US2580394A - Flux dam for galvanizing kettles - Google Patents

Flux dam for galvanizing kettles Download PDF

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US2580394A
US2580394A US45108A US4510848A US2580394A US 2580394 A US2580394 A US 2580394A US 45108 A US45108 A US 45108A US 4510848 A US4510848 A US 4510848A US 2580394 A US2580394 A US 2580394A
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flux
dams
kettle
articles
bath
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US45108A
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Lyle W Bechter
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Rheem Manufacturing Co
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Rheem Manufacturing Co
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/30—Fluxes or coverings on molten baths

Definitions

  • This invention relates to apparatus for use in the plating or coating of articles by the submersion of the articles in a bath of plating or coating medium, and, while not necessarily limitedthereto, is particularly adapted to apparatus for use in the galvanizing of ferrous articles.
  • the articles In the galvanizing of ferrous articles, the articles, after preliminary treatment, are submerged in a bath of molten zine for a length of time sufiicient to allow a zinc coating of the desired thickness to form thereon.
  • a supernatant flux layer such as a layer of ammonium chloride or zinc ammonium chloride, which gradually will liberate chlorine and serve to provide the final cleaning of the surfaces of the articles as they are lowered therethrough into the molten zinc.
  • a supernatant flux layer such as a layer of ammonium chloride or zinc ammonium chloride, which gradually will liberate chlorine and serve to provide the final cleaning of the surfaces of the articles as they are lowered therethrough into the molten zinc.
  • the surface of that portion of the bath from which the articles are withdrawn should be maintained free from flux, for otherwise particles of the flux would adhere to the coated articles as they are Withdrawn and leave them with an unsatisfactory and wholly undesirable surface finish.
  • the apparatus shown therein for confining the flux to but one portion of the surface of the molten zinc bath comprises a pair of dams disposed transversely across the upper part of the kettle, each extending inwardly and oppositely from the opposite edges of the kettle and being of such length that their inner ends are closely adjacent, but so spaced that the shanks of the article-supporting hooks may pass therebetween.
  • Such opening between the dams permits some of the flux to pass therethrough from the flux-covered portion of the surface of the molten zinc bath to the bright end of the kettle. Also, the shanks of the supporting hooks tend to drag some of the flux through such opening.
  • the present invention contemplates apparatus for confining a flux or similar layer to one portion of the surface of a body of liquid coating medium, while permitting supporting means for the articles to be coated to pass therethrough; and particularly a flux dam for use in a galvanizing kettle'which may form part of an automatic galvanizing system of the general nature of that disclosed in the above-mentioned application.
  • the present invention contemplates a flux dam or similar restrictive and confining apparatus comprising a pair of dams which extend only slightly below the surface of the liquid coating material and which extend inwardly from the opposite sides of the kettle in such a relation to one another that their inner ends are closely adjacent but are spaced transversely of the kettle a distance sufficient to permit the supporting means for the articles to be coated to pass between them, and a conduit for compressed air having an outlet so positioned and directed that a blast of air therefrom will blow the flux back and away from the space through which the supporting members pass and thereby prevent the flux from passing through such space into the bright end of the kettle.
  • dams are so positioned relative to one another that their inner ends not only are spaced transversely of the kettle a distance sufiicient to permit passage of the article-supporting means, but also are spaced longitudinally of the kettle, and the outlet for the compressed air conduit is directed generally transversely of the kettle and into the space between the inner ends of the dams.
  • Fig. 1 is a plan view of a galvanizing kettle embodying the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a partial side elevational view on an enlarged scale
  • Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional view, on an enlarged scale, taken along line 3-3 of Fig. 2.
  • I designates any suitable kettle for holding a bath of molten zinc 2 through which ferrous articles 3" are to be passed for galvanizing.
  • the articles are carried by hooks 4 suspended from any satisfactory continuouslymoving overhead conveying means (not shown).
  • a pair of dams 5 and 6 is transversely disposed across the kettle adjacent the imersion end.
