US2576907A - Hoisting apparatus - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 27, 1951 D. A. WALLACE 2,576,907

HOISTING APPARATUS Filed March 9, 1946 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 IN VEN TOR.

Nov- 7, 1951 D. A. WALLACE I HOISTING APPARATUS 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March 9, 1946 INVENTOR. 34m fizx4/4-zzdc BY WZ% M.

Nov. 27, 195] D. ALWALLACE 2,576,907

HOISTING APPARATUS Filed March 9, 1946 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 I INVENTOR. .Zd/ZZ fiWaZZacc',

m WFM Patented Nov. 27, 1951 HOISTING APPARATUS David A. Wallace, Grosse Pointe Farms, Mich, as-

signor toWalco, Inc., Detroit, Mich., a corpora tion of Michigan Ann e iq Marc 9, 19 s r al N 3.3 6

This invention relates to improved'hoisting apparatus.

More particularly, the invention pertains to power actuated apparatus for hoisting vehicles.

One of the main objects of the invention is to" provide hoisting apparatus of this character which can be conveniently installed in units of a desired number on the ground or higher floors of a building without requiring a pit in the ground floor or a chamber in the room below an upper floor for accommodation of any of the parts of the hoisting structure.

Another object of the invention is to provide hoisting apparatus which can be applied to an article from below it at a location in extremely close proximity to the level'of the floor on which the apparatus is mounted.

Another object of the invention is to provide hoisting apparatus of this character which can be conveniently transferred from one location in a building to another.

Another object of the invention is to'provide in hoisting apparatus of this kind, a boom member which, in lifting an object, may be rotated about an axis adjacent one end thereof from a horizontal' position substantially parallel to the floor of a, building to an approximately upright position and thereafter extend axially for increasing the elevation of the object, if desired.

A further object of the invention is to provide mechanism for rotating such a boom of hoisting apparatus of this character which includes linkage members that exert a toggle-like action upon the boom in rotating it about its pivoted end.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a pivoted seat member on the free end ofthe boom for receiving a portion of an object" to be lifted, and mechanism articulated with the seat. for maintaining it substantially horizontal, or at a predetermined relation to the horizontal, at all positions of the boom in its path of movement from horizontal to upright position.

I Another object of the invention is to provide a pair of hoisting units of the foregoing character either one or both of which may be conveniently shifted relative to each other for adapting the hoistingappar-atus to lift vehicles or other objects of diverse lengths.

Other objects of the invention are to provide fluid pressure operated mechanism for'producingthe rotativ and extending actions of the boom of a; hoisting unit of the foregoing charac; ter; to" provide control apparatus for-the fluid pressure operating mechanism by whichthe boomof a single unit or the booms of a plurality of" units may be rotated to upright position and thereafter extended, and later contracted and subsequently rotated to horizontal position in the order recited.

An illustrativ embodiment of the invention; is

shown in the accompanying drawing; in which;

Fig.1: r'isaperspective view 'showing myi'ni 11 Claims. 254-89) 2 proved hoisting apparatus employed for the 'pur-' pose of hoisting a vehicle.

Fig. 2" is a side elevational view of a hoistin unit of the'apparatus shown in Fig. 1, illustrating the boom structure of the unit in its lower and elevated positions.

Fig. 3" is a fragmentary elevational view of a supporting seat which is particularly adaptedto receive the front end portion of the chassis of a. vehicle;

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary elevational view of a supporting seat which is adapted to receive the rear axle housing of a vehicle.

Fig. 5 is a plan view, partly in section, of the hoisting unit shown in Fig. 2. V

Fig. 6 is a sectional view diagrammatically illustrating a control valve of fluid pressure control mechanism with which the improved hoistin apparatus may be provided.

The improved hoisting apparatus shown in the drawing may be shiftably mounted on the floor of a building but is preferably provided with a platform It! comprising concrete, wood or other suitable material having one or more longitudinally extending grooves I I, open at its upper surface. Spaced tracks I? comprising channel bars having inwardly facing side flanges are disposed along the side walls of each groove H. A removable end wall I3 is preferably provided at one extremity of the groove H for facilitating access to-the end of the groove when desired. The platform 10 has an inclined ramp portion [4 at its left end, as viewed in Fig. 1, up which a vehicle or other object to be hoisted may be moved.

