US2542729A - Vaporizing type oil burner - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 20, 1951 J. THoMsoN 2,542,729

` vAPoRIzING TYPE 011. BURNER Filed June 26, 1948 ILL' Jaffa/'Wigwam' Patented Feb. 20, 1951 UNI-TEDv STATES QllilCll'lv 2,542,729y vPoRIz'ING TYPE ein BURNER John Thomson, oakland, Calif. applicati-canne 26, 194:8; seria: No; 35;:{09

'i' Claims (CL. 15S-81)? This invention relates to improvements in oilburnerunits.

An object of the present invention is the provision of a unit for burning oilmore efficiently than the knownl devices'for' this purpose, and without the formation of carbon.

A` further object is theprovision of an oil burner unit in Which the o-iil and air suppiy thereto are preheated. l

A further object is the provision of an oil burner unit'. in which the air is directedv on to the surface of the oil in order tol form a comparatively large Volume of carbon monoxide at' this point in order toobtain increasedefiiciency fromV the hydrogen content of the oil by keeping the' formation of water to a minimum. y

A. still further object is the provs'ioriof an oil burner unit in which aV pilot light' may be burned withoutl the formation' off-carbon;

A further object is the provisionV of a device of the nature described in which automatic electric ignition may be employed without danger of theelectrode being burned by excessive heat;

With the aboveV and further objects. in view,A the present invention consists essentially of oil burner unit comprising-V an openetopped' corn-y bustion chamber having perforated side Walls` diverging towards the top thereofr meansfor sun` plying air to the chamber through the perforattions o its side walls, a sump at the bottom of the chamber, and means: for supplying oilto: the

This device consists of an. open-topped coin-V bustion chamber tu having'side walls Il each of which is formed With a plurality of periorations. I3. The sections I5 of these side walls converge to a point [6- spaced above the bottom (1 of the combustion chamber, andthe sections ldiverge from said point towards the top of'thechamber. The perforations in the sections tifare directed towards the bottom f T, whereas the' perforations ofthe sections I8 ale.V directed inwardly' and'fup'f wardly in relation to the combustion chamber. The chamber is closed by end walls Zllwhcb; may be vertical or they may divergetowards the' top of the chamber, as shown. The angleof the 2 sections' i5' may range approximately from 45 degrees to`60 degrees; While that of they sections t8 may' beanglular for 45 degrees to 80 degreesV from the horizontal; Y

A rsump- 2'5 is mounted at the bottom of the chamber I0 centrally thereof. This sump preff erably projects?intoy the chamber above the bot--y torn IT, andis'forrned" with oneormre openings 2tV in its wall above or in' line with saidv bottom; If' desired, a Iplurality `of openings 21' y'may' be' drilled' in thewallof the sump and directed downwardly towardsthefsump' bottom.V Walls 28 ex? tentialorrgTv opposite sidesofl the sump projecting intofthe combustion chamber; It is highly desir-V able to fornrawell= 29` atjthe bottom ofjthe sump, said wellv Incing` ofA smaller crossasectional area than thesump itselff Abipe 30'is provided for directing oilrrorn'a suitable; isource of supply, not

shown; to vthe sump and" itslweil' immediately beheath the bottonr of' thev combustion chamber. It' is preferable-'tofhave this pipe extend along the bottom for some distance before reaching the sump.` The'oii level in the'sump is controlled by the usualy equipment for this purpose, and as this need not befdescribed herein. y

Suitable means.vr is provided for directing air through. the perforations I3' ofthe side walls Il intoj tl-1ev combustion chamber. A closed air box.v

351 is-provided vfor this purpose. The .combustion chamber ismountedj, inthis box ,and opens out-r wardly through the top thereof, said chamber being ,spacedv from therwalls 36 and the bottom 3T'of the-box; For convenience vof manufacture', the side Walls4 Il" of the 'chamber maybe formed with' Iianges k35 at the top thereofadapted to overlap" the top'- 4U of thev box, to which they are secured any suitable, manner.. v

AAir issupplied'under'low pressure to'. thebox 35; from which it passes through, the perforations |v3`intol"theicombustion chaniber.y A relatively laitierpipe` jextends longitudinally of the box.A 35'bel'o`w" the bottom'thereofg The end46 of this.

pipe is. closed, while` itsV opposite end il is connected to a small. blower unit, not. shown, which. isoperateri' in the usual manner; A verticalbaffie 48 extends longitudinally ofthe. pipe, and conduits SEI'v are located Yalong each side of the pipe and extend upwardly' through the bottomr'linto the box 35 on each side of the. combustionchamberfnear the bottom" thereonv TheseV conduits extend substantially throughout the length of the chamber'a'ndi communicatewiththe interior of the interior of the' air box at 52'. A sloping baffie 53 is located between the end 52 of each conduit and the section I8 of the adjacent wall II, said baie being substantially parallel with and spaced from said wall. For convenience of manufacture, the baffles 53 may be formed integrally with the bottom Il of the combustion chamber. In this case, the side walls II and the end walls 20 of the chamber are formed separately from the bottom thereof, and the bottom is secured to the lower edges of said walls in any suitable manner,- such as by welding. f

In order to start this burner, a small amount of oil is directed into the bottom of the sump through the pipe 3E). This is ignited and when the surrounding parts are heated, the oil is then turned on. It is preferable to turn the oil on gradually. The oil lls the sump and runs out through the openings 26 on to the bottom I'I of the combustion chamber, where it is converted` into vapour which burns in said chamber. The cross-sectional area of the combustion chamber gradually increases towards its top in order to accommodate the increasing volume of gases as they rise from the bottom to the top of the chamber. These gases mix withuair entering the chamber through theperforations I3 and burn with avery hot flame. As the perforations in the sections I of the side walls are directed downwardly, 'the air passing therethrough is drected on to the surface of the .oil on the bottom of the chamber. This unites oxygen and carbon at the ignition point of the oil at comparatively low temperatures, resulting in the formation of a comparatively large amount of carbon monoxide at said point, thereby increasing the efciency of "the'device, Large amounts of carbon monoxide at the primary combustion point result in increased eciency from the hydrogen content of the oil as the formation of water is kept to a minimum due to immediate higher temperature when the secondary air is introduced through the sections I 8 of the side walls.

The air passes along the pipe 45 and the com duits 50, from which it is directed intoV the air box 35 along the opposite sides of the combustion chamber. The baffles 53 ensure a fair distribution of the air through the perforations I3. The air box and perforated walls of the combustion chambers permit maximum air input at low pressures, thus keeping air temperatures down. Furthermore, the air is preheated in the box before entering thefcombustion chamber.

According to this invention, the oil is supplied to the bottom of the sump. A pilot light may be provided in the customary manner, that is, when the oil is shut olf, a small amount is allowed to trickle Athrough the feed pipe in order to keep a small llame'V burning. In this case, the flame is in the sump at the'b'ottom thereof, and a limited amount of air is supplied thereto through the openings 271.- The sump wall protects the llame from excess air and it retains suicient heat Ito keep the pilot light burning with carbon-free flame.

Automatic ignition is'shown in Figure 4. An igniting rod 50 of any well-known automatic system projects in to .the sump. When oil is turned up for high heat,t his rod is immersed in oil pref venting it from being burned out,

I claim:

1. An oil burner unit comprising a closed air box, a combustion chamber having side walls mounted in the box and vopening Aoutwardly through the top thereof, said walls converging to a horizontal plane spacedabove thebottom of the chamber and diverging from said 'plane towards the chamber top, and said chamber being spaced from the walls of the box, conduits extending through the box on each side of the combustion chamber, said conduits communicating at one of their ends with the interior of the box, means for supplying air to the conduits, a sloping baille between the end of each conduit and the adjacent diverging section of the combustion chamber side wall, each of said baiiies being substantially parallel with and spaced from the adjacent wall, a sump at the bottom of the chamber, and means for supplying oil to the sump.

2. An oil burner unit comprising a closed air box, a combustion chamber having side walls mounted in the box and opening outwardly through the top thereof, said walls converging to a horizontal plane spaced above the bottom of the chamber and dii/erging from said plane towards the chamber top, and said chamber being spaced vfrom the walls of the box, conduits extending upwardly through the bottom of the box on each side of the combustion chamber near the bottom thereof, said conduits extending substantally throughout the length of the chamber and communicating at their upper ends with the interior of the box, an air supply pipe extending between the conduits, said conduits communicating at their lower ends with the interior of the pipe, a vertical baille extending longitudinally of the pipe, a sump at the bottom of the chamber, and means for supplying oil to the sump. y

. 3. An oil burner unit comprising a closed air box, a combustion chamber having side walls mounted in the box and opening outwardly through the top thereof, said walls converging to a horizontal plane spaced above the bottom of the chamber and diverging from said plane towards the chamber top, and said chamber being spacedffrom the walls of the box, conduits extending within the box on each side of the combustion chamber near the bottom thereof, a sump at the bottom of the chamber, and having a part at the sides thereof extending above the chamber bottom, said part having a plurality of openings directed downwardly towards the sump @bottom, and means for supplying oil to the bottom of the sump.

4. In an oil burner, a housing provided with a burner throat in the upper portion and having opposing elongated side walls and opposing end Walls defining with a substantially flat bottoni wall a combined vaporization land combustion chamber, said sidewalls having lower sections extending upwardly from said bottom in convergent relation and upper sections extending upwardly from said lower sections toward said throat in angular relationrto said lower sections, an oil sump opening directly into the space dened by said lower wall sections and spaced mediately of said sections and of said end walls, said lower sections having air inlet openings to direct streams of air to and immediately over said sump,v and said upper sections having air inlet openings directing air inwardly and upwardly into the space between said upper sections and into said throat.

5. An oil burner in accordance with claim 4,

'characterized by said sump having a member extending into the space between the lower sections and having. air Ainlet openings extending therethrough. Y

6..An oil burner in accordance with .claim 4,

characterizedby the lower sections having a lesser depth than said upper sections.

7. In an oil burner, a housing provided with a burner throat in the upper portion and having opposing elongated side walls and opposing end walls dening with a substantially flat bottom wall a combined vaporization and combustion chamber, said side walls having lower s'ections extending upwardly from said bottom in convergent relation and upper sections extending upwardly from said lower sections toward said throat in angular relation to said lower sections, means adapted to direct oil adjacent said bottom wall and into the space defined by said lowerwall sections and mediately of said sections andV of said end walls, said lower sections having air inlet openings to direct streams of air to and immediately over said means, and said uppersections having air inlet openings directing air inwardly and upwardly into the space between said upper sections and into said throat.

JOHN THOMSON.

6 REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PA'IENTS Number Name Date 720,889 Calkins Feb. 17, 1903 938,428 Moore Oct. 26, 1909 1,910,615 Laney YMay 23, 1933 2,042,785 f Holmes June 2', 1936 2,091,487 Peoples Aug. 31, 1937 2,104,592 Jungers Jan. 4, 1938 2,162,084 Hoffman June 13, 1939 2,225,467 Breese Dec. 17, 1940 2,346,817 Breese et al Apr. 17, 1944 2,248,760 Stamm May 16, 1944 2,391,585 Miller Dec. 25, 1945 2,393,176 Livar et al Jan. 15, 1946 2,432,143 De Lancey Dec.v 9, 1947

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