US2536919A - Burner liner comprising interlocking liner elements - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 2, 1951 G. F. DOYLE 2,536,919

BURNER LINER COMPRISING INTERLOCKING LINER ELEMENTS Filed Feb. 12, 1945 I I I' I I I I I I I IIIIII/IIA I. I 51/272237".- 213 21 @w em z Patented Jan. 2, 1951 UNITED "STATES PATENT OFFICE i BURNER LINER. COMPRISING INTER- LOCKING LINER ELEMENTS "George FIlDoyle, Chicago; Ill. Application February 12, 1945;.Serial No. 577,445

'8 Claims. 1

This invention relates in general to a refractory lining for stoves, furnaces, fire boxes, and the like, and is more particularly designated as a vented refractory lining adapted to fit a warm air furnace, a hot water or a steam boiler, the lining extending from the grate up to the feed door. t

An important object of the invention is to provide a refractory lining which may be easily, quickly and efficiently applied to a furnace or boiler.

A further object of the invention is to provide a refractory lining composed of small units which fit easily together and provide an air space between adjacent units and back of them as they are appliedto a furnace wall.

A further object of the invention is to provide a Vented refractory lining which enables the user to put sufficient fuel into the heating plant at one firing and without smothering the fire,

thereby materially reducing the firing intervals to one or two times a day.

A further object of the invention is to provide a refractory lining which will burn various sizes of fuels, even stokercoals in a satisfactory manner. V

.A further object of the invention is to provide a vented refractory lining which largely eliminates difiiculty from clinkers in using any ofv the finer grades of coal due to burning over. a. large area and not raising the temperature sufficient to fuse the ashes.

Other objects of the invention are to prevent smothering the fire; to hold a steady heat from 12 to 48 hours depending upon weather conditions; to keep a fire-box filled without smothering the fire; to act as a smoke consumer to reduce the loss of unburned coal in the ash pit; to eliminate mechanical maintenance cost of a stoker; to give noiseless operation; to effect substantial fuel saving, and also to maintain uniform room temperature where thermostatically controlled damper regulation is used.

Other objects of the invention will appear in the specification and will be apparent from the accompanying drawing in which,

Fig. l is a sectional view of a lining in accordance with this invention as applied to the fire box of an ordinary furnace;

Fig. 2 is a top sectional view taken on the line 2--2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is an elevational view of a number .of the lining elements as shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the element shown in Fig. 3; and

Fig. 5 is a perspective of one of the lining tiles or units.

By providing a lining of this kind, an ordinary heater may be converted into a magazine, type of burner with a holder for a large amount of fuel without changing the design or construction of the furnace or heater to which it is applied. Since the lining provides its own vents adjacent the wall of the. furnace, it'is practically impossible to smother the fire because no gases are entrapped within the furnace, and since the vented lining extends at intervals all .around the grate or furnace, any grade of solid fuel may be placed in the magazine-which will burn from the bottom and sides so. that the inside of the charge is the last to be consumed.

In the present invention, the lining is produced by alternating the vented units or bricks with plastic refractory material'which hardens in place so that this lining is easily applied to any fire box or heating unit. By making the units or bricks of substantially rectangular size or cross section, they are easily and quickly set up and connected to provide a lining in a heater of any size or shape and need not conform exactly to the curvature or shape of the inside heater wall.

Referring now more'particularly to the drawings, the invention is shown as applied to a fire box Ill having a grate at the bottom with an outer fixed grate ring I I and movable grate bars l2 supported by the ring. The fire box is supported by a base l3 andthe conventional fire doors, ash doors, and other conventional fitting of a furnace or burner are omitted. It is sufficient that air for supporting combustion enters from the base and passes up through the grate intoand through the fuel and is discharged at the top of the fire box.

This invention comprises a vented refractory lining which is built about the inside wall of the firebox and comprises alternate vertical sections of refractory tiles [4 and plastic fire brick [5. These vertical sections are built up upon a marginal plastic fire brick ring H5 at the bottom of the sections I4 and I5 and supported upon the grate ring II, thus reducing the diameter of the fire box only the double"'thickness of the tile, but materially increasing the depth of'the fire box and providing a magazine into which the fuel may be deposited.

Each of the refractory tiles has opposite side portions or ends El and i8 jointedby an intermediate portion which extends only about half way through the tile leavinga-space20 or a recess formed by the intermediate wall portion 19 and the inner exposed faces of the sides or ends I! and 18 at one side of the tile to form a flue. The outer faces of the ends are formed with corrugations 2| by which they will adhere to and interlock with the plastic fire brick sections l5 which are of approximately the same width as the tile sections. The upper end 22 of each side I7 and I8 is rounded or curved preferably in the form of a semi-circle, and the lower end of each side has a correspondingly curved recess 23 so that the recesses 23 of one block may be set directly over the rounded upper ends 22 of the block below it.