  • the dams are positioned opposite one another and extend inwardly from the opposite sides of the kettle and have their inner ends lying adjacent the longitudinal center thereof and so spaced with respect to one another that the shank of a supporting hook can pass therethrough with a minimum of clearance,
  • the lower edges of the dams extend slightly below the surface of the molten zinc but not a suincient distance therebelow to interfere with the free passage of the 7 articles thereunder.
  • the upper edges of the dams extend above the surface off the molten zinc a distance sufficient to maintain a layerof flux 3 on the molten zinc between the dams and the adjacent end of the kettle.
  • a second pair of dams I and II is spaced slightly forward of the dams and '6 in the direction of the travel of the articles through the tank.
  • These dams like-the dams 5 and 5, have their lower edges extending slightly below the surface of the molten zinc, but not a sufficient distance therebelow to interfere with the free passage of the articles thereunder, and have their upper edges extending above the surface of the molten zine a distance sufficient to maintain a layer I; of flux on the molten zinc between the pairs of dams.
  • dams i9 and II in addition "to having their inner ends so spaced with respect to one another transversely of the kettle that the shank of a supporting hook may pass between them, are so positioned that the dam ii lies slightly forward of dam to in the direction of the travel of; the articles through the kettle.
  • the layer ii of flux lying between the pairs of dams is of substantially greater density and viscosity than the flux layer B.
  • the layer ii of flux lying between the pairs of dams is of substantially greater density and viscosity than the flux layer B.
  • dams. l0 and. ii. Such passage, of fiux. into the bright. end of the bath is prevented by a jet of compressed air which. is directed toward the space between the inner ends of the dams. l9 and H in a direction generally transversely of the kettle.
  • the compressed air is furnished from a compressed air supply pipe l3, through a valve M and a conduit 15 so supported that a compressed air blast or. jet emitted. therefrom willbe directed into the space between the. dams.
  • the air blast or jet continually impinges against the flux just back of the. opening between dams Hi and i l, as well as. against the shanks of the supporting hooks passing therethrough and prevents any flux, including that on the hook shanks, from passing through such space. into the bright end of the bath where it could adhere, to the freshly coated articles, asthey are-being; Withdrawn from the bath.
  • the pressure of thecompressed air 7 issuing from the conduit isso. controlled by air valve 14 that. it never substantially exceeds that required to prevent, thefluxfrom. passing through the space; between. the dams into thebright. end of the.- kcttle...
  • pressure inithe conduit may cause anundesirable mixing of the flux with the molten zinc, resulting in particles of flux adhering to the surfaces of the articles being coated and causing the coating to be imperfect.
  • an excessively high-pressure blast or jet of compressed air may cause such agitation of the bath that dross, which normally sinks to the bottom of the bath, will be disseminated throughout the molten zinc and, consequently, be apt to adhere to the surfaces of the articles being coated, also causing an imperfect coating thereon.
  • Wings I6 and I1 are provided for dams l0 and H to prevent flux that-may accumulate behind the dams from piling up therebehind and escaping over the adjacent edges of the kettle.
  • the wings extend rearwardly from dams l9 and II to dams 5 and 6, thus setting up a barrier to the passage of any flux over the edges of the kettle between the dams.
  • metal-coating apparatus including an elongated container for a bath of coating metal adapted to have a layer of supernatant flux thereon, said container having a feed end and a discharge end, means for confining a layer of flux to one portion of a bath of molten metal in the container which comprises dams extending inwardly from opposite longitudinal sides of the container and upwardly from the normal level of the upper surface of the molten metal, at least 9;... portions of. the lower edges of said dams bein spaced from the bottom of the container a distance sufiicient to permit articles being coated to pass thereunder, said dams having their adjacent ends spaced apart a distance suflicient to provide a space above the molten metal through which article-carrying members.
  • the adjacent ends of said dams may pass when traveling horizontally, the adjacent ends of said damsbeing offset from one another longitudinally of the container, and a gas conducting conduit positioned to direct a blast of gas transversely of said container into the space between the adjacent ends. of the dams and against supernatant flux on molten metal behind the dam closest the dis charge end of the container to prevent the flux from passing through said space.
  • Metal coating apparatus as defined in claim 1 which includes valve means, for regulating. the pressure with which the compressed gas issues from. said conduit.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)

