figs. 4 to-6, wherein the side edges of the outer ring 3| and the side edges of the upper part of inner ring 32 are staggered outwardly, as at 33, and inwardly, as at 34, about the edges of the wheel 18 as a mean position, the lower part of the ring 32 coinciding with the outer surface of wheel l8. For the purposes above stated, the width of the outer rings 3|, 32, at any point, will be somewhat greater than that of part 20 of the wheel 18.

From the foregoing it will be seen that there is provided, by the present invention, an abrading and polishing wheel which accomplishes a given amount of work in a much shorter time than has been possible heretofore; which costs considerably less than prior devices; which is constructed from materials ordinarily considered i-for us'e' in the abrading operationfl bdt not been:

ble-with tli prior-fabric disc and-is cap m f being cooled during f'opra'ti'onk' Furthiirii whereas in the prior -devic'sit wasums economic nedessity tha't seam-sum being worn,=- be "shifted reserve adapt=each toits particular service 'and th'u afttain more uniform and satisfactory resultsl I while the invention has been illustrated as a of th sections ID, for instance, may b vidrially employed-as-amuff'e '{for sm warns.

't'iIheterm rubber used herein, and inthe claims'f has'reference moreparti'c larly to certain physical properties inherentd the rubbers-or-plastics With-polymeri ture wherebytheyareresiliii n the' sense 'of being-readily deformable uncle pressuregareliquiduimperviousand--may be andvulcanized-intopermanent forin. l1 16: 'I'1'1e pr'ii1ie function "of the fiistlayer of rubber I one 'o'f cushioning,- -whi'ch, -among other things, permitsa-worki'ng" surface for the abrad iii'g' operatioriasdistinguished f roin a line coritacti The comnositiom-looati6rf and dimensions of this layer may. varyrwithin wide limits, being dictated by the requirements of each abrading tool. 'lfh'e composition off th'e rubber matrik in theworkinglayen'r' 1- may also" vary considerably.

After the abrasion layer has been worn smooth beyond the point of usefulness, it can be removed with an appropriate tool in a manner heretofore conventional in the art. In this process a small outer layer of the rubber part 21 is removed, exposing fresh, bonding fibers, and the new grit layer is applied. Repeated renewal of the grit layer will, in time, result in removal of all of the rubber portion 21. At such time, the initial layer of rubber 25 is removed and new layers similar to 26 and 21 are vulcanized in place. 1

Various other modifications of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art and, therefore, it is not to be construed as limited except as shall appear from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. An abrasive tool comprising a rigid central shaft, a series of rigid rings keyed to said shaft; a first ring of resilient material surrounding each of said rigid rings, a second ring of resilient material surrounding each of said first resilient rings, said second resilient rings comprising a dispersion of fibers in a rubbery material, and an outer coating of grit on said second resilient ring, adhesively bonded to the fibers at the surface zone thereof.

2. An abrasive tool comprising a rigid shaft, a series of rigid rings keyed to the shaft, a first resilient ring surrounding each of said rigid rings. a second resilient ring surrounding each of said first-resilient rings, said second resilient rings each comprising a rubbery material having a dispersion of organic fibers, said second resilient rings each having a width greater than the maximum width of the rigid ring, and means on the shaft adapted to compress the series of rigid containing abrasive grifl'a'nd' s d 4 ing of substantial radial dept sl'i e en adapted to re 0 "611 rotary, abrasive tool comprising a r base rollfaiiinterr'rie'diate rollflayer" of r'si matern, and antuterrblri f rubber "corit spaced relatioii with. volumefprotr ding adapted o securely bond er'iayrmaybe 'siiccs'sivelfg D fresh surfaces with extending fibers for bonding with newly applied adhesive layers.

'7. A rotary, abrasive tool comprising a rigid, base roll, a first roll layer of resilient material on said base roll, a second roll layer on said first layer comp-rising a random dispersion of fibers, in mutually spaced relation, in non-porous rubber with the rubber predominating in volume, and an extreme outer layer of abrasive material in an adhesive vehicle which is bonded to said second layer and the protruding ends of fibers contained therein, said tool adapted for successive grinding of said second layer to provide fresh fiber ends for successive attachment of renewal layers of grit.

8. A rotary, abrasive tool comprising a rigid, base roll, an intermediate roll layer of resilient material, and an outer roll layer of non-porous rubber containing throughout a random dispersion of cotton fibers in mutually spaced relation with the rubber predominating in volume, protruding ends of said fibers adapted to securely bond an outer adhesive layer containing abrasive grit, and said outer layer being of substantial radial depth whereby said outer layer may be successively ground to present fresh surfaces with extendin fibers for bonding with newly applied adhesive layers.

9. An abrasive tool comprising a rigid, central shaft, a series of rigid rings keyed to said shaft, a first ring of resilient material surrounding each of said rigid rings, a second ring surrounding each of said first rings, said second ring comprising non-porous rubber containin throughout a random dispersion of fibers in mutually spaced relation, with the rubber preponderating in volume, protruding ends of said fibers resulting from a roughing operation adapted to se- '4' curely'bond an outer adhesive layer containing grit, and said second rings: being of substantial radial depth whereby to be' successively ground to present fresh surfaces with slightly extending fibers for bonding with newly. applied adhesive layers, and means on said shaft holding said sec-'- ond rings in close, side-by-side relation.

10. Asan article of manufacture, an abrasive tool comprising a rigid ring, a second ring received on said first ring, said second ring comprisin a body of non-porous rubber containing throughout a random dispersion of fibers in mutually spaced relation, with the rubber predomi nating in volume, slightly protruding ends of said fibers which result from a roughing operation being adapted'to securely bond an outer, adhesive layer containing abrasive grit, and said second ring being of substantial, radial depth whereby said second ring may be successively ground to present fresh surfaces with protruding, fiber ends for bonding with newly applied adhesive layers.

11. As an article of manufacture, an abrasive tool comprising a rigid ring, a second ring received on said first ring, said second ring comprising a body of non-porous rubber containing throughout a random dispersion of fibers in mutually spaced'relation, with the rubber predominating involume, a layer of adhesive, containing grit, bonded to said second ring and to slightly protruding ends of said fibers which result from a roughing operation on said second ring, and said second ring bein of substantial, radial depth to permit successive surface renewals by grinding operations.

12. The method of improving the grit-holding 8 4 power and lengthening the life oi. abrasive wheels which comprises providing, on a rigid roll, a layer of non-porous rubber having a random dispersion of fibers in mutually spaced relation, with the rubber predominating in volume, roughing the outer surface of said layer so that ends of the fibers protrude slightly from the surface, and applying to the thus treated surfacea coating of adhesive containing a dispersion of grit.

LE ROY M. KUBAUGH;

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record'in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 85,537 Sawyer Jan. 5, 1869 275,561 Wray Apr. 10, 1883 410,749 Colburn Sept. 10, 1889 455,277 Cummins June 30, 1891 497,477 Post May 16, 1893 533,707 Fuller ,et a1. Feb. 5, 1895 1,186,058 Woods June 6, 1916 1,216,244 McDowell Feb. 13, 1917' 1,912,069 Doermam'i May 30,1933 2,020,219 Sirianni Nov. 5; 1935 2,036,197 Chormann et a1 Apr. 7, 1936 2,046,122 Hunt June 30, 1936 2,145,418 Herchenrider Jan. 31, 1939 2,378,630 Hill June 19, 1945' 2,432,731 DeHaven Dec. 16, 1947 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 19,862 Great Britain Oct. 18, 1894

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