The apparatus shown in Fig. 1 includes a pair of substantially identical hoisting units A and B, the description of one of Which will servefor both. While two hoisting units are preferably employed in hoisting a vehicle, only one may be employed for lifting the ends of a vehicle one at a time. Any desired number of hoisting units may be used as required by the nature of the object or load to be hoisted.

Each hoisting unit A and B comprises a base or carriage generally designated by the numeral it having a frame ill on which are journaled two pairs of wheels 18. The carriage it includes another pair 0? wheels i 9 which are spaced from the frame member H and rigidly connected thereto by a cylinder 20, hereinafter more fully described, and an axle member 2! on which the wheels 19 are journaled. The wheels 19 are provided with holes 22 which register with holes 23 in the flanges of the channel bars [2 for receiving pins (not shown) by which one or both of the hoisting units may be releasably fixed in a selected position longitudinally of the track.

A boomstructure, generally designated by the numeral 24, is pivotally mounted at one end on the frame ll of the carriage it for rotation about a substantially horizontal axis. The boom structure includes a lower section 25 comprising a cylinder and a tubular upper section which is axially shirtably mounted in telescoping relation in the lower section 25. The cylinder of which the lower boom section consists has a closed end at its right extremity, as viewed in the drawings, and this end of the tube is rigidly fixed to a transverse shaft 21 which is journalled in bearings 28 mounted on the carriage frame H. The cylinder included in the upper section 2:: has a closed right end and the walls of the cylinders of the upper and lower boom sections Eli and 25, respectively, fit sufficiently close to form a substantially fluid tight seal therebetween in 'order that the cylinder 26 of the upper boom section will act as a piston within the cylinder of the lower boom section when fluid pressure is admitted, as hereinafter described, into the right end of the cylinder 25, as viewed in Fig. 6.

A ring 29 surrounds and is fixed to the lower boom section 25 and provided with trunnions on which levers 3| are journalled adjacent their right ends as viewed in Fig. 5. The left ends of the levers 3! are journalied on an axle 32 of a wheel and axle assembly 33 having wheels 34 disposed between the side flanges of the channel bars i2 and movably supported by the latter. The wheel and axle assembly 34, together with the ends of the links 3| attached thereto, are adapted to be drawn toward and forced away from the carriage l5 by a piston rod 35 extending into the actuating cylinder 26 and having a piston 36 on its inner end. The outer end of the piston rod 35 is connected with the assembly 33 by a yoke 37 attached to the piston rod and having diverging arm portions 38 journalled on the axle 32. The links 3| serve as a toggle member in rotating the boom structure from its lower full line position to its elevated position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 2 under the action of the piston rod 35 as the latter is moved inwardly of the cylinder 26, from its extended position by the admission of fluid under pressure to the left end of cylinder 20, as hereinafter more fully described. These links 31 are preferably so predetermined in length as to hold the boom structure 24 from reaching a true vertical position in order to make certain that the load on the boom structure will bias it in a counter-clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 2 and towards its lower position. The piston 36 and piston rod 35 may be urged leftwardly by the admission of fluid pressure to right end of the cylinder 25, as hereinafter described, for the purpose of lowering the boom structure 24 to its lowermost position after the load has been removed from the boom.

In order to reduce the torque required to rotate the boom structure 24 about its pivotal axis this rotation is produced while the upper section 25 of the boom is in contracted position within the lower boom section 25. The upper boom section 26may be extended to bring the load to a desired elevation after the boom structure is in its substantially upright position by admitting fluid pressure to the lower end of the cylinder of the lower boom section 25.

While hoisting units embodying the invention may be used for lifting diverse objects, the units A and B shown in the drawings are provided with load-receiving seats which are particularly adapted to receive portions of front and rear ends of a vehicle. The load-receiving seat 39 of the hoisting unit A comprises a channel member 45 having upturned end portions provided with notches 4| for receiving the rear axle housing 42 of the vehicle 43. The channel member as is provided with spaced pairs or arms 43 and 54 between which are received side flanges and 45, respectively, of a head structure 41 rigidly mounted on the upper boom section 26. lhe arms 43 and 44 are pivotally attached to the flanges 45 and 46 by pins 48 and le, respectively, which extend through registering apertures in the associated flanges and arms. The head structure 4? is provided with an abutment surface to which is disposed substantially horizontally when the boom structure is in its substantially upright position and upon which the seat 39 rests while the boom structure is in the latter position.

