US2518925A - Turbine - Google Patents

Description

Aug. l5, 1950 s. NusvsBAuM 2,518,925

TURBINE Filed Jan. 22, 1947 a sheets-sheet 1 Au'g. 15, 1950 J. G. NussBAuM TURBINE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Jan. 22, 1947 Pfg@ /ZW f of@ w f m,

Patented Aug. 15, 1950 TURBINE Jules Georges Nussbaum, Toulouse, France,` assignor to Hydro Mecanique, Toulouse, France, a

society of France Application January 22, 1947, Serial No. 723,503 In France April 30, 1946r 6 Claims. (lCl. 253-148) The adjustment of the blades of a helical turbine is generally effected by means of an adjusting rod sliding within the turbine shaft which must therefore be made hollow.

If the turbine directly drives an electric generator or any other machine the machine must also have a hollow shaft for the passage of the adjusting rod. This involves a special construction of the driven machine and prevents the use of a standard machine having a solid shaft.

Various arrangements have been proposed for enabling this to be done. That forming the object of the present invention is distinguished by the fact that a member for distributing a liquid under pressure which controls the setting of the turbine blades is placed within the rotating part of the turbine and preferably within a piston controlling the setting of the blades.

In particular the distributor rotates with the turbine shaft, it is in the form of a slide valve sliding within the turbine shaft and it is in the form of a hollow shaft the central part of which communicates by transverse ports with the liquid supply and with one or other face of the pistonv according to its position in relation to the latter; in its mid position in relation to the piston the distributor connects the liquid supply to both faces of the piston. The distributor is actuated by a member external to the rotating part of the turbine.

By way of example the accompanying drawing shows in Figure 1 in axial section a helical turbine embodying adjusting means in accordance with the invention and in Figure 2, an enlarged axial section of the valve and piston mechanism forming part of the turbine shown in Figure l.

In the turbine shown in the drawing the setting of the blades is controlled by a piston |09 mounted on the adjusting rod ||J| of the turbine runner and working within a cylinder m2 rigid with the vertical shaft of the turbine and rotating with it. Within the piston lidi slides the lower part of a distributing slide valve |63 also rotating with the shaft and of which the upper part slides within the shaft itself ,iournalled in a bearing See within which is provided the chamber |69 fed with oil under pressure by a pump H drawing from a reservoir IH and discharging through a pipe |06.

The slide valve |63 is provided with a central chamber lill fed through ports IS.

The oil is distributed through ports H3 into a feed chamber H2 for the piston formed by a groove in the periphery of the slide valve |63,

2 the width of the groove I I 2 being such that it can communicate simultaneously with feed chambers H4 and I I6 formed by grooves in the wall of the bore of the piston I Ill).

This simultaneous communication is effected when the slide valve |03 is in its mid position in relation to the piston when the feed chamber I I2 communicates through the upper feed chamber 4 with the lower part H5 of the cylinder and through the lower feed chamber H6 with the upper part I|1 of the cylinder.

In turn the feed chamber H4 can communicate with passages H8 communicating with the casing of the apparatus which acts as an oil collector returning oil to the reservoir III. The feed chamber I I6 can communicate with passages H9 also communicating with the casing.

The slide valve ID3 which rotates with the shaft 99 and piston |00 can be moved up and down. It is rigidly coupled to a collar 310 rotating with the shaft by a, driving key 312. A second collar 31| is lodged in a groove in the rotating collar 310; the collar 31| cannot rotate but it can be given an axial movement of translation through a bell crank'lever |26 coupled by a coupling rod |21 with the governor of the turbine or with a regulator. Thus by actuation of the coupling rod |21 the slide valve I U3 can be given an axial movement, downwards by pushing on the rod |21, upwards by pulling on it.

In the construction above described when the slide valve |03 is in its mid position in relation to the piston oil supplied by the pump HI! flows freely through the passageways |88, |81, H2, H4, H6, H8 and H9 into the casing and back into the reservoir HI. This flow takes place under negligible pressure and very little power is required to drive the pump.

If the slide valve is moved downwardly by the linkage |21, |26, 310, 31| and 312, the supply to the chamber H4 and the lower part H5 of the cylinder is cut off while the chamber I4 is opened to the exhaust passages H8 and the casing so that pressure in I5 below the piston disappears. The communication to the chamber HS and the upper part H1 of the cylinder is opened wider while the way to the exhaust passage H9 is closed. Pressure is therefore built up on the upper face of the piston which is thus driven downwardly following the movement of the slide valve |03 until the latter is checked, the piston following on until it reaches its mid position in relation to the slide valve when the pressure above it disappears and the piston also stops. The pressure built up on the piston during this operation depends entirely on the resistance by the regulating rod IUI and the apparatus therefore consumes no more energy than is strictly necessary to adjust the setting and the blades and the power consumed by the pump again reaches a very low value when the valve and piston reach their 'relative mid iposition Tand the pressure falls.