The upper surface 24 of the connecting portions 59 between the block ends I? and I8 is at an angle and below the upper extremities 22 of the sides of the tile, and the corresponding lower face 25 similarly inclined parallel with the surface 24 with its lower edge 2% extending below the adjacent edges 27 of the ends of the tile so that the lower surface of one tile is actually between and below the upper curved ends 22 of the tile [below it.

This construction of each individual tile causes a vertical row of the tiles to be interlocked in line with each other permitting a limited turning or adjusting movement of one tile upon the other, and the spacingof the surfaces 59 and 25 of adjacent tiles is such that an inclined air space 28 is provided between the blocks leading from the inner fiush side upwardly to the inc 2% at the outer side of the tile, when they are applied as shown within a fire box.

With this construction, the vented tile sections are built up about the inner wall of a fire box upon a ring E6 of plastic material and the plastic fire brick i5 fills in the spaces between the tile sections. The tiles is are of hard refractory material preformed as shown before they are set into place within a fire box, but they are interlocked together in a vertical column and the vertical columns are interlocked with the plastic fire brick columns E5 so that when once set up, and dried or fired in place, the lining is permanent, and provides a number of fines 26 about the periphery of a fire box which receive the gases of combustion throughout the height and between each pair of preformed tiles.

When any type of solid fuel is filled into the magazine and properly ignited, the combustion of the fuel will take place as represented in Fig. l, burning fuel 28 being disposed at the bottom and upwardly at the sides decreasing in thickness at the top with a central core 2% of unburned or partially burned fuel, depending upon the amount of draft which is admitted at the bottom of the grates. The fire burns around the edge of the lining and on the bottom and the fuel drops down, continuously acting as a magazine feed.

This lining is so vented that it is practically impossible to smother a fire which therefore makes it possible to charge a burner with large quantities of fuel at each firing. This in turn will reduce the firing intervals depending upon the fuel capacity and efficiency of the heating plant and upon the weather. To obtain even heat and the maximum results from any fuel, it is necessary to have automatic damper regulation which is not shown in the present installation. With a burner of this kind, it is possible to burn various kinds of fuels both coarse and fine, but due to the dense nature of the finer fuels, it is difficult for air to get through from the bottom, and thus the vented lining is valuable in keeping a fire burning, in preventing the formation of gas. Poor grades of coal will naturally result in larger ash quantity, but under normal conditions, there will be no difliculty from clinkers in a properly sized heating plant from any of the normally available fuels. The formation of clinkers is due to burning over a large area and not raising the temperature sufficient to fuse the ashes. In the present burner, clinkers may not be entirely avoided, but their formation is materially reduced. With an installation of this kind, the required fire is so reduced that a mechanical stoker is not necessary, since it is also fed from a hopper which must be filled periodically.

This type of lining is particularly valuable for trash burners, incinerators, and the like, which are liable to smother, as it is sometimes difiicult to keep such material burning. For this type of installation, it may be desirable to place a burner (not shown) below the grate as l2 in Fig. 1 to start such a fire and to keep it burning. I

Although this installation has been described in connection with a circular fire pot, the lining may also be applied to furnaces and fire boxes of various sizes and shapes, and various other changes in the construction and arrangement of the parts may be adopted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

I claim:

1. An interlocking vented refractory tile, having ends connected by an integral intermediate wall portion extending only partially through the tile leaving an open space at one side thereof, the top and bottom of each end having a projection and recess respectively for engaging a similar recess and projection of adjacent tiles, the intermediate connecting wall portion projecting downwardly below the lower edges of the ends and terminating at the top below the upper edges of the ends respectively so that adjacent tiles when placed together will be interlocked laterally by the intermediate wall portion and transversely by the top projections and bottom recesses of the ends.

2. A vented refractory lining for application to burners of various sizes and shapes, comprising plastic fire brick columns and refractory tile columns arranged alternately and the tile columns having corrugated side faces interlocking the columns together, each tile column comprising a plurality of individual interlocking tiles, each having end portions with upper projections and lower recesses to engage adjacent upper and lower tiles with connecting intermediate wall portions between the ends extending partially through the tile to provide an opposite free space to form a flue with the adjacent tiles and the inner wall of a burner to which it is applied, the intermediate wall portion of each tile having an inclined recess at each upper end and having a cutaway portion at each lower end which 00- operates with adjacent tiles to provide an air space between them extending from the inside of the burner to the flue space at the opposite side thereof.