Description

Jan. 1, 1952 L. w. BECHTER FLUX DAM FOR GALVANIZING KETTLES Filed Aug. 19, 1948 Mm N x MM ,end of the kettle.
Patented Jan. 1, 1952 FLUX DAM FOR GALVANIZIN G KETTLES Lyle W. Bechter, South Gate, Califi, assignor to Rheem Manufacturing Company, San Francisco, Calif., a corporation of California Application August 19, 1948, Serial No. 45,108
3 Claims.
This invention relates to apparatus for use in the plating or coating of articles by the submersion of the articles in a bath of plating or coating medium, and, while not necessarily limitedthereto, is particularly adapted to apparatus for use in the galvanizing of ferrous articles.
In the galvanizing of ferrous articles, the articles, after preliminary treatment, are submerged in a bath of molten zine for a length of time sufiicient to allow a zinc coating of the desired thickness to form thereon. Ordinarily the portion of the bath of molten zinc into which the articles are submerged is covered with a supernatant flux layer, such as a layer of ammonium chloride or zinc ammonium chloride, which gradually will liberate chlorine and serve to provide the final cleaning of the surfaces of the articles as they are lowered therethrough into the molten zinc. However, the surface of that portion of the bath from which the articles are withdrawn should be maintained free from flux, for otherwise particles of the flux would adhere to the coated articles as they are Withdrawn and leave them with an unsatisfactory and wholly undesirable surface finish.
Heretofore, a dam has been placed across the top portion of the zinc kettle to maintain the flux at that end of the bath of molten zinc where the articles are submerged, and the articles have been so manipulated by the operators as to cause them to pass beneath the dam and into the bright The patent of Richard S. Rheem and Robert D. Patterson, No. 2,520,658, discloses a method and apparatus for galvanizing ferrous articles in which the articles to be galvanized are supported by hooks from a continuously-moving overhead conveyor which has a path of travel such that the suspended articles are automatically lowered through the flux layer into the molten zinc at the immersion end of the zinc kettle, carried, submerged, through the zinc kettle, and finally withdrawn at the bright end of the kettle. The apparatus shown therein for confining the flux to but one portion of the surface of the molten zinc bath comprises a pair of dams disposed transversely across the upper part of the kettle, each extending inwardly and oppositely from the opposite edges of the kettle and being of such length that their inner ends are closely adjacent, but so spaced that the shanks of the article-supporting hooks may pass therebetween. Such opening between the dams permits some of the flux to pass therethrough from the flux-covered portion of the surface of the molten zinc bath to the bright end of the kettle. Also, the shanks of the supporting hooks tend to drag some of the flux through such opening.
The present invention contemplates apparatus for confining a flux or similar layer to one portion of the surface of a body of liquid coating medium, while permitting supporting means for the articles to be coated to pass therethrough; and particularly a flux dam for use in a galvanizing kettle'which may form part of an automatic galvanizing system of the general nature of that disclosed in the above-mentioned application.
More specifically, the present invention contemplates a flux dam or similar restrictive and confining apparatus comprising a pair of dams which extend only slightly below the surface of the liquid coating material and which extend inwardly from the opposite sides of the kettle in such a relation to one another that their inner ends are closely adjacent but are spaced transversely of the kettle a distance sufficient to permit the supporting means for the articles to be coated to pass between them, and a conduit for compressed air having an outlet so positioned and directed that a blast of air therefrom will blow the flux back and away from the space through which the supporting members pass and thereby prevent the flux from passing through such space into the bright end of the kettle. The dams are so positioned relative to one another that their inner ends not only are spaced transversely of the kettle a distance sufiicient to permit passage of the article-supporting means, but also are spaced longitudinally of the kettle, and the outlet for the compressed air conduit is directed generally transversely of the kettle and into the space between the inner ends of the dams.
The invention will be further described in connection with the accompanying drawings which show embodiments of the invention particularly adapted for confining a layer of flux to the immersion end of a galvanizing kettle. However, it is to be understood that such further and detailed description is merely by way of exemplification and the invention is not limited thereby, except to the extent set forth in the appended claims.
In the drawings:
Fig. 1 is a plan view of a galvanizing kettle embodying the present invention,
Fig. 2 is a partial side elevational view on an enlarged scale, and
Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional view, on an enlarged scale, taken along line 3-3 of Fig. 2.
In the drawings I designates any suitable kettle for holding a bath of molten zinc 2 through which ferrous articles 3" are to be passed for galvanizing. The articles are carried by hooks 4 suspended from any satisfactory continuouslymoving overhead conveying means (not shown).
A pair of dams 5 and 6 is transversely disposed across the kettle adjacent the imersion end. The dams are positioned opposite one another and extend inwardly from the opposite sides of the kettle and have their inner ends lying adjacent the longitudinal center thereof and so spaced with respect to one another that the shank of a supporting hook can pass therethrough with a minimum of clearance, The lower edges of the dams extend slightly below the surface of the molten zinc but not a suincient distance therebelow to interfere with the free passage of the 7 articles thereunder. The upper edges of the dams extend above the surface off the molten zinc a distance sufficient to maintain a layerof flux 3 on the molten zinc between the dams and the adjacent end of the kettle.