If the rod |21 is pulled so that the slide valve |03 is raised the pressure is applied to the under face of the piston and disappears from the upper face. The piston therefore rises until in overtaking the slide valve it returnsmid positioniin relation to the latter Whenitsmovement ceases.

It will be seen that the slide valve and consequently the regulating rod Llll .are compelled Ato follow the vertical movements o'f the collars 31.0 and 3l! actuated by the coupling rod |21.

The force necessary on the couplingrod -I-Zlis very small because it is merely a matter of moving the-balanced slidefvalveiM-.while theforceiexertedzby the oil under pressuraactingonlthe'facesuof the piston can be as great-iasfis necessary to adjust the blades.

Naturally the present invention isrnot limited to the example described. Thus forzinstanceif a hydraulic accumulatorfisravailable 'for the supply .ofoil under pressure, the slide valve'couldbe supplied'by the .accumuator butlto avoid'a-.continuous loss of-oilthe edges ofthe groovein the slide valve would have-:tofoverlap thefcorresponding edges ofthe grooves inthe piston-whichwould only be uncovered `when 'the 4blades were to ibe adjusted.

Having now particularly described and ascertained thenature otmy-said invention'andin what manner the same Vis to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:

l. rAnadjustment deviceior the vanesoia turbine or .the like comprising in combination'a turbine shaft; yva-nes carried 'at-'one end thereof; a mechanisnifor adjusting saidy vanes;:an actuating rod 4forming Vpart .of said mechanism, the said actuatingrod'being disposed within-ahollow-portion x.of -said turbine :shaft and rotating gthere- I with; a-cylinder rotating withrsaidturblne shaft, the said cylinder being spaced fromsaid end "of said tu eine shaft ;'a piston movable in said-cylinder and operatively-connected to said actuating rod; a central bore provided-inisaidpistonyaslide rod axially movable insaid-central bore; 'a :reservoir -adapted to receive a'pressure liquid; an axial passage provided-in said slide rod communicating'ffiith"saidreservoir -ducts'leading into .said cylinder at the sides of said'piStOn, one duct for each-side, the saidducts alternativelycommunieating nwith saidV axial lpassage 'upon selected pesitions of said slide rod; :ducts-for lreturning .the liquid to said reservoir, one duct foreach'si-de-'o said piston, the -said ducts being 1 alternatively opened and closed-uponV selectedpositionsof said slide rod; means iorforcing the` liquidunderpressure from said reservoirintosaid '-axialipassage; andmeans for axially adjustingsaid slide irod whereby the liquid is caused tofactiupon-one .or the other Vface of ksaidpiston therebyiimparting movement to said actuating rod.

2. An adjustment.devcedoivtheQvanesfof alturbineV or the iii-:e comprisingyin combination alturbine shaft; vanes carried-ationefendthereof; fa mechanism foradjusting-said v.anes;fan actuating rod `iormingpart of Saidmechanism, the said actuating rod being disposed within-a hollowgportion of said turbine shaftiand:rotatingatherewith; a cylinder formedintegralwith said'turbineshaft intermediate its two ends; a piston movable in said cylinder and carried by said actuating rod; a central bore provided in said piston; a slide rod axially movable in said turbine shaft and through said central bore; a reservoir adapted to receive a pressure liquid; an axial passage provided in said :slide :rod zcommunicating vith'sai'direservoir; ductsprovided irl-Said piston and leading into said cylinder at the two sides :of said piston, one duct for each side, the said ducts alternatively communicating with said axial passage upon selected positions of said slide rod; ducts forcreturning the liquid to said reservoir,:one duct for each side of said piston, the said:ducts';being Aalternatively opened and closed .upon selected positions of said slide rod; means for `forcing the liquid under pressure from said reservoir into said axial passage; and means for axially adjusting said slide rod whereby the liquid is caused to act upon one or the other face of `said. piston thereby impartingv movement to said actuating rod.

3. Anfadjustment device for thefvanes of aturbine or the Eike comprising in combinationa-turbine shaftyvanes carried Latene .end thereof; a mechanism for adjusting said-vanes; an actuating red forming partici .said mechanism, `the said actuating rod being disposed within avhollowportion of-said turbine shaft and rotating therewith; a cylinder rotating with said turbine Vshalt, .the said cylinder being spaced-from said endoi said turbine shaft; a piston movable in saidcylinder and'operatively/'connected to saidiactuating. rod; a 'central .bore provided in saidzpiston; aslide rod axially movable in said central bore; l a reservoir adapted -to receive a `pressure liquid; alyaxial passage'provided in said slide rod and communieating with said reservoir; an outlet for saidaxial passage; ducts provided in said piston and leading .into said cylinder .at the two sides offsaid piston, thesaid ducts l eing so disposed with respect tofsaid outlet-that they are alternatively in communication-with the same in .two alternative positions of .said slide rod and .that they are simultaneously in communication with said :outlet inan intermediate position of said slide rod; ducts for'returning the liquid to said reservoir, .one duct for-each side of Said piston, the said-ducts being alternatively opened and -closed in the two end positions of said slide rod and being simultaneously opened in an'intermediateposition of .said Slide-rod; means for iorcingtlie liquid underpressure from said reservoir into said axial passage; and .meansior axially adjusting saidsliderod whereby the liquid is caused to-aot upon one or the .other face-of Vsaid piston thereby imparting movement to said actuating rod.