The load-receiving seat 39 is maintained in substantially horizontal load-receiving and supporting position throughout the entire range of rotative movement of the boom structure 24 by parallelogram mechanism which comprises a pair of link members generally designated by the numeral 5|. Each link member 5| comprises a pair of link sections 52 and 53. The upper section 52 of each link is pivotally attached at 54 to spaced arms 55 rigidly mounted on the loadi-eceiving seat 39. The lower link sections 53 are pivotally attached at 56 to the frame structure I! of the carriage 5, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The distance between the pivotal axis at 54 of the connection between each upper link section 52 and the load-receiving seat, and the distance between the pivotal axis at 56 of the connection between each lower link section 53 and.

the carriage frame I? are substantially equal. Thus, during pivotal movement of the boom structme between its lower and upright positions, the links 5|, which are in their contracted positions, serve to cooperate with the boom structure in providing a parallelogram control action which retains the load-receiving seat 39 in substantially the same position with respect to a horizontal plane throughout the entire range of pivotal movement of the boom structure 24. When the sections of the boom structure are extended, the links 5| also extend to accommodate upward movement of upper boom section 26. When this action takes place, the seat 39 is supported in load sustaining position by engagement with the abutment surface on the head structure 41 provided on the upper boom section 26.

Since the hoisting units A and B are substantially identical, with the exception of the loadsupporting seat structures thereof, the description of the unit A will serve for both. The corresponding parts of the units are designated by the same numerals. The seat of the unit B, which is shown in Fig. 3, is generally designated by the numeral 39' and includes a channel member 51 having notched end pieces 58 adapted to receive portions of the front end of a vehicle for supporting it as illustrated in Fig. 1.

The hoisting apparatus may be provided with any suitable fluid pressure supply system. In the drawings is illustrated a fluid pressure supply system which is particularly adapted for the application of the hoisting apparatus to the lifting of vehicles. This system includes a fluid pressure-creating unit diagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 1 and generally designated by the numeral 59. Inasmuch as any of a large number of commercially available fluid pressure-creating devices may be employed, a detailed description thereof is not herein set forth. The fluid presa sreative un t 58 supp ie fluid. under Pr set? s a m ua ly q trqllabls v l en rall designated by the numeral 60, and shown somewhat. in detail in Fig. '7. The valve 60 comprises a stationary casing 6| ofgenerally cylindrical shape having a cylinder 62 in its interior in weigh s a h mo d movable va ve el ment The easin BI s provided w t n. n et port 64 communicating with the central portion of the cylinder 62 through which fluid under Pre sure is su plied to the interior of the valve from the fluidpressureecreating unit 59. This valve asing 6| ha two o tle po s 65 and 6B and an exhaust port 61. Conduits 88 and 69, preferably comprising flexible hose, communicate with outlet ports 65 and 66 and extend from the valve along the channel ll so as to serve the cylinders 20 which rotate the boom structures of the hoisting units A and B and the cylinders 25, respectively, of the boom structures thereof by which the boom structures are extended. As shown in Fig. 1, the conduit 68 has a branch 10 leading to the left end of cylinder of unit B, in which is included a shut-off valve 11. left end of the conduit 68 is provided with a shut-off valve 12 and it communicates with left end of the cylinder 20 of unit A. A branch conduit, 13 having a shut-off valve 14 leads from the conduit 68 and communicates with the right end of the cylinder 20 of a unit B. A branch conduit 15, having a shut-off valve 16 leads from the conduit 68 and communicates with the right end of the cylinder 2!] of unit A. The conduit 69 has a branch 11, provided with a shut-off valve 18, communicating with the lower end of the cylinder of unit B, as viewed in Fig. 1, which corresponds to the right end of the cylinder 25 when the boom structure is in the position shown in Fig. 6. conduit 69 has a shut-ofi valve 19 and it communicates with the lower end of the cylinder 25 of hoisting unit A.