A second pair of dams I and II is spaced slightly forward of the dams and '6 in the direction of the travel of the articles through the tank. These dams, like-the dams 5 and 5, have their lower edges extending slightly below the surface of the molten zinc, but not a sufficient distance therebelow to interfere with the free passage of the articles thereunder, and have their upper edges extending above the surface of the molten zine a distance sufficient to maintain a layer I; of flux on the molten zinc between the pairs of dams. However, the dams i9 and II, in addition "to having their inner ends so spaced with respect to one another transversely of the kettle that the shank of a supporting hook may pass between them, are so positioned that the dam ii lies slightly forward of dam to in the direction of the travel of; the articles through the kettle.
The layer ii of flux lying between the pairs of dams is of substantially greater density and viscosity than the flux layer B. As the shanks, of successive hooks pass through dams 5 and some ojthe flux behind these damsisdrag ed or oarried into the portion of the bath between the pairs of dams. This transfer of flux from one portion of. the bath to another is opposed bythe denser. more Viscous flux layer l2. However, even though the. layer. 12 f flux betweenthe. pairs of dam is Of. greater densit and viscosity than the flux f. the pr ce in l yer which covers the mmersion nd of the. bath, some of it oo will tend to be carried by the supporting hook shanks through the opening. between. dams. l0 and. ii. Such passage, of fiux. into the bright. end of the bath is prevented by a jet of compressed air which. is directed toward the space between the inner ends of the dams. l9 and H in a direction generally transversely of the kettle. The compressed air is furnished from a compressed air supply pipe l3, through a valve M and a conduit 15 so supported that a compressed air blast or. jet emitted. therefrom willbe directed into the space between the. dams.
The air blast or jet continually impinges against the flux just back of the. opening between dams Hi and i l, as well as. against the shanks of the supporting hooks passing therethrough and prevents any flux, including that on the hook shanks, from passing through such space. into the bright end of the bath where it could adhere, to the freshly coated articles, asthey are-being; Withdrawn from the bath.
By directing the air blast. or, jet transversely of the kettle into. the opening. between the; dams iii and H and against the supernatant layer of flux behind the. dam I, a. clockwise swirling motion is imparted to. the. fluxxwhich tends to sweep it past the opening andthereby further facilitates the retention.v of the; flunbehind' the dam.
Preferably, the pressure of thecompressed air 7 issuing from the conduit isso. controlled by air valve 14 that. it never substantially exceeds that required to prevent, thefluxfrom. passing through the space; between. the dams into thebright. end of the.- kcttle... Excessive. pressure inithe conduit may cause anundesirable mixing of the flux with the molten zinc, resulting in particles of flux adhering to the surfaces of the articles being coated and causing the coating to be imperfect. Also, an excessively high-pressure blast or jet of compressed air may cause such agitation of the bath that dross, which normally sinks to the bottom of the bath, will be disseminated throughout the molten zinc and, consequently, be apt to adhere to the surfaces of the articles being coated, also causing an imperfect coating thereon.
Wings I6 and I1 are provided for dams l0 and H to prevent flux that-may accumulate behind the dams from piling up therebehind and escaping over the adjacent edges of the kettle. The wings extend rearwardly from dams l9 and II to dams 5 and 6, thus setting up a barrier to the passage of any flux over the edges of the kettle between the dams.
While the invention has been described in connection with a galvanizing kettle having two pairs of dams maintaining a dense and more viscous flux layer between them, it is to be understood that the air blast or jet may be used with but a single pair of dams, Also, it is to be understood that various changes may be made in the details of the apparatus without departing from the invention or sacrificing the advantages thereof.
I claim:
1. In metal-coating apparatus including an elongated container for a bath of coating metal adapted to have a layer of supernatant flux thereon, said container having a feed end and a discharge end, means for confining a layer of flux to one portion of a bath of molten metal in the container which comprises dams extending inwardly from opposite longitudinal sides of the container and upwardly from the normal level of the upper surface of the molten metal, at least 9;... portions of. the lower edges of said dams bein spaced from the bottom of the container a distance sufiicient to permit articles being coated to pass thereunder, said dams having their adjacent ends spaced apart a distance suflicient to provide a space above the molten metal through which article-carrying members. may pass when traveling horizontally, the adjacent ends of said damsbeing offset from one another longitudinally of the container, and a gas conducting conduit positioned to direct a blast of gas transversely of said container into the space between the adjacent ends. of the dams and against supernatant flux on molten metal behind the dam closest the dis charge end of the container to prevent the flux from passing through said space.
2. Metal coating apparatus as defined in claim 1 in which the adjacent ends of the dams are spaced. apart transversely of the container.
3.. Metal coating apparatus as defined in claim 1 which includes valve means, for regulating. the pressure with which the compressed gas issues from. said conduit.
LYLE W. BECHTER.
REFERENCES. CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number. Name Date 1,535,202 Conlin Apr. 28-, 1925 1,883,427 Wendle: Oct. 18; 1932 1,899,449 Wallsten Feb. 28, 1933 1,934,577 Wendle Nov. '7, 1933 2,062,795 Pike Dec. 1,1936 2;457,083% .Iorden Dec. 21 1948
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2828516A (en) * 1955-02-08 1958-04-01 Koppers Co Inc Ladle for casting metal

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1535202A (en) * 1923-01-05 1925-04-28 John T Pratt Method of removing slag and of neutralizing fumes arising in treatment of molten metals
US1883427A (en) * 1931-06-23 1932-10-18 Reeves Mfg Company Flux box gate
US1899449A (en) * 1932-03-14 1933-02-28 American Steel & Wire Co Apparatus for coating wire
US1934577A (en) * 1931-06-23 1933-11-07 Reeves Mfg Company Flux box gate
US2062795A (en) * 1931-05-04 1936-12-01 Kalif Corp Manufacture of compound strip
US2457083A (en) * 1947-06-27 1948-12-21 Jordan James Fernando Process for controlling the flow of metallurgical liquids

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1535202A (en) * 1923-01-05 1925-04-28 John T Pratt Method of removing slag and of neutralizing fumes arising in treatment of molten metals
US2062795A (en) * 1931-05-04 1936-12-01 Kalif Corp Manufacture of compound strip
US1883427A (en) * 1931-06-23 1932-10-18 Reeves Mfg Company Flux box gate
US1934577A (en) * 1931-06-23 1933-11-07 Reeves Mfg Company Flux box gate
US1899449A (en) * 1932-03-14 1933-02-28 American Steel & Wire Co Apparatus for coating wire
US2457083A (en) * 1947-06-27 1948-12-21 Jordan James Fernando Process for controlling the flow of metallurgical liquids

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2828516A (en) * 1955-02-08 1958-04-01 Koppers Co Inc Ladle for casting metal

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