'-4. An adjustment device for vthc -v-anes of a turbine or the like comprising `in combination a turbine shalt; vanes carriedatone end thereof; mechanism for adjusting said varies; an actuating rod forming part of said mechanism, the saidcactuating rod being tdisposed withina hollow portion of said turbine Shaft and rotating therewith; a cylinderzrotating with saidltusbine shaft, the said cylinder being spaced from said end of said turbine shaft; a piston movable in said cylinder and operatively connected rto said actuating rod; a, central bore provided in said piston; a slide rod axially movable insaid central bore; a reservoir adaptedto-IeCeiVe a pressure liquid; an axialpassage'providcd=in said slide rod and communicating with said reservoir; a pair of .duid chambersprovided vin fsaid piston adjacent said-sliderod, the said liluid chambers l Y being relatively spaced; ducts provided in said piston and extending from each of said fluid chambers to one end face of said piston; an outlet provided in said slide rod for said axial passage, the said outlet having a width to be in communication with both said ducts in an intermediate position of said slide rod and to vbe alternatively in communication with one or the other of said fluid chambers in two end positions of said slide rod; ducts for returing the liquid to said reservoir, one duct for each side offsaid piston, the said .ducts being alternatively opened and closed in the two end positions of said slide rod and being simultaneously opened in anintermediate position of said slide rod; means f or forcing the liquid under pressure from said reservoir into said axial passage; and means "forjaxially adjusting said slide rod whereby the liquid is caused to act upon one or the other face of said piston thereby imparting movement to said actuating rod.

5 An adjustment device for the vanes of a turbine or the like comprising in combination la turbine shaft; varies carried at one end thereof; a mechanism for adjusting said vanes; an actuating rod forming part of said mechanism., the said actuating rod being disposed within a hollow portion of said turbine shaft and rotating therewith; a cylinder rotating with said turbine shaft, the said cylinder being spaced from said end of said turbine shaft; a, piston movablelin said cylinder and `operatively connected to said actuating rod; a central bore provided in said piston; a slide rod axially movable in said cen-r tral bore; a reservo-ir adapted to receive a pres` sure liquid; an axial passage provided in said,

slide rod communicating with said reservoir; ducts leading into said cylinder at the sidesf'of said piston, one duct for each side, the said ducts alternatively communicating with said axial passage upon selected positions of said slide r0d;l

ducts for returning the liquid to said reservoir,

one duct for each side of said piston, the said ducts being alternatively opened and closed upon selected positions of said slide rod; pump means for forcing the liquid under pressure from said reservoir into said axial passage; a bell crank pivoted to a stationary part of the device, one

arm of said crank being pivoted to one end of n said slide rod; and handle means pivoted to the other arm of said bell crank for imparting movement to said slide rod whereby the liquid is caused to act upon one or the other face of said piston thereby imparting movement to Said actuating rod.

6. An adjustment device for the varies of a turbine or the like comprising in combination a turbine shaft; varies carried at one end thereof; a mechanism for adjusting said vanes; an actuating rod forming part oi said mechanism, the said actuating rod being disposed within a hollow portion of said turbine shaft and rotating therewith; a cylinder rotating with said turbine shaft, the said cylinder being spaced from said end of said turbine shaft; a piston movable in said cylinder and operatively connected to said actuating rod; a central bore provided in said piston; a, slide rod axially movable in said central bore; a reservoir adapted to receive a pressure liquid; :an axial passage provided in said slide rod and communicating with said reservoir; an outlet for said axial passage; ducts provided in said piston and leading into said cylinder at the two sides `oi? said piston, the said ducts being so disposed with respect to said outlet that they are alternatively in communication with the same in two alternative positions of said slide rod and that they are simultaneously in communication with said -outlet in an intermediate position of said slide rod; ducts for returning the liquid to said reservoir, one duct for each side of said piston, the said ducts being alternatively opened and closed in the two end positions of said slide rod and being simultaneously opened in an intermediate position of said slide rod; pump means forcing the liquid under pressure from said reservoir into said axial passage; a bell crank pivoted to a stationary part of the device, one arm of said bell crank being pivoted to one end of said slide rod; and handle means pivoted to the other arm of said Ibell crank for imparting movement to said slide rod whereby the liquid is caused to act upon one or the other face of said piston thereby imparting movement to said actuating rod.

JULES GEORGES NUSSBAUM.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,510,436 Englesson Sept. 30, 1924 1,937,772 McCormack Dec. 5, 1933 1,962,383 Biggs June 12, 1934 2,083,797 Scoville June 15, 1937 2,188,313 Ruths et a1 Jan. 30, 1940 2,244,770 Englesson June 10, 1941 2,255,920 Englesson Sept. 16, 1941

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