The movable valve element as has a V shaped notch to which fluid under pressure is supplied from the inlet $4 and it is provided with a peripheral recess 86 of sufficient length to connect both ports 65 and 65 with the exhaust 51 when the movable valve element is in the position shown in Fig. 7, at which time the notch 80' is out of registration with 65; 66 and 61 and both conduits 68 and 69 and the cylinders connected therewith are exhausted if the individually operable shut-off valves 1!, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 19 are open.

The first step of clockwise'rotation of the valve member 63 from the position shown in Fig. 6 the. notch 8!! into communication with onlyfthe port and conduit 68. This movement of the valve member, which may be effected by manipulation of the handle, causes an indentation 83 in the periphery of the valve member 80 to move into registration with a springpressed detent 84 shiftably mounted in the Wall of. the valve casing 6| for the purpose of establishing the intermediate position of the valve member 63. The opposite limiting positions of the valve member 63 are established by engagement of the handle 82 with shoulders 85 and 86, respectively, on the outer periphery of the valvejcasing 6!.

When the valve member 63 is in its intermediate position, fluid under pressure may be simultaneously supplied to only the left ends of the cylinders 20 of the hoisting units A and B if valvesJZ andljl are, open and valves 16 and 14,

The left end portion of the The 1 of the boom structures 24 of each unit are ex:

tended simultaneously to their outermost positions, thus lifting a vehicle to the position shown in Fig 1. Either boom structure may be retained in its lower position while rotatively elevating the other bysuitable manipulation of the shutoff valves associated therewith prior to opening of the main control valve 66. Likewise, either one of the upper sections of the boom structure may,

be extended while the other remains in contracted position by proper manipulation of the shut-off valves 11 and 19.

The vehicle may be lowered to floor level by first returning the valve member 53 to its intermediate position and retaining it in such position until the fluid pressure is exhausted from the cylinder 25 by flowing from the conduit 59 through the recess 8! to the exhaust port 6? which, in this position of the valve, connects only the latter conduit with the exhaust conduit 61. This operation permits the outer sections 25 of the boom structures of both units to shift to their retracted positions under the weight of the vehicle. When the outer boom sections 26 have been fully retracted, the valve member 63 is then returned to the position shown in Fig. 6 and fluid pressure is exhausted from the conduit 63 through the recess 8i and exhaust port 51. This action exhausts the fluid pressure from the cylinders 20, thus accommodating counter-clockwise rota tion of the contracted boom structures 24 under the load of the vehicle toward their lower positions. If the weight of the vehicle is received by the platform It) before the boom structures are returned to their lowermost positions, then the.

of the cylinders 2!], thus forcing the pistons of the latter to their extreme left hand positions It is believed to be obvious that the hoisting units may be operated individually by suitable setting of the appropriate shut-off valves. The various shut-off valves may also be employed to retain fluid under pressure in the cylinders of the apparatus withoutrelying upon a continued supply of fluid pressure through the valve 611. The rate of lowering movement of hoists may also be adjustably predetermined by manipulation of a valve 81 in an exhaust conduit 88 leads ing from the exhaust port 61.

By virtue of the design and construction of the foregoing hoisting apparatus, it may be employed on any floor of a building without requiring accommodation of any portion of the apparatus in the space below the floor on which it is "mounted. The torque required to rotate the boom structure 24 of the apparatus is held to a reasonably low value by rotating it while in it while in a substantially upright position,

7 pairol? hoisting units of the kind described may be'readily positioned for receiving vehicles or other objects of various dimensions. Several tracks may be provided in a floor or platform as shown in Fig. 1 and the hoisting units may be shifted from one to the other, as required. The control valve 60 may be relied upon to simultaneously rotate both or either hoisting unit to an upright position and to thereafter extend both or either of the boom structures. This valve mechanism also serves to first eliect contraction of the boom structures and to thereafter rotate them to their lower positions.

The load-receiving seat structures 39 of the boom structures are maintained in a proper load supporting position throughout the entire range of rotative movement of the boom structures and when the latter are in their substantially upright positions, the load supporting seats are positively held in horizontal positions by engagement with the abutment surfaces 59 on the upper ends of the sections 2%. An eiiective toggle-like action involving relatively low frictional resistance is utilized for rotating the boom structures.

Although but one specific embodiment of the invention is herein shown and described, it will be understood that various changes in the sequence of operations, steps and materials employed may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.