3. A vented refractory lining for the inner walls of burners of various sizes and shapes, comprising plastic fire brick columns and refractory tile columns arranged alternately, the tile columns having a plurality of interengaging tile units with outer corrugated surfaces interlocking with the plastic fire brick columns, the tile units having end portions with projections and recesses to interlock adjacent tiles in each column, the tile units also having a connecting wall between the end portions with a recess at one side of the tile to form a vertical fiue with the adjacent inner wall of the burner and the connecting wall having opposite inclined surfaces at the top and bottom between the end portions to form with adjacent tiles an upwardly inclined vent extending from the inside of the lining between each pair of tile units communicating with the flue space at the outer side of the tile.

4. The combination with a burner having a fire wall and a grate at the bottom, a plastic ring surrounding the grate at the marginal edge of the burner, a refractory lining built upon the plastic ring and comprising plastic fire brick columns and refractory tile columns arranged alternately and continuously around the inside of the burner, the tile columns having corrugated side edges interlocking with the plastic fire brick columns, each refractory tile column comprising a plurality of tile units, the tile units having corresponding projections and recesses to interengage with adjacent upper and lower tile units, the tile units also each having an intermediate connecting portion extending partially through each tile with an inclined recess at the upper end and having a cutaway portion at each lower end to register with corresponding cutaway and recess portions of the adjacent tiles and to provide a venting flue at the outer side of the tile column in connection with the inner wall of the burner and also to provide connecting portions also providing vent openings inclined upwardly from the inside of the lining to the fiue at the outside of the tiles between each pair of tiles.

5. A heater, comprising a fire box having a grate at the bottom, a plastic supporting ring surrounding the grate, a vented refractory lining comprising alternate columns of plastic fire brick and refractory tile, the tile column having corrugated edges in interlocking engagement with the plastic fire brick, the tile column comprising a plurality of similar tiles, the tiles having projections and recesses at the upper and lower ends for interlocking them with respect to each other,

each tile having its ends connected by an integral intermediate wall portion which extends only partially through the tile, leaving an outer space to form a flue with the inner wall of the fire box, and the upper and lower ends of the connecting portion of each tile having an angular recess p,

and cutaway portion respectively to provide an outwardly and upwardly inclined vent with the corresponding connecting portions of other tiles thereby forming vents extending through the tile column from the inside of the lining to the outer flue of the tile column.

6. A burner for solid fuels having an inner wall with a vented refractory lining, comprising alternate columns of plastic fire brick and preformed tile extending entirely around the interior of the burner, and the sides of the tile column having recesses and projections for interlocking the columns, the tile column comprising tiles each having a single outer vertical wall recess to form a single vertical flue for each tile column adjacent and in conjunction with the inner wall of the burner, and each tile having ends with upper and lower projections for fitting tile together, and an integral connecting wall between the ends extending below the tops and bottoms of the ends and having inclined end recesses and cutaway portions forming passageways extending between adjacent tiles and forming communication between the said flue and the interior of the lining.

7. A burner for solid fuels comprising a fire box with a grate at the bottom and a vented refractory lining, the lining comprising alternate columns of plastic fire brick and preformed tile units arranged vertically around the interior of the fire box and extending upwardly from the grate, the tile units of a column each having interlocking end walls integrally connected by a connecting wall at one side of the tile providing a recess at the back thereof to form a vertical flue in conjunction with the other tiles of its column and the interior of the fire box, the connecting wall projecting downwardly below the lower edges of the ends and terminating at the top below the upper edges of the ends to form recesses between adjacent tiles and so that adjacent tiles when placed together in a column will be interlocked laterally and transversely by the intermediate wall portion and the ends having passageways at the tops and bottoms between adjacent tiles from the interior of the lining to the flue thereof, the upper and lower edges of the connecting wall passageways being inclined to form upwardly and outwardly inclined passages between each pair of tiles.

8. A vented refractory lining for the inner walls of fuel burners, comprising a, plastic fire brick column and preformed refractory tile column having an inner wall with a recess at the outer side to form a single vertical flue with the inner wall of the burner to which it is applied, the refractory tile column comprising a plurality of substantially rectangular tile units fitting interlockingly together with an intermediate wall portion extending only partially through each tile leaving an open space at one side thereof, the top and bottom of each end of the intermediate portion of the wall having angular cut away portions to form a recess inclined upwardly and outwardly from the inside into the vertical flue space at the outside of the column and the side edges of each unit having corrugated surfaces interlocking with the plastic fire brick column, and the columns adapted to alternate around the burner to provide uniformly spaced single fiues extending entirely around and applicable to burners of various sizes and shapes.

GEORGE F. DOYLE.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 86,796 Absterdam Feb. 9, 1869 934,887 Cole Sept. 21, 1909 1,436,279 Matson Nov. 21, 1922 1,859,445 Howle May 24, 1932 2,329,993 Kriner Sept. 21, 1943 2,365,675 Blumstengel Dec. 26, 1944 2,367,094 Blumstengel Jan. 9, 1945 2,370,644 Esson Mar. 6, 1945

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