I claim:

1. Hoisting apparatus including a structure, a boom member pivotally mounted adjacent one of its end portions on said base structure, elevating mechanism for rotating said boom member from a horizontal to a substantially upright position including a toggle element pivoted at one end to said boom member and having means shiftably mounting its opposite end for movement toward and away from said base structure, power actuating. means connected with said toggle element for moving the shiftable end of the latter toward and away from said base structure to elevate and lower said boom member, respectively, a seat shiftably mounted on the free end of said boom member for receiving an object to be elevatedfand means for shifting said seat relative to said boom member during rotative movement of the latter about its pivotal axis to maintain said seat in a fixed relationship to a horizontal plane throughout all positions of rotative movement of said boom member, said means including an extensible and contractible element for accommodating extension and contraction of said boom member.

2. Hoisting apparatus including a base structure, a boom member pivotally mounted adjacent one of its end portions on said base structure, elevating mechanism for rotating said boom member from a horizontal to a substantially upright position including a toggle element pivoted at one end to said boom member and having means shiftably mounting its opposite end for movement toward and away from said base structure, power actuating means connected with said toggle element for moving the shiftable end of the latter toward and away from said base structure to elevate and lower said boom member respectively, a seat pivotally mounted on the free end portion of said boom member for receiving an object to be elevated, said seat and boom member having registering abutment surfaces spaced from the pivotal axis of said seat and engageable for maintaining the latter in a' substantially horizontal load supporting position when said 'boom member is in its upright position, and parallelogram "mechanism for maintaining said seat in said position during rotative movement of said boom member from its horizontal to its upright position. g

"'3; Hoisting apparatus including a base structure,'a boom member pivotally mounted adjacent one of itsend portions on said base structure, mechanism for rotating said boom member about its pivotal axis, a seat shiftably mounted on the free end of said'boom member, means for shifting said seat relative to said boom member during rotative movement of the latter about its pivotal axis to maintain said seat in a fixed load supporting relationship with respect to a horizontal plane throughout the range of rotative movement of said boom member and registering abutment surfaces on said seat and boom member engageable with each other for maintainin said seat in a substantially horizontal load supporting position when said boom member is in its upright position.

4. Hoisting apparatus including a base structure, a boom member pivotally mounted adjacent one of its end portions on said base structure, mechanism for rotating said boom member about its pivotal axis, a seat pivotally mounted on the free end portion of said boom member for receiving an object to be elevated, said seat and boom member having registering abutment surfaces spaced irci'n the pivotal axis of said seat and engageable for maintaining the latter in a substantially horizontal load supporting position when said boom member is in its upright position, and parallelogram mechanism for maintaining said seat in said position during rotative movement of said boom'member from its horizontal to its upright position.

5. Hoisting apparatus including a base structure, a boom member pivotally mounted adjacent one of its end portions on said base structure for movement about a substantially horizontal axis, said boom member comprising an axially extensible and retractable section, means for extending and retracting said section of said boom member, mechanism for rotating said boom member about its axis between substantially horizontal and substantially upright positions, a load-carrying seat pivotally mounted on the outer end portion of said section of said boom member, means connected between said base structure and seat for pivotally moving said seat relative to said boom member in timed relation to relative movement of said boom member to maintain said seat in a fixed load-supportin relationship with respect to a horizontal plane throughout the range of pivotal movement of said boom member, said last mentioned means including an axially extensible and contractable link for accommodating extension and retraction of said section of said boom member when the latter is in upright position, and registering abutment surfaces on said section of said boom member and said seat respectively, spaced from the pivotal axis of said seat and engageable for maintaining said seat in a load-supporting position when said boom is in its upright position.

6. Vehicle hoisting apparatus including spaced tracks, a pair of hoisting units shiftably mounted on said tracks each including a carriage having wheel members confined on said tracks, a boom structure pivotally mounted adjacent one of its ends on each of said carriages respectively, mechanism for rotating the boom structure of each unit from a relatively horizontal position to a substantially upright position, said mechanism of each unit comprising a lever member pivotally attached at one end to said boom structure and shiftably and pivotally connected at its opposite end to said tracks and comprising an actuatin unit for shifting the last mentioned end of said lever member toward said carriage for elevating said boom structure, a seat element on the free end of the boom structure of each unit for respectively receiving a portion of the front and rear ends of a vehicle, and means for releasably fixing the carriage of one of said hoisting units to said tracks.

7. Vehicle hoisting apparatus accommodatable substantially entirely Within the space above a level of a floor including a pair of hoisting units each comprising a shiftable floor supported carriage, an extensible and retractable boom structure having a lower section pivotally mounted on said carriage for rotative movement about a substantially horizontal axis and an upper section axially shiftably mounted on said lower boom section and havin fluid pressure actuating mechanism for extending said boom sections from a contracted relationship, mechanism for rotating said boom structure from its lower position adiacent said floor level to its elevated position including a toggle member pivotally attached at one end to said lower boom section 1 and having means on its opposite end for shiftably supporting it upon said floor and including fluid pressure actuating means for shifting the last mentioned end of said toggle member toward said carriage for rotatin said boom structure from its lower position to its elevated position, a seat element on the upper section of the boom structure of each hoisting unit for respectively receiving a portion of the front and rear ends of a vehicle, and a fluid pressure supply system for the fluid pressure actuating means of said boom structure rotating and extending mechanisms including control apparatus having a shiftable valve member and ports controlled thereby, said ports being so constructed and ar- 1.

said boom member on said base structure for r movement from a generally horizontal position to an upright position, mechanism for shifting said boom member from its generally horizontal position to its upright position, a seat pivotally mounted on the upper end of said boom member for receiving an object to be elevated, said seat and boom member having registering abutment surfaces spaced from the pivotal axis of said seat and engageable for maintaining the latter in a substantially horizontal load supporting position when said boom member is in its upright position, and parallelogram mechanism for maintaining said seat in said position during rotative movement of said boom member from its generally horizontal to its upright position.

9. Hoisting apparatus including a base structure, a boom member comprising relatively axially extensible and contracta-ble sections, means shiftably mounting said boom member on said base structure for movement from a generally horizontal position to an upright position, mechanism for shifting said boom member from its generally horizontal position to its upright position, apparatus for axially extending said boom member, a seat pivotally mounted on the upper end of said boom member for receiving an object to be elevated, said seat and boom member having registering abutment surfaces spaced from the pivotal axis of said seat and engageable for maintaining the latter in a substantially horizontal load supporting position when said boom member is in its upright position, and parallelogram mechanism for maintaining said seat in said position durin relative movement of said boom member for its generally horizontal position to its upright position including a link ele* ment comprising extensible and contractable sections for accommodating extension and contraction of said boom member.

10. Vehicle hoisting apparatus including spaced tracks, a pair of hoisting units shiftably mounted on said tracks each includin a carriage having track engaging members confined on said tracks, a boom structure pivotally mounted adjacent one of its ends on each of said carriages respectively, mechanism for rotating the boom structure of each unit from a relatively horizontal position to a substantially upright position, said mechanism of each unit comprising a lever system pivotally connected at one end to said boom structure and shiftably and pivotally connected at its opposite end to said tracks and comprising an actuating unit for producing relative shifting movement between the last mentioned end of said lever system and said carriage for elevatin said boom structure, a seat on the free end of the boom structure of each unit for respectively receiving a portion of the front and rear ends of a vehicle, and means for releasably fixing one of said hoisting units to said tracks.

11. Hoisting apparatus comprising a base structure, a boom member having a load receiving seat on one end, a carriage pivotally supporting the other end of said boom member and shiftably mounted on said base structure, link means pivotally connected at one end to an intermediate portion of said boom member, a second carriage on said base structure, means pivotally connecting the other end of said link means to said second carriage, and mechanism for shiftin said boom member from a generally horizontal to a generally vertical position comprising a cylinder fixed to one of said carriages and a piston member fixed to the other carriage and slidably engaged in said cylinder and including means communicating with said cylinder for supplying a fluid medium to said cylinder to urge one of said carriages toward the other.

DAVID A. WALLACE.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,818,077 Manley et a1 Dec. 31, 1928 2,015,357 Weaver Sept. 24, 1935 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 297,907 Italy June 23, 1932 549, 24 Great Britain Nov. 6. 1942 623,795 qermany Jan. 4, 